胸主动脉夹层覆膜支架腔内修复术的临床分析

目的 总结覆膜支架腔内修复术(173GP)治疗胸主动脉夹层(TAD)的经验,探讨介入手术治疗的技术和方法.方法 9例胸主动脉夹层DeBakeyⅢ型患者,支架选用记忆合金自膨支架和超薄涤纶人工血管的复合体,直径根据螺旋CT血管造影(CTA)和主动脉数字减影血管造影(DSA)确定,在DSA引导下沿导丝经真腔将该覆膜支架封闭...     

Overview: Current Status of Thrombolytic Therapy in Acute Myocardial Infarction

Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide whose incidence is increasing. Traditionally these aneurysms have been repaired by a standard surgical approach. Over the past decade, spurred by the development of endovascular therapies for a variety of vascular pathologies, the endoluminal treatment of AAAs has rapidly proliferated. Early stent-grafts used to treat AAAs were primarily ‘home-made’. Presently there are a number of industry-made devices available on both an investigational and approved for use basis and the number is growing. This review focuses on the types of stent-grafts currently available, indications for use and patient selection, as well as new patents issued over the years 1998 - 2000. The ideal stent-graft is yet to be developed and not all AAAs are amenable to endovascular treatment. This is a dynamic field where developments are likely to continue at a rapid pace.     

False Lumen Stent-Grafts for Repair of Postdissection Aortic Aneurysms

PurposeTo evaluate the safety and efficacy of false lumen (FL) stent-grafts in the treatment of postdissection aortic aneurysms.Materials and MethodsEleven patients who underwent endovascular repair using FL stent-grafts from January 2016 to June 2019 were included. Among them, 2 patients had a prior history of type A aortic dissection, whereas 9 had undergone a prior endovascular repair for type B aortic dissection. Computed tomography angiography was performed to evaluate the reintervention and technical success rate, aortic remodeling, and other related aortic complications.ResultsThe mean age of patients was 55.6 ± 10.4 years. Technical success was achieved in all patients, and neither early mortality nor paralysis occurred. In total, 8 visceral branch arteries originating from the FL were reconstructed. The true lumen areas at the celiac axis, superior mesenteric artery, renal artery, and abdominal aortic bifurcation were significantly increased from 230.1 mm² to 312.3 mm², 212.1 mm² to 277.5 mm², 209.1 mm² to 291.6 mm², and 214.4 mm² to 300.6 mm², respectively (P < .05). The total diameter of the aorta at the 4 designated levels was stable or had shrunk in all patients. At a mean follow-up of 18.9 ± 7.6 months, 1 patient received re-intervention owing to iliac stent-graft occlusion. No aortic-related mortality occurred.ConclusionsFL stent-grafts can safely and effectively treat patients with postdissection aortic aneurysms. This strategy can be used to promote thrombosis of the FL and aortic remodeling. A larger sample and an extended follow-up period are needed to produce more conclusive results.     

Clinical outcomes of hypogastric artery occlusion for endovascular aortic aneurysm repair

Purpose: To determine the midterm outcomes of internal iliac artery (IIA) coverage by a stent-graft in endovascular aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR) under specific anatomic and technical circumstances.

Material and methods: From January 2003 until January 2014, 57 patients with aortoiliac aneurysms, including 20 with 24 IIA aneurysms (IIAAs), underwent EVAR with IIA coverage. IIAA diameter change or IIA thrombosis, buttock claudication, type II endoleak, and secondary interventions related to the IIA were studied.

Results: Twenty-five of the 37 patients without IIAA were embolized prior to stent-graft placement, all unilateral, and in 12, the IAA orifice was only overstented. Buttock claudication occurred in only nine (20%) of the embolization patients (9/49 IIA’s) (p?=?.14), while one IIA-related type II endoleak, occurred in the nonembolization group (p?=?.16). In patients with IIAA(s), the aneurysm diameter decreased in 16 cases (67%). Buttock claudication occurred in 75% of bilateral, and in 14.6% of unilateral embolizations (p?=?.046).

Conclusions: Carefully selected patients with aortoiliac aneurysm without IIAA may safely undergo hypogastric artery overstenting without preemptive embolization during EVAR. IIA embolization is associated with buttock claudication and should be avoided if possible. Otherwise, at least one IIA should be preserved.     

枪弹伤导致双下肢多发动静脉瘘一例

病史摘要患者男,39岁,2个月前右大腿中部、左小腿上部被散弹枪击伤,在当地医院行伤口局部清创、左小腿筋膜室切开减压,伤愈后出院。因双下肢仍明显肿胀,并伴活动后胸闷、心慌等症状而入院。入院查体:心率110次/min,右大腿中部、左小腿内外侧有多处陈旧切口瘢痕,双小腿明显肿胀,肤色暗红,伴皮温增高,双足背和胫后动脉搏动均明显减     

Retrograde type A dissection after endovascular stenting of the descending thoracic aorta. Is the risk real?

OBJECTIVE: Retrograde type A dissection during or after endoluminal graft repair of the descending thoracic aorta is a potentially lethal complication unique to thoracic endografting. Our aim is to increase its awareness and to review possible etiological factors. METHODS: Two hundred and eighty-seven patients with different thoracic aortic pathologies were treated with endovascular prostheses over the last 6 years (February 2000 to March 2006) under a single-site protocol. A retrospective review was conducted to identify any retrograde aortic dissections by both chart and film review. Factors that may have contributed to its formation were also documented. This population was analyzed for the complication of retrograde aortic dissection as well as the factors related to its occurrence. RESULTS: Seven patients (2.4%) with a gender distribution of three males and four females experienced a retrograde type A dissection within this sample at a median of 202 days. The mean age was 74 years (range 53-83). Aortic pathologies included aortic dissections (n=6) and thoracic aortic aneurysm (n=1). There were (n=3) 43% retrograde type A dissections identified within the perioperative period. Balloon angioplasty was performed in 71.4% (n=5). Two female patients (28.6%) had this event identified within their initial hospitalization with fatal consequences. Overall mortality was 57% (n=4) with extension of dissection the primary cause of death n=3 and open surgical repair (n=1) after an extension of retrograde dissection. CONCLUSIONS: Female gender, use of stent-grafts for dissection and possible aggressive balloon angioplasty may play a role in the cause of retrograde type A dissection. A close surveillance program is recommended when using thoracic endografts outside the recommended device instructions for use.     

Aortoiliac aneurysm with arteriocaval fistula treated by a bifurcated endovascular stent-graft

A 71-year-old patient with high-output cardiac failure was found to have an aneurysmal distal aorta with evidence of an arteriocaval fistula on ultrasound scanning. CT demonstrated an aneurysm of the distal aorta and right common iliac artery and an intraarterial digital subtraction angiogram confirmed an arteriocaval fistula. In view of the patient’s cardiac failure and general condition an endovascular stent was considered. The right internal iliac artery was occluded with Tungsten coils prior to the insertion of a bifurcated stent-graft. This resulted in total occlusion of the aneurysm and obliteration of the arteriocaval fistula. To our knolwedge such a case has not been previously reported.     

右旋美托咪啶用于覆膜支架腔内隔绝术中镇静的随机双盲对照研究

目的:探讨观察右美旋托咪啶用于B型主动脉夹层覆膜支架腔内隔绝术中的镇静效果及安全性。方法:局麻复合强化麻醉下行覆膜支架腔内隔绝手术的患者60例,随机分为右旋美托咪啶组(D组)和芬太尼+咪达唑仑组(C组),每组30例,采用静脉注射,给药时间持续10 min,观察给药后即刻(基础值),5 min(T1)、8 min(T2)、10 min(T3)、12 min(T4)、15 min(T5)、20 min(T6)、25 min(T7)及30min(T8)的血压、心率(HR)、呼吸频率、经皮血氧饱和度(SpO2)、脑电双频谱(BIS)值及改良警觉、镇静观察评分变化并记录有无术中不良反应。结果:与基础值比较,D组T3～T8时收缩压(SBP)降低和舒张压(DBP)降低,T3～T8时HR降低,T4～T7时镇静评分降低,T5、T6时BIS值降低;C组T3时SBP降低,T4时镇静评分降低(P<0.05或P<0.01)。与C组比较,D组在T5～T7时SBP降低,在T6、T7时DBP降低,T3～T6时HR降低,T5、T6时镇静评分降低,T5、T6时BIS值降低,发生呼吸抑制及恶心呕吐的发生率降低(P<0.05或P<0.01)。2组各时点呼吸频率(RR)和血氧饱和度(SpO2)比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:右旋美托咪啶具有良好的镇静效果,对呼吸影响小,不良反应轻微,可安全用于覆膜支架腔内隔绝术中镇静。     

Current Management of Traumatic Rupture of the Descending Thoracic Aorta

Traumatic rupture of the descending thoracic aorta remains a leading cause of death following major blunt trauma. Management has evolved from uniformly performing emergent open repair with clamp and sew technique to include open repair with mechanical circulatory support, medical management and most recently, endovascular repair. This latter approach appears, in the short term, to be associated with perhaps better outcome, but long term data is still accruing. While an attractive option, there are specific anatomic and physiologic factors to be considered in each individual case.     

B型不典型主动脉夹层的腔内修复术治疗及中期随访结果

目的: 总结临床较少见的B型主动脉不典型夹层的腔内修复治疗患者的临床资料及中期随访结果。方法: 总结自2009年4月~2009年10月连续10例采用腔内覆膜支架植入术的B型主动脉不典型夹层的临床资料及治疗方法，并进行随访。结果: 所有患者均为男性。年龄（54±11）岁，体质量（80±6） kg。所有患者均有急性胸背部疼痛症状，经64排螺旋CT确诊为B型主动脉不典型夹层，其中8例存在主动脉壁内血肿，9例存在主动脉穿通性溃疡，7例两者共存。3例存在胸腔积液，4例CT提示造影剂外溢。所有患者均有高血压病史，诊断高血压病1～30（8±10）年。最高血压150～230（189±31）mmHg，6例患者诊断有高血脂，7例患者经CT诊断有严重动脉硬化。所有10例患者采用介入腔内覆膜支架修复术，从疼痛症状发生到支架植入时间6～60（19±16） d， 急性患者6例，慢性患者4例。所有患者均成功植入覆膜支架。植入支架直径（35.4±1.9） mm，支架长度（150±9） mm。ICU时间为4 h～2（1.0±0.6） d，术后（5.9±1.5） d出院。其中1例患者同期植入一枚肾动脉支架。1例术后第2天起有轻度偏瘫症状，术后CT证实左侧顶叶小梗死灶，经治疗好转出院。所有患者均进行随访，随访5～11（8.4±2.1）个月。1例术后2周时在家中不明原因猝死。其余患者在术后4 d及术后3个月时均行CT复查，恢复满意，症状消失。结论: 主动脉腔内覆膜支架修复术对有症状且有演变成典型夹层或破裂倾向的B型主动脉不典型夹层治疗的近，中期效果良好，是一种安全，有效，成功率高的治疗方法，远期效果需进一步随访。