5％碳酸氢钠用于单肺通气的临床研究

目的研究5％碳酸氢钠（NaCO3）注射液对OLV患者血液酸碱平衡和肺内分流（Qs／Qt）的影响。方法择期ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级20～60岁行开胸手术60例，随机等分3组。实验l组：空白对照；实验Ⅱ组：5％NanC03注射液30ml；实验Ⅲ组：5％NanC03注射液60ml。三组均采用静吸复合麻醉，诱导：静脉注射芬太尼3to／ks、丙t自酚1．5～2mg／ks、琥珀胆碱1．5mg／kg，维持：吸入1～2％异氟烷、连续输注瑞芬太尼0．1～0．25旭／（ks·min）、间断应用维库溴铵0．02～0．03ms／ks。连续监测BP、HR、S002和PETC02。在麻醉前基础值（T0）、麻醉诱导后双肺通气时（T1）、单肺通气30min时（T2）、手术完毕前双肺通气时（T3）采外周动脉血1ml进行血气分析并计算Qs／Qt。结果三组患者的BP、HR、SpO2、PETC02和PaC02等组间比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。oH值、PaO2、BE值、Qs／Qt实验组与对照组组间比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01和P〈0．05）。结论5％NaHCO3注射液能使OLV下开胸手术患者血液pH值下降减小，使氧离曲线右移减少。手术中患者pH值接近中性或手术前状态，有利于肺血管发挥正常的生理功能、促进HPV（缺氧性肺血管收缩）反应、降低Qs／Qt，而不会影响CO2排除的程度。     

Pulmonary Artery Access Embolization in Patients with Massive Hemoptysis in Whom Bronchial and/or Nonbronchial Systemic Artery Embolization Is Contraindicated

The objective of this paper is to present an alternative therapeutic approach for the treatment of patients with massive hemoptysis in whom bronchial and/or nonbronchial systemic arterial embolization is not possible. We describe a percutaneous procedure for pulmonary segmental artery embolization. Between May 2000 and July 2006, 27 adult patients with hemoptysis underwent percutaneous treatment at our department; 20 of 27 patients were embolized via bronchial and or nonbronchial systemic arteries and 7 patients were embolized via pulmonary artery. Femoral arterial access for systemic artery catheterization and femoral vein access for pulmonary arterial catheterization were used. Gelfoam particles and coils were used for embolization. In this study, we report on three cases of massive hemoptysis from a systemic arterial source in whom bronchial and/or nonbronchial arteries embolization was not possible. Percutaneous embolization via the pulmonary artery access was successful in all three patients. In conclusion, embolization via pulmonary artery is presented as an alternative approach for the management of hemoptysis in patients in whom bronchial arterial embolization is not possible.     

Previous portal hypertension surgery negatively affects results of mesenteric to left portal vein bypass

Purpose

The mesenteric to left portal vein bypass (MLPVB) has been successfully used to treat extrahepatic portal vein obstruction (EHPVO) in children. We examined the effect of failed prior surgical or radiological procedures intended to treat complications of portal hypertension on the success rate of subsequent MLPVB surgery.

Methods

Sixty-two patients younger than 18 years with EHPVO underwent MLPVB between 1997 and 2006. Children were divided into 3 groups: those with no prior surgery related to portal hypertension, those with prior portosystemic shunts, and those with either splenectomy or mesenteric vascular embolization procedures. The effect of prior procedures on the patency rate of the MLPVB was then examined.

Results

Of 62 children, 11 (17.7%) had significant procedures to treat symptoms of portal hypertension: 6 had at least 1 portosystemic shunt attempt, 3 had isolated splenectomy, and 2 had embolization of the splenic artery or coronary and peripancreatic varices. Patients with previous portal hypertension surgery were significantly older and larger than those with no surgery. Patients with no prior interventions had a significantly higher MLPVB patency rate (88.2%, 45/51) than those with no prior interventions (63.6%, 7/11). Prior splenectomy alone was not found to adversely affect MLPVB. Patients with prior embolization procedures or unsuccessful shunts had significantly poorer successful outcomes (0% and 66.7%) than those with no prior interventions (88.2%; P < .005).

Conclusions

The results demonstrate that prior portosystemic shunts or mesenteric embolizations have a deleterious effect on outcome after MLPVB and should be avoided whenever possible. This study suggests that patients with symptomatic EHPVO should undergo MLPVB as a primary intervention rather than as a rescue procedure to optimize MLPVB patency.     

三种不同术式对门静脉血流动力学的观测

目的 :测定分流 (SRS)加断流手术 (PCDV)前后门静脉系统血流动力学变化 ,评价其在门静脉高压症外科治疗中的价值。方法 :应用彩色多普勒检测 99例门静脉高压症病人手术前后对门静脉系统的血流动力学的影响 ,术中动态测量门静脉压力。结果 :①SRS +PCDV组 :术后PVF减少 36 .1 0 %± 7.8% ,FPP下降 33 .99%± 9.53 %。FPP的下降与PVF的减少呈正相关 ,PVF和FPP较术前下降 (P <0 .0 5) ,但维持在正常高限且保持门静脉向肝血流 ;②SRS +PCDV组术后的PVF和FPP均介于断流组与脾肾分流组之间 ,且各组之间有显著差异 (P <0 .0 5)。结论 :分流手术后门静脉血流向肝内高灌注 ,门静脉系统瘀血状态依然存在。分流术后门静脉高压瘀血状态缓解 ;门静脉血流肝内灌注显著减少。分流术后门静脉压力降低 ,加做断流术后门静脉压力有不同程度回升 ,术后的PVF和FPP均介于断流术和分流术之间 ,该术式明显优于单纯分流术或断流术。     

门静脉高压症治疗的50年回顾

目的：探讨门静脉高压症的外科治疗。方法：我院50年共收治门静脉高压症939例，分别行脾切除236例，脾腔分流术151例，脾切除＋肠系膜上静脉上静脉下腔静脉吻合术71例，脾肾静脉吻合术42例，肠系膜下静脉下腔静脉吻合术2例，贲门胃底血管离断术409例，胃底曲张静脉和部分脾介入栓塞术28例。术后随访2年、5年，并行上消化道钡餐透视。结果：比较脾腔分流术、贲门胃底血管离断术及胃底曲张静脉和部分脾介入栓塞术的远期效果：脾腔分流术的2年、5年绝对生存率分别为81．6％、56．1％，再出血率4．3％。贲门周围胃底血管离断术的2年绝对生存率为78．7％，再出血率8．0％；5年绝对生存率为74．8％，再出血率为12．4％。胃底曲张静脉和部分脾介入栓塞术的即时止血效果达到100％，术后2年再出血率为率28．6％，死亡率14．3％，术后5年生存率为14．3％。结论：Child分级B级，特别是已发生过大出血的病人，可选择贲门周围胃底血管离断术。ChildC级、有严重黄疸、腹水，发生大出血不宜手术治疗的病人，可行介入曲张血管栓塞术治疗。     

门静脉高压症的不同手术方式对门静脉系统血流动力学的影响

目的测定脾肾分流术 (SRS)、贲门周围血管离断术 (PCDV)及SRS +PCDV手术前后血流动力学变化 ,并评价这些术式在门静脉高压症治疗中的价值。方法应用彩色多普勒检测 99例门静脉高压症患者手术前后门静脉系统血流动力学的状况 ,术中动态测量门静脉压力。结果 (1)脾肾分流组术后较术前门静脉血流量 (PVF)减少 (5 7± 9) % ,门静脉自由压 (FPP)下降 (5 2± 5 ) % ,差异有显著意义 (P <0 0 1)。 (2 )断流组术后较术前PVF减少 (8± 5 ) % ,与术前差异无显著意义 (P >0 0 5 ) ;FPP减少 (19± 7) % ,与术前差异有显著意义 (P <0 0 5 )。 (3)SRS +PCDV组术后PVF减少(36± 8) % ,FPP下降 (34± 10 ) % (P <0 0 5 )。 (4 )SRS +PCDV组术后的PVF和FPP均介于断流组与脾肾分流组之间 ,且各组之间差异有显著意义 (P <0 0 5 )。结论 (1)断流术后门静脉高压瘀血状态依然存在 ;(2 )脾肾分流术后门静脉高压瘀血状态有所缓解 ,门静脉血流肝内灌注减少 ;(3)分流加断流术后PVF和FPP改变不太大 ,但预防出血效果是好的     

Repair of an Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm with a Remarkably Dilated Meandering Artery: Report of a Case

A 73-year-old man on dialysis for chronic renal dysfunction was referred to our hospital for surgical treatment of an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Preoperative angiography showed a remarkably developed meandering artery branching from the inferior mesenteric artery (IMA). The superior mesenteric and celiac arteries were occluded at the origin, and all blood flow to the abdominal organs was apparently supplied by collateral circulation from the IMA. Considering the risk of mesenteric ischemia after aortic clamping in conjunction during surgery, we used a perfusion catheter with a 12-F balloon to create a shunt to the IMA from the subclavian artery. The operation was successful and the patient recovered uneventfully. We describe this surgical procedure for its effectiveness in preventing postoperative mesenteric ischemia in a rare case of an AAA with complex branching lesions.