两种生化分析系统间结果的可比性研究

目的 通过对同一实验室两种生化分析系统进行方法对比及偏差评估试验,研究两者检测结果的可比性.方法先根据美国国家临床实验室标准化委员会(NCCLS)(EP5-T2)文件要求,对美国贝克曼库尔特CX4 PRO及德国罗氏COBAS C501生化分析仪进行精密度试验;然后按照NCCLS(EP9-A2)文件要求,以CX4 PRO为对比方法,以COBAS C501为试验方法,用患者血清对天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、总胆红素(TB)等20个生化项目进行检测,统计计算两方法间的相关系数和直线回归方程,并评估两分析系统间的偏差.结果 两分析系统的批内及总精密度(CV)与各自厂商提供的参数无统计学差异;20个检测项目的测定结果的预期偏差在临床上均可接受.结论 为确保检测结果准确一致,必须对同一实验室两种或以上生化分析系统进行方法比对及偏差评估试验,从而为临床提供可靠的检测数据.     

浅谈生物化学实验教学改革

结合生物化学教学实际,通过改革实验内容和实验教学方法,建立严格的考评制度等,加强学生操作技能和综合素质的培养,从而提高学生综合实验能力。     

滤除白细胞与MB-P法病毒灭活对血浆生化指标的影响

目的探讨应用滤除白细胞及MB-P病毒灭活技术对血浆生化指标的影响。方法随机采集无偿献血合格者血液标本20份,400ml/份。将每份新鲜血浆在制备过程中平均分为试验组与对照组。所有标本同时进行相关生化指标检测。结果试验组经滤除白细胞后FRUC浓度、FHb及CO2增高明显,与对照组比较有显著性差异(P<0.01)。试验组经MB-P法病毒灭活后FRUC与P3+浓度明显增高,FHb下降较快,与对照组及病毒灭活后比较均有显著性差异(P<0.01)。其它生化指标变化不大。结论滤除白细胞及病毒灭活后的血浆制作,对血液生化指标影响均较小或轻,适用于临床输用血(浆)需求。     

Studies of biochemistry and clinical biochemistry. Studies at sample medical schools in 13 EU countries regarding biochemistry and clinical biochemistry teaching

The study summarizes the results obtained during personal visits to 53 medical schools in the 13 original EU countries during 2004--2006. Data from the Czech Republic is shown for comparison. The possibilities of acquiring information from the websites of the medical schools in the local language and English are assessed. The admission process to medical schools and the organization of studies of medicine, dentistry, and non-medical healthcare fields are briefly characterized. Significant attention is paid to the forms of education in biochemistry and clinical (bio)chemistry in the medical study field. The position of these subjects in the studies of dentistry and non-medical healthcare fields is also noted. In addition, the course of subject exams is described. The methods of funding and postgraduate studies at the medical schools are also briefly addressed.     

The changing role of liver biopsy in diagnosis and management of haemochromatosis

Liver biopsy with histological examination of liver tissue was for many years the cornerstone of the diagnosis of haemochromatosis, allowing assessment of the degree of iron overload and examination of liver histology for the acute and chronic effects of iron overload. In the past two decades the role of liver biopsy in haemochromatosis has changed dramatically. Liver biopsy is rarely requested for two main reasons: (1) genetic testing for human haemochromatosis (HFE) mutations has proved to be very reliable in the diagnosis of haemochromatosis in Caucasian populations, and (2) the majority of patients with haemochromatosis are now diagnosed at an early stage well before permanent tissue damage occurs, so the need to assess tissue and organ damage has diminished. Liver biopsy continues to have a very important role in a small number of haemochromatosis patients for whom it has both diagnostic and prognostic implications. Liver biopsy is essential for the accurate assessment of patients with non-HFE haemochromatosis and in patients who have dual pathology. It is also useful where there appears to be a discrepancy between HFE genotypes and iron studies, particularly in HFE heterozygotes. Finally, liver biopsy is currently the 'gold standard' for the diagnosis of fibrosis and cirrhosis, although this is changing as non-invasive methods for assessing fibrosis become more reliable and available. Therefore, it is important that pathologists maintain their knowledge and skills in the use of liver biopsy in haemochromatosis and other iron storage disorders.     

PBL在生物化学教学中的实践与思考

通过撰写以“脂类代谢”为主要内容的PBL教案,并在生物化学课程中进行PBL教学尝试。教案分成3幕,共在2次课上完成。对学生进行分班小组讨论,在讨论过程中,其学习主动性和热情被充分调动起来,各抒己见,对脂类代谢知识的理解和临床应用不断深入。教师在教学过程中主要给予学生引导,同时也不断积累和总结,探讨如何针对低年级缺乏临床实践的医学生进行基础课程的PBL教学。     

临床生物化学开放性实验的学习心得

通过与以往传统教学不同的临床生化开放性实验课的学习,使得我们学生在自己动脑动手的过程中大胆的进行科研设计,学会如何自己去选定实验题目,如何确定切实可行的实验方法 ,如何对实验数据进行处理和分析。在实验的过程中真正的作为学习的主体来学习,从而进一步提高我们创造性思维和科学研究的能力。     

便携式血糖仪与全自动生化分析仪的比对分析

目的 将便携式血糖仪与全自动生化分析仅进行比对,了解血糖仅的质量,规范血糖仪的管理,保障临床末梢血糖的监测结果可靠,为临床提供可信的依据.方法 以日立7170A全自动生化分析仪作为参考仪器,便携式血糖仪作为比对仪器,选取新鲜血清,在同一时间进行重复测定,并记录结果.用Excel 2003软件对检测结果采用回归和相关分析,求其相关系数(r)及回归方程(Y=bX+a),以卫生部室间评估的允许误差或根据生物学变异确定的偏倚为判断依据,由方法学比较评估的系统误差(SE)或相对偏差(≤1/2)卫生部室间评价允许误差或根据生物学变异确定的偏倚,为便携式血糖仪与日立7170A全自动生化分析仪检测结果的临床可接受性.结果 便携式血糖仪与日立7170A全自动生化分析仪检测结果相关性很好(r＞0.975,P＞0.05).结论 便携式血糖仪与日立7170A全自动生化分析仪检测结果具有较好的可比性.     

Myocardial metabolic monitoring with the microdialysis technique during and after open heart surgery

BACKGROUND: Post-operative ischemia after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is well described but effective intervention requires immediate diagnosis. One possible way of increasing efficacy of peri-operative myocardial monitoring is using the microdialysis technique. METHODS: In 30 patients undergoing routine CABG, a microdialysis catheter was inserted in the left heart in an area of abnormal ventricular contraction. A second catheter was placed in normal tissue of the right ventricle. Microdialysis measurements were performed at time intervals before, during and 24 h after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and retrospectively compared with standard clinical monitoring and clinical course. RESULTS: During CPB, both ventricles showed signs of poor tissue oxygenation. Glycerol was significantly higher in the left myocardium (146 +/- 67 vs. 72 +/- 36 micromol/l) and the glucose/lactate ratio (GLR), as a marker of nutritional disorder of the right ventricle (41 +/- 15% vs. 67 +/- 17%, P < 0.05), had significantly better values at this time point. Myocardial lactate concentrations were significantly higher in the dyskinetic segments (2.82 +/- 0.81 vs. 1.5 +/- 0.81 microM). During this period, no abnormal clinical standard monitoring results were observed. Post-operative significantly increased lactate/pyruvate ratios of three patients were clinically associated with peri-operative myocardial infarction (108 +/- 67 vs. 38 +/- 9, P < 0.05). The lactate/pyruvate ratio started rising before any other standard monitoring tools showed abnormal values. CONCLUSIONS: Peri-operative microdialytic measurements of parameters related to ischemia can be safely performed in a clinical setting, resulting in faster and more reliable detection of ongoing or new ischemia.