含谷氨酰胺双肽肠外营养在门腔分流术后应用的临床研究

目的　探讨门腔分流术后病人给予含丙氨酰 谷氨酰胺双肽 (Ala GLN)肠外营养 (PN)的安全性 ;观察其营养支持的效果 ,及对肠道通透性的影响。方法　 16例病人随机分为两组。对照组(n =7)接受不含GLN的PN ;实验组 (n =9)接受含Ala GLN双肽的PN。两组自术后第 1天起给予等氮、等热量的PN共 7d ,于PN前后分别测定血清前白蛋白、氮平衡变化、血清GLN浓度、血氨、尿乳果糖 /甘露醇排泄率比值 (L/Mratio)、生化和临床指标的变化。结果　对照组术后血清GLN水平比术前显著降低 ,术后实验组GLN水平 (5 77± 4 2 ) μmol/L显著 (P =0 0 0 9)高于对照组术后水平 (499± 6 1)μmol/L ;两组术前的L/M比率均明显高于国人正常水平 ,术后对照组L/M水平 (0 0 95± 0 0 34)显著 (P=0 0 4 5 )高于实验组 (0 0 6 4± 0 0 2 3) ;两组累积氮平衡无显著性差异 ,但实验组第 5～ 7天期间氮平衡要明显优于对照组 ,实验组第 5天氮平衡 (- 15 3± 4 6 9)mg·kg-1·d-1显著 (P =0 0 4 3)好于对照组 (-92 7± 90 5 )mg·kg-1·d-1;对照组术后血清前白蛋白水平较术前显著下降 ,实验组术后血清前白蛋白水平 (0 2 6 9± 0 0 37)g/L显著 (P =0 0 0 1)高于对照组 (0 199± 0 0 2 7)g/L ;两组术后血氨水平相比无统计学意义 ;生     

Balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration performed in a pediatric patient with isolated gastric fundal varices

Background

For giant gastric varices in association with portal hypertension, endoscopic treatment often is difficult. Although balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration (B-RTO) has been performed successfully in adult cirrhotic patients, there has been no report in pediatric patients.

Methods

A 10-year-old girl with biliary atresia (BA) who had been free of jaundice after hepatic portoenterostomy was detected to have isolated gastric fundal varices by routine endoscopy. They gradually enlarged up to 4 cm in diameter, showing a tense appearance, so prophylactic treatment was conducted. Magnetic resonance angiography showed the blood flow of the varices mainly drained by a large gastrorenal shunt. A balloon catheter was introduced into the gastrorenal shunt via the femoral vein and was inflated to occlude the outflow of the varices. Five percent ethanolamine oleate was injected into the varices, and the outflow occlusion was kept for more than 30 minutes. Extensive thrombosis was achieved by an additional embolotherapy after 17 months. Throughout the course, the patient has been doing well without bleeding or worsening of the liver function tests.

Conclusions

B-RTO for isolated gastric fundal varices has been performed safely in a pediatric patient and seems effective in reducing the variceal size and tension.     

Infection of orthopedic implants and the use of antibiotic-loaded bone cements: A review

Infections by bacteria are a serious complication following orthopedic implant surgery, that can usually only be cured by removing the implant, since the biofilm mode of growth of infecting bacteria on an implant surface protects the organisms from the host immune system and antibiotic therapy. Over the past few decades, attempts have been made to prevent and cure orthopedic implant infections by incorporating antibiotics in polymethylmethacrylate bone cements, in primary and revision surgery. However, the clinical efficacy of antibiotic-releasing bone cements is not accepted by all and the long-term exposure to low doses from antibiotic-releasing bone cements in patients is strongly related to the emerging threat of antibiotic resistance in medicine today. In this article, we start by reviewing the mechanisms governing the formation of an infectious biofilm on orthopedic implant materials, the release mechanisms and properties of clinically-used, antibiotic-loaded bone cements. The clinical efficacy of antibiotic-loaded bone cements is evaluated analyzing separatedly the prophylactic and therapeutic uses of these products.     

伴右向左分流的隐源性缺血性卒中的临床和影像学特征

目的分析右向左分流相关隐源性缺血性卒中患者的临床特点及梗死灶影像特征。方法纳入隐源性缺血性卒中患者52例,根据经颅多普勒发泡试验结果分为伴右向左分流组(25例)及不伴右向左分流组(27例)。比较两组人群在人口学资料、脑血管病传统危险因素、梗死灶影像学等方面的差异。结果两组患者的年龄、性别比差异无统计学意义。伴右向左分流组患者无明确脑血管病传统危险因素的比例明显高于不伴右向左分流组(44%vs.14.8%,P=0.015),且其发生后循环梗死也更多见(56%vs.14.8%,P0.01),但两组患者的梗死灶大小无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论无明确脑血管病传统危险因素的后循环梗死患者,应注意排查是否存在右向左分流,以进一步明确卒中病因。     

脑室-腹腔分流术后分流不畅的原因分析及处理

目的 总结脑室-腹腔分流术后发生分流不畅的治疗经验。方法 2010年1月至2014年1月采用脑室-腹腔分流术治疗脑积水患者87例。结果 术后出现分流不畅共6例,占6.90%（6/87）。梗阻性脑积水患者3例,远端和近端梗阻各1例,行神经内镜下第三脑室底造瘘术;远端堵塞1例,行脑室-心房分流术后好转。交通性脑积水患者3例,1例远端堵塞,行左侧脑室-腹腔分流术后好转;2例分流系统通畅但症状进行性加重,更换更低压力分流泵后好转。结论 严格把握脑室-腹腔分流术指征,选择合适分流系统和手术方式,规范精细的手术操作有助于预防术后分流不畅的发生;脑室-心房分流术、第三脑室底造瘘术对分流不畅的治疗有较好作用。     

Efficacy and Safety of Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt Creation for Budd-Chiari Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

PurposeTo assess the critical role of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) in the management of Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS), as the data with respect to the safety and outcome of TIPS in patients with BCS are scarce because of the rarity of the disease.Materials and MethodsA comprehensive search of literature of various databases from 2000 to October 2021 was conducted for studies evaluating the outcome of TIPS in patients with BCS. The primary outcomes of the analysis were technical and clinical success, adverse events and mortality associated with TIPS, dysfunction of TIPS, need for TIPS revision, need for liver transplantation (LT), and 1-year survival.ResultsA total of 33 studies (1,395 patients) were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled rates and 95% confidence intervals of various outcomes were 98.6% (97.6–99.7) for technical success, 90.3% (86.0–94.6) for clinical success, 10.0% (6.5–13.6) for major adverse events, 0.5% (0.2–1.0) for TIPS-related mortality, 11.6% (7.8–15.4) for post-TIPS hepatic encephalopathy (HE), 40.1% (32.5–47.7) for TIPS dysfunction, 8.6% (4.9–12.4) for the need for TIPS revision, 4.5% (2.8–6.2) for the need for LT, and 94.6% (93.1–96.1) for 1-year survival. Publication bias was seen with all outcomes except for post-TIPS HE, TIPS dysfunction, and the need for LT.ConclusionsThe existing literature supports the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of TIPS in the treatment of BCS. Deciding the optimal timing of TIPS in BCS needs further studies.     

单肺通气时不同潮气量对呼吸功能的影响

目的 研究单肺通气(OLV)时不同潮气量时的综合评价.方法 60例右侧开胸左侧卧位非右肺全肺切除患者,ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,随机分为A、B、C三组,每组20例.全麻后双肺通气(TLV)潮气量(VT)均为10 ml/kg,RR为12次/分,吸呼比(I∶E)为1∶2.OLV期间A组VT6ml/kg,B组VT 8 ml/kg,C组VT10 ml/kg,分别于OLV前(T1)及OLV后10 min(T2)、20 min(T3)、30 min(T4)采集动脉血及中心静脉血行实验室检查,并计算肺内分流量(Qs/Qt),同时监测气道压力并计算动态肺顺应性(Cdyn),监测PETCO2,并在T4时对三组患者进行综合评价.结果 与T1时比较,T2～T4时三组PaO2、Cdyn降低,PaCO2、Qs/Qt、Pmax、Pmean明显升高(P＜0.05).与B组比较,T2～T4时C组PaO2降低,Pmax、Pmean明显升高(P＜0.05).T4时B组综合评价最好.结论 OLV期间采用B组VT8 ml/kg相对较好.     

双向Glenn分流术治疗儿童复杂紫绀型先天性心脏病

目的总结双向Glenn(BDG)分流术在治疗儿童复杂紫绀型先天性心脏病(先心病)的经验和体会。方法 1999年1月至2004年10月,对155例具有Fontan术高危因素的复杂先心病作BDG术。高危因素包括:年龄<2岁,左和(或)右肺动脉狭窄,平均肺动脉压升高,房室瓣反流及体静脉或(和)肺静脉异位回流等。术前诊断包括单心室(53例)、右室双出口(44例)、完全性大动脉转位(9例)、纠正性大动脉转位(4例)、三尖瓣闭锁(9例)、肺动脉闭锁伴室间隔完整(11例)、肺动脉闭锁伴室间隔缺损(17 例)、上下心室(7例)和法洛四联症伴完全性房室间隔缺损(1例)。其中56例为内脏异位综合征(HS) (36．1％)。130例和25例分别在体外循环和非体外循环下手术。手术类型包括单侧BDG术(84例),双侧BDG术(52例),下腔静脉-肺动脉外管道BDG术(4例),半Fontan术(13例),右半Fontan术十左BDG 术(2例)。其他手术包括完全性肺静脉(TAPVC)(8例)和部分性肺静脉(3例)异位回流纠治术,房室瓣修复术(12例),肺动脉重建术(26例)。结果术后早期平均动脉氧饱和度由术前0．75±0．07升高至 0．86±0．05。手术早期病死率1．9％(3/155例)。结论 BDG分流术可广泛应用于小儿复杂紫绀型先心病,尤适宜于无法行双室修复术,而又存在Fontan术高危因素病儿。HS手术时,术前诊断有无TAPVC十分重要,在作BDG术同时应行TAPVC纠治术。保留肺动脉前向性血流指征为BDG术后PaO2<30 mm Hg,SaO2<0．75,如SaO2>0．85则部分关闭肺动脉干。就医较晚的10岁以上病儿,行下腔静脉-肺动脉外管道BDG术不失为有效治疗方法。     

颈动脉内膜剥脱术的临床应用

目的探讨应用颈动脉剥脱术治疗颈动脉狭窄和闭塞。方法对2004年6月至2005年4月对8例颈动脉硬化狭窄患者行颈动脉内膜剥脱术的临床资料进行回顾性分析,所有患者颈内动脉狭窄程度均大于70％,术中都应用Brener转流管及血管补片。结果术后所有患者未出现严重并发症,脑部供血好转,术后颈动脉超声及CTA检查见患侧颈动脉血流增加,未见动脉瘤形成。结论颈动脉内膜剥脱术是治疗颈动脉狭窄和闭塞较有效的方法。术中可常规应用转流管,应用血管补片可提高远期疗效。     

TIPS序贯TACE、靶向和/或免疫治疗BCLC D期原发性肝细胞癌伴严重门静脉高压并发症

目的 观察TIPS序贯TACE、靶向和/或免疫治疗巴塞罗那临床肝癌（BCLC）D期原发性肝细胞癌（HCC）伴严重门静脉高压并发症的效果。方法 回顾性分析20例BCLC D期HCC伴严重门静脉高压并发症患者,均首先接受TIPS,之后序贯接受TACE、靶向和/或免疫治疗,观察治疗效果、并发症和预后。结果 20例TIPS均获成功,18例术中以弹簧圈或联合组织胶栓塞曲张静脉。TIPS前门体压力梯度为（32.25±4.51）mmHg,术后（18.05±7.54）mmHg,较术前降低（P<0.01）,门静脉高压症状均得到有效缓解;未见手术相关并发症及围手术期死亡。术后1个月功能状态（PS）评分较术前降低（P<0.01）;17例肿瘤分期下降,其中14例降至BCLC C期、2例降至BCLC B期、1例降至BCLC A期。后续11例接受靶向治疗,接受TACE联合靶向治疗、TACE联合靶向及免疫治疗、靶向联合免疫治疗各3例。随访0~26个月,期间均未出现消化道出血,难治性腹腔积液均明显改善;未出现肝性脑病或分流道再狭窄。Kaplan-Meier生存曲线显示,术后3、6、12和24个月累积生存率分别为73%、61%、35%和4%。结论 TIPS序贯TACE、靶向和/或免疫治疗BCLC D期原发性HCC伴严重门静脉高压并发症安全、有效。