非诺贝特对糖尿病大鼠肾功能改善作用及抗氧化应激机制

目的研究非诺贝特对糖尿病大鼠肾功能的改善作用及其机制。方法大鼠一次性腹腔注射链脲佐菌素65mg·kg-1制备糖尿病模型,随机分为对照组、模型组,非诺贝特低、中、高剂量(20,40,80mg·kg-1)组,每组10只,每天灌胃给予相应剂量的非诺贝特,于第8周末测尿白蛋白(Alb)、视黄醇结合蛋白(RBP)和肌酐;腹主动脉取血,测定血糖和糖化血红蛋白(Hb A1c)。取出肾脏,一部分肾组织用4℃生理盐水冲洗后,称重研磨制成匀浆,再离心,取上清液测定MDA、SOD活性、GSH活性、NO含量、NOS活性和Na-K-ATP酶活性。另一部分肾组织光镜下检测组织病理学变化。结果与对照组相比,模型组Alb和RBP明显升高(P<0.05),肾组织中NO含量、NOS、GSH和SOD活性明显降低(P<0.05)、MDA含量明显升高,Na-K-ATP酶活性降低(P<0.05),肾组织病理损伤严重。与模型组相比,非诺贝特80mg·kg-1组Alb和RBP明显降低(P<0.05),肾组织中NO含量、NOS、GSH-Px和SOD活性明显上升、MDA含量明显下降,Na-K-ATP酶活性升高(P<0.05),肾组织病理损伤减轻。结论非诺贝特能降低糖尿病大鼠肾脏损伤起保护作用,这可能与提高肾脏抗氧化应激损伤有关。     

阿托伐他汀强化降脂对急性脑梗死患者的疗效及血脂和血清炎性因子水平影响

摘 要 目的： 探讨阿托伐他汀强化降脂对急性脑梗死患者血脂和血清炎性因子水平的影响及其疗效。方法: 94例急性脑梗死患者随机分为强化组(47例)和普通组(47例)。两组患者均予降颅内压脱水、控制血压和血糖、抗血小板聚集、神经保护等基础治疗。普通组同时口服阿托伐他汀钙片20 mg,qd;强化组同时口服阿托伐他汀钙片40 mg,qd,两组均连用8周。比较两组患者治疗前后血脂,血清炎性因子hs-CRP、TNF-α和IL-10水平及临床疗效。结果: 治疗8周后,两组TC、TG和LDL-C水平均较前不同程度下降,HDL-C水平均较前不同程度上升(P<0.05或P<0.01),且强化组变化幅度较普通组更明显(P<0.05);两组血清hs-CRP和TNF-α水平较治疗前均不同程度下降,血清IL-10水平较治疗前均不同程度上升(P<0.05或P<0.01),且强化组变化幅度较普通组更明显(P<0.05)。强化组临床总有效率为95.74%,明显优于普通组的80.85%(P<0.05)。两组药品不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:阿托伐他汀强化降脂治疗急性脑梗死疗效显著,安全性较好,能显著降低血脂水平,降低血清hs-CRP和TNF-α水平,升高血清IL-10水平,抑制局部炎性反应。     

Effect of Sulfonylureas Administered Centrally on the Blood Glucose Level in Immobilization Stress Model

Sulfonylureas are widely used as an antidiabetic drug. In the present study, the effects of sulfonylurea administered supraspinally on immobilization stress-induced blood glucose level were studied in ICR mice. Mice were once enforced into immobilization stress for 30 min and returned to the cage. The blood glucose level was measured 30, 60, and 120 min after immobilization stress initiation. We found that intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection with 30 µg of glyburide, glipizide, glimepiride or tolazamide attenuated the increased blood glucose level induced by immobilization stress. Immobilization stress causes an elevation of the blood corticosterone and insulin levels. Sulfonylureas pretreated i.c.v. caused a further elevation of the blood corticosterone level when mice were forced into the stress. In addition, sulfonylureas pretreated i.c.v. alone caused an elevation of the plasma insulin level. Furthermore, immobilization stress-induced insulin level was reduced by i.c.v. pretreated sulfonylureas. Our results suggest that lowering effect of sulfonylureas administered supraspinally against immobilization stress-induced increase of the blood glucose level appears to be primarily mediated via elevation of the plasma insulin level.     

Pratique de l’automesure tensionnelle dans une population d’hypertendus en Afrique subsharienne

AimTo investigate home blood pressure monitoring (HBPM) practice among treated hypertensive patients in a subsaharan Africa setting.Patients and methodsCross-sectional observational study over a five-month period from April 30 to September 30, 2019. The survey was carried out among treated hypertensive patients aged at least 18-years-old, received in outpatient consultations department at the Abidjan Heart Institute during the study period. We assessed the rate of patients performing HBPM, and compared characteristics and rate of blood pressure control between patients according to the realization of HBPM.ResultsThree hundred hypertensive patients (mean age 59.2 ± 12.0 years, sex ratio 1.4) were included. Of these, 68.3% reported to have information about HBPM. In 42.3% of cases, patients had an electronic blood pressure device at home, the majority of which were devices with arm cuffs (65.3%). The study showed that 40.3% of the patients had received education on hBPSM, most commonly provided by practitioners (71.9%). Among our population study, 36.3% performed HBPM, of whom only 13.8% according to the 3-day standardised protocol. In multivariate analysis, HBPM appeared to be an independent factor associated with better blood pressure control.ConclusionHBPM is rarely used by patients with hypertension in our practice. Most of the patients do not receive education about HBPM and adequate training in order to perform it routinely.     

Preoperative Body Weight and Albumin Predict Survival in Patients With Resectable Lung Neoplasms: Role of COPD

IntroductionThe impact of preoperative nutritional status on survival in lung cancer (LC) patients with underlying chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is still unclear. We hypothesized that presurgical nutritional assessment may differentially predict mortality in patients with resectable LC with moderate COPD and relatively well-preserved nutritional status.MethodsNutritional assessment [body mass index (BMI), blood parameters including albumin and protein levels, and body weight loss], and other clinical parameters [cigarette smoking (CS) history, LC staging and histological subtypes, COPD severity, lung function, and adjuvant therapy] were evaluated in 125 patients from the LC Mar Prospective Cohort: 87 LC-COPD patients and 38 LC patients without COPD before thoracotomy. Ten-year overall survival (OS) was analyzed in all patients.ResultsPrior to thoracotomy, in LC-COPD patients compared to LC, BMI and albumin declined relatively, low levels of the parameters BMI, albumin, and total proteins were associated with poorer 10-year survival, especially in the LC-COPD. CS burden also correlated with impaired survival. COPD per se worsened the prognosis in LC patients.ConclusionsIn the present cohort of LC patients with resectable tumors and relatively well-preserved nutritional status, the parameters BMI and blood albumin and protein levels measured prior to thoracotomy predicted OS, especially in those with COPD. These are clinically relevant findings, since values of those nutritional parameters were within the normal ranges in the majority of the analyzed patients. A thorough nutritional preoperative assessment should be included in the study of patients with resectable LC, particularly in those with chronic airway obstruction.     

浅谈甲状腺功能亢进症患者血清抵抗素水平与血糖、血脂及甲状腺激素的关系

目的 对甲状腺功能亢进症患者的血清抵抗素水平与血糖、血脂及甲状腺激素的关系进行分析和探讨.方法 选择2013年4月至2014年5月我院收治的60例甲状腺功能亢进患者作为本次研究的实验组,另选择60例健康人员作为本次的对照组.结果 实验组患者的空腹血糖高于对照组,T-CH、LDL-C低于对照组(P＜0.05);实验组患者的FT3、FT4、胰岛素、抵抗素、HOMA-IR明显高于对照组、TSH明显低于对照组(P＜0.05);甲状腺功能亢进症患者的血清抵抗素水平与FT3 、FT4、HOMA-IR呈正相关关系,与T-CH、LDL-C呈负相关关系.结论 甲状腺功能亢进症患者血清抵抗素水平与血糖、血脂及甲状腺激素有密切的关系.     

血糖控制不佳的2型糖尿病患者心血管病风险分析

目的评估比较血糖控制良好和控制不佳的2型糖尿病患者未来10年心血管病风险及相关危险因素。方法收集本院内分泌科住院的2型糖尿病患者549例,根据其入院次日空腹糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)测定结果,分为血糖控制不佳组(HbA1c>7%)408例和血糖控制良好组(HbA1c≤7.0%)141例,监测两组年龄、性别、现居地、吸烟史、饮酒史、个人疾病史、体重指数、腰围、收缩压、舒张压、血糖、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白、高密度脂蛋白和纤维蛋白原等指标,并应用Framingham风险评估模型和China-PAR模型预测患者未来10年的心血管病发病风险。结果血糖控制不佳组收缩压、舒张压、空腹血糖、总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇平均值差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Framingham风险评估模型和China-PAR模型结果提示:血糖控制良好的2型糖尿病患者大多属于心血管病低、中风险,血糖控制不佳的2型糖尿病患者大多属于心血管病高风险。结论血糖控制不佳的糖尿病患者应更加注意心血管病危险因素的监测与控制,以降低其心血管病风险。