肝硬化病人施行胆道手术35例分析

本文对我院近10年来收治的肝硬化病人施行胆道手术35例进行分析，术前漏诊肝硬化12例，占3O％以上，死亡5例，有3例死于胆囊床大出血与术前漏诊有关。作者就术前漏诊原因、术前准备和手术处理体会进行讨论。     

反相高效液相色谱法测定牛黄类中成药中胆汁酸的含量

反相高效液相色谱法测定牛黄类中成药中胆汁酸的含量倪坤仪，王建，陈健，郁建，屠树滋（中国药科大学２１０００９）含牛黄的中成药种类很多，在医疗中具有广泛的用途。中药牛黄中主要成分为胆汁酸和胆红素。本文主要研究用ＨＰＬＣ法测定牛黄以及含牛黄中成药中胆汁酸的...     

失去肝动脉血液供应后大鼠肝门部胆管周围血管丛变化的三维构像研究

目的 探讨完全失去肝动脉血液供应后，大鼠肝门部胆管周围血管丛（PBP）的形态学变化。方法 将SD大鼠随机分为两组，对照组仅游离胆总管、门静脉、腔静脉和肝总动脉，不做切断；实验组结扎肝动脉，并切断肝十二指肠韧带除门静脉以外的其它组织，阻断其它侧支血管对肝门部胆管的血液供应。术后应用计算机对大鼠肝门部组织切片进行PBP三维可视化构建，并对PBP内层微血管进行定量分析，对胆管壁组织进行病理学检查。结果 实验组肝门部胆管分叉部位PBP平面结构显示胆管扩张，胆管壁明显增厚，壁内微血管尖细，排列紊乱，内层微血管密度减低；PBP立体构像显示空间结构紊乱，不规则，微血管细小，管壁不均匀增厚。与对照组相比，实验组肝门部PBP内层微血管总数明显减少（P〈0．01），肝门部PBP内层微动脉数也明显减少（P〈0．05）。实验组肝门部胆管壁呈慢性增生性炎症改变。结论 失去含氧量高的动脉血液供应时，PBP形态结构将会发生一系列改变，胆管壁组织也将发生相应的病理变化。     

胆汁胆固醇对胆囊收缩素受体表达的影响

目的：探讨胆汁胆固醇对胆囊收缩素受体（CCK－R）表达的影响。方法 采用放射免疫分析法和受体放射配基结合法检测对照组、高胆固醇组、自然恢复组及治疗组豚鼠门静脉血CCK水平、胆囊CCK－R的最大结合容量（Bmax）和亲和力（Kd），同时观察空腹胆囊体积（FV）、胆囊胆汁量（FB）和餐后胆囊体积（RV）、胆囊胆汁量（RB）及胆囊收缩率（E％）、胆汁胆固醇浓度的变化。结果 与对照组比较，高胆固醇组豚鼠FV、FB增大（P＜0.05），RV、RB也增大，胆囊收缩率下降（P＜0.01），胆汁胆固醇浓度升高（P＜0.05），门静脉血CCK水平及CCK－R的Kd无改变，而CCK－R的Bmax下降（P＜0.01）；治疗组上述各项指标正常。结论 胆汁中的高胆固醇通过下调胆囊CCK－R表达而导致胆囊收缩功能障碍，降低胆汁高胆固醇浓度可以促进胆囊动力功能的恢复。     

三块游离组织组合移植I期修复复杂手外伤

研究复杂性手外伤的修复方式和游离组织组合移植的方式。方法：对36例严重手外伤采用在块游离组织组合移植修复。共有4种组合类型。结果：36例108块游离组织组合移植，全部成活，所覆盖的创面全部愈合，经过1年以上随访，移植足趾和Mu甲瓣恢复触痛、温度觉，两点瓣别觉在6-12mm，所有病例恢复了对掌、对指功能，能完成日常生活功能。结论：用三块游离组织组合移植修复复杂手外伤，虽手术时间长、创伤大，但可减少手术次数和减轻患者精神和经济负担，缩短疗程，并能早期进行康复训练，最大程度恢复手指的功能治疗。     

Predicting Survival after Trauma: a Comparison of TRISS and ASCOT in the Netherlands

Background: Evaluating the performance of a trauma system may be attempted by comparing outcome in different trauma populations. Controlling for injury severity is a necessity for such evaluations. We compare two current models for doing so: the “Trauma and Injury Severity Score” (TRISS) and “A Severity Characterization Of Trauma” (ASCOT). Material and Methods: This study of high-energy trauma victims took place in Leiden, the Netherlands, between 1993 and 1998. Using the Hosmer-Lemeshow (HL) test and receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis, the TRISS and ASCOT models were compared for calibration and discrimination. Results: 1,024 patients, with an average Injury Severity Score (ISS) of 13.5, were eligible for inclusion. Blunt trauma was the predominant cause of injuries. Both models gave accurate, though pessimistic, results in predicting the actual number of fatalities (n = 71). The HL test indicated a sufficient fit for the ASCOT model (p = 0.28) and an insufficient fit (p = 0.02) for TRISS. The ROC curves were nearly identical (0.97). Including age as a linear variable, instead of using the current age groups, resulted in an improved discriminative power of the models. Conclusions: The ASCOT model proved superior over TRISS in its accuracy to estimate of survival chances. This difference was most evident for victims with an estimated survival chance of 60–90%. Future national trauma researchers should therefore collect ASCOT data. Improved ASCOT models could be developed, with age as a linear variable. Received: April 25, 2002; revision accepted: September 17, 2002 Correspondence Address Prof. Arie B. van Vugt, MD, PhD, Department of General Surgery and Traumatology, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, Postbus 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Phone (+31/10) 463-5735, Fax -4757, e-mail: vanvugt@hlkd.azr.nl     

14年间住院病人主要病因和死因变化趋势

目的　探讨 1990～ 2 0 0 3年住院病人的主要病因和死因及变化趋势的方向、强度。方法　分析我院 1990～ 2 0 0 3年录入广东省卫生厅“广东省医院统计病案管理系统”的统计资料 ,计算住院病人主要疾病、死亡病因 1990～ 1999年、2 0 0 0～ 2 0 0 3年两个阶段的年均构成比 ,观察顺位变化 ,用回归分析的方法计算变化趋势。结果　 1) 1990～ 1999年主要住院病因顺位是消化系统疾病 (15 .6 2 % )、损伤和中毒 (13.16 % )、循环系统疾病 (11.2 4 % )、呼吸系统疾病 (10 .4 7% )、恶性肿瘤 (10 .4 3% ) ;2 0 0 0～ 2 0 0 3年顺位是循环系统疾病 (16 .4 1% ) (其中缺血性心脏病占 2 2 .98% ,脑血管病占 39.6 8% ) ,损伤和中毒(12 .80 % )、消化系统疾病 (11.76 % )、呼吸系统疾病 (9.5 3% )、恶性肿瘤 (8.73% ) ,循环系统疾病呈显著上升趋势 (B =4 .2 6 ,P <0 .0 5 ) ,消化系统疾病呈显著下降趋势 (B =- 3.17,P <0 .0 5 ) ;2 ) 1990～ 2 0 0 3年住院死因顺位为恶性肿瘤 (2 9.2 9% )、循环系统疾病 (2 5 .91% )、损伤和中毒 (12 .6 3% )、呼吸系统疾病(6 .18% ) ,消化系统疾病 (5 .77% ) ;2 0 0 0～ 2 0 0 3年恶性肿瘤呈显著下降趋势 (B =- 3.88,P <0 .0 5 ) ,循环系统疾病呈上升趋势但无显著性 (B =0 .84 ,P >0     

Bile leak after laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Summary Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has now become the preferred surgical approach to symptomatic cholelithiasis. With the widespread use of this technique there have appeared reports of complications. We report the case of a patient who developed a cystic duct stump bile leak after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Percutaneous drainage of the biloma, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and papillotomy led to resolution of the problem. The literature on cystic duct stump leaks after laparoscopic cholecystectomy is reviewed and the various therapeutic modalities are outlined.     

山东农村511名高中生伤害的现况调查

目的 调查高中生伤害的情况、危险因素及其影响，为制定高中生伤害的预防措施提供依据。方法 以整群抽样的方法在山东省利津县某高中9个班的511名高中生中进行调查和描述性分析。结果 在过去一年里所调查的高中生8种伤害(车祸、中毒、跌落、烧烫伤、电击伤、钝／锐器伤、动物昆虫叮咬伤、溺水)的总发生率为15．5％，男、女生发生率分别为18．5％、11．9％。发生率最高的前4位伤害依次是跌落伤(7．6％)、中毒(4．3％)、车辆伤(3．3％)和钝／锐器伤(3.1％)。家中常发生中毒、烧烫伤，学校常发生跌落伤和钝／锐器伤。平均每人次伤害花费最大的是车辆伤，其次为跌落伤；平均影响学习时间最长的是车辆伤，其次为烧烫伤和跌落伤。伤害发生率在性别和父亲健康状况上有显著性差异。结论 针对不同伤害特点采取相应预防措施，以降低伤害发生率，促进青少年健康，减少社会健康损失和经济损失。     

Could bipolar vessel sealers prevent bile leaks after hepatectomy?

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The aim of this work was to test the feasibility of using a bipolar low thermal acting system inducing collagenic sealing but not protein coagulation to secure hepatic parenchyma cutting. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty consecutive hepatectomies were carried out using kellyclasy plus ligatures and clips (controls), while the following 50 hepatectomies used kellyclasy plus bipolar vessels sealer (BVS). Blood loss, duration of hepatic pedicle clamping, length of hospital stay, and complications were recorded. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference in blood loss and duration of clamping between controls and BVS. Specific complications (9/21 in the control group vs 1/49 for the BVS group, p<0.00045) and length of hospital stay (14 days in the control group vs 11 days in the BVS group, p<0.014) were statistically lower in BVS group than in the controls, mainly due to prevention of bile duct leakages. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that BVS may be particularly efficient to achieve bilistasis leading to the highest level of safety in performing hepatectomies. Further studies are now needed to confirm its superiority on the classical biliary ducts occlusion techniques.