Endovascular Stent-Grafting for Infected Iliac Artery Pseudoaneurysms

We report two cases of acutely infected pseudoaneurysms of the iliac arteries, successfully treated with endovascular stent-grafting. Two patients underwent stent-graft treatment for erosive rupture of the iliac artery caused by surrounding infection. The first case is that of a 61-year-old man who had undergone Miles operation for an advanced rectal cancer. Postoperatively, he developed intrapelvic abscess formation, from which methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was cultured, followed by rupture of the right external iliac artery. The second case is that of a 60-year-old man who had a pseudoaneurysm of the left common iliac artery, which was contiguous with a left psoas muscle abscess, from which Streptococcus agalactiae was cultured. Both patients were successfully treated with only a stent-graft and antibiotic therapy, and remained symptom-free 12 months and 10 months later. Although endovascular stent-grafting should not be considered standard therapy for infected aneurysms, our cases suggest that it can result in repair of infected aneurysms even in the uncontrolled active stage.     

Branched stent-grafts for endovascular repair of aortic and iliac aneurysms

Endovascular technique, which gains access through indirect transarterial routes and isolates the aneurysm without interrupting flow, has particular advantages in aneurysms of the aortic arch and thoracoabdominal aorta. Yet progress has been slow. The necessary branched stent-grafts face several unique technical challenges. The simplest, most versatile approach involves assembling a modular stent-graft in situ from multiple parts. Techniques vary according to the presence or absence of an overlap zone, or cuff. The first cases of this type, reported over 4 years ago, had axially oriented cuffs. Recent efforts have seen the intercomponent attachment site reduced to a ring of Nitinol around a simple fenestration, with various hybrids of cuffed and fenestrated technique in between. Other advances, such as better sheaths, better covered stents, and commercial manufacture (Cook, Australia), have helped to extend the use of branched stent-grafts to a wider range of users and a wider range of aneurysms. Although their future role remains unclear, all these devices have gone beyond the proof of concept stage, and some, such as the bifurcated component for the endovascular iliac reconstruction, are ready to become standard parts of the endovascular.     

Successful Endovascular Treatment of Iliac Arteriovesical Fistula with Secondary Stent-Graft Infection

A 58-year-old woman initially presented with massive gross hematuria and iliac arteriovesical fistula (IAVF). Endovascular stent-graft repair achieved complete exclusion of the IAVF and controlled the bleeding, but sepsis subsequently developed because of endograft infection. Endovascular embolization of the infected stent graft was performed after extraanatomic bypass surgery. The patient recovered and showed no signs of graft infection or recurrent fistulization at 14 months after treatment. Endovascular embolization of infected stent grafts combined with extraanatomic bypass may be an acceptable treatment option for graft-related sepsis in cases that are resistant to conservative treatment and pose high surgical risk for graft excision.     

腔内隔绝治疗77例Stanford B型夹层动脉瘤的报告

目的 覆膜支架已日益广泛用于治疗Stanford B型夹层动脉瘤.文中观察研究覆膜支架介入治疗Stanford B型夹层动脉瘤的疗效.方法 对77例Stanford B型夹层动脉瘤行覆膜支架介入治疗,观察疗效与长期预后.结果 77例均成功封堵主动脉破口,近期死亡2例,存活患者5年生存率为73.3%,生活质量基本不受影响.结论 覆膜支架介入治疗Stanford B型夹层动脉瘤是安全有效的方法,远期疗效满意.     

Early Outcomes of Left Subclavian Artery Revascularization Using Castor Single-Branched Stent-Graft in the Treatment of Type B Aortic Dissection or Intramural Hematoma

Background: More evidence was required to guide the management of left subclavian artery (LSA) during thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR). The present study aimed to compare the outcomes of LSA coverage with LSA revascularization. Another purpose of this study was to share our experience of LSA revascularization with castor single-branched stent-graft.Methods: From January 2016 to December 2019, 134 patients with type B aortic dissection (TBAD) or intramural hematoma (IMH) were enrolled and divided into two groups, the LSA-covered group (n = 61) and the LSA-revascularized group (with castor single-branched stent-graft, n = 73). The results, such as in-hospital and 30-day mortality, stroke, paraplegia, left arm ischemia, operation time, endoleak, were compared between the two groups.Results: The incidence of 30-day stroke in the LSA-covered group (8.2%) was significantly higher compared with the LSA-revascularized group (0%, P = 0.018). 30-day ischemia of left arm occurred in more patients in the LSA-covered group (11.5%, P = 0.003). No statistical difference was found in the incidences of paraplegia, endoleak, in-hospital mortality, and 30-day mortality.Conclusions: LSA should be revascularized during TEVAR to reduce the incidences of stroke and left arm ischemia. Castor single-branched stent-graft was feasible and safe for treating TBAD or IMH.     

一种新型的压差介导开窗式主动脉腔内移植物系统的实验研究

背景：近年,主动脉腔内隔绝术的挑战是如何通过完全腔内治疗的方式处理累及分支动脉的病变主动脉,虽然许多新型腔内移植物产品已经应用于临床且早期疗效肯定,但是,这些新产品不仅需要对主动脉及其重要分支进行严格的术前影像评估,如近端锚定区,病变和分支动脉的精确测量,而且需要时间为患者量身定制腔内移植物。因此,限制了微创治疗主动脉病变的应用范围。为解决这一难题,本研究设计一种新型腔内移植物系统,通过主动脉与分支动脉间的压力差,诱发移植物的覆膜自动“开窗”,并到达保存分支,减少并发症的目的。 方法：选用实验猪12头（雄性8头,雌性4头）,压力传感器同步测量覆膜支架封堵分支前后,左锁骨下动脉与主动脉弓间的血压差大小及变化情况。根据动物体内测的压力差大小,通过多重纺织成型技术试制能在该压力差诱导下出现覆膜变形和渗漏的新型移植物覆膜,即多重纺织密度人造覆膜（MDPM）。将MDPM缝合到直管型覆膜支架上制成移植物样品,在体外模型内测试其压力变形和渗漏能力。 结果：12头猪全部成功植入管型腔内覆膜支架封堵左锁骨下动脉并成功测压,猪左锁骨下动脉被管型腔内覆膜支架完全封闭后,主动脉弓血压比左锁骨下动脉血压高42.78±5.17mmHg（P<0.001）。将此种覆膜整合到普通直管型主动脉覆膜支架,操作简单易行,移植物系统且易于导入和准确定位释放。当MDPM两侧压力接近40mmHg,LSA分支出口处可见明显造影剂漏出。 结论：首次提出压差介导开窗式主动脉腔内移植物系统的设计,也许能为主动脉腔内修补术开创一种新的思路。关于压差介导开窗式主动脉腔内移植物系统在活体内的可行性有待进一步研究。     

An Infected Aneurysm of the Vertebral Artery Treated with a Stent-graft: A Case Report

In a 75-year-old man, a growing vertebral artery aneurysm at the C3/4 intervertebral level was found at postoperative evaluation of cervical abscess, which was diagnosed as a complication of sepsis subsequent to cholangitis. Even after a successful antibiotic treatment and a surgical drainage, the aneurysm grew enough to cause compression of esophagus and trachea. The aneurysm was judged to be infection-related, based on the clinical course and the anatomical vicinity to the abscess. Following a dual antiplatelet treatment (clopidogrel 75 mg and aspirin 100 mg per day) for a week, the patient underwent endovascular treatment of the aneurysm with a stent-graft. Postoperative angiography showed complete obliteration of the aneurysm with preserving patency of the vertebral artery. A dual antiplatelet treatment was continued for 6 months and was changed to a single antiplatelet treatment (clopidogrel 75 mg per day) thereafter. Neither recurrence of the aneurysm nor stent-graft infection was observed for 4 years of follow-up. This case illustrates the potential use of a stent-graft in the treatment of an infected aneurysm.     

Fenestrated endovascular aortic repair for juxtarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm

Background Endovascular stent-graft with fenestration can improve proximal sealing in patients with juxtarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm (JAAA).The purpose of this study was to describe our primary exp...