深圳市高血压患者血压控制情况与周围绿地特征的关联分析

目的 探讨高血压患者血压控制情况与周围绿地特征的关系。方法 深圳市基本公共卫生服务管理满一年的≥35岁高血压患者为研究对象。采用分层多阶段随机抽样方法抽取代表性样本1 158人,回收有效问卷1 116份,应答率为96.4%。于2019年11月至2020年1月对纳入分析的1 116人进行问卷调查、体格测量、实验室检测。采用二元logistic回归模型分析绿地特征对高血压患者血压控制的影响。结果 深圳市基本公共卫生服务管理高血压患者血压控制率为67.8%（757/1 116）,二元logistic回归分析调整混杂因素后结果显示,周围绿地设置有健身区（OR=1.678,95%CI：1.231~2.288）、集体锻炼场地（OR=1.373,95%CI：1.020~1.848）、健康知识宣传区（OR=1.416,95%CI：1.049~1.911）对高血压患者血压控制具有积极影响。患者对周围绿地的安全性（OR=1.010,95%CI：1.000~1.019）、舒适性（OR=1.011,95%CI：1.001~1.021）、维护情况（OR=1.011,95%CI：1.001~1.021）的满意度得分均与血压控制呈正相关。居住小区有专属绿地的患者血压控制率高于无专属绿地的患者（OR=1.333,95%CI：1.009~1.762）。结论 绿地中健康促进元素及绿地的安全性、舒适性、维护情况以及专属绿地等绿地特征对血压控制有积极影响。     

苏州市社区建成环境与居民体力活动的关联分析

目的 了解苏州市居民体力活动水平,探索社区建成环境与居民体力活动的关联。方法 2017年采用多阶段整群随机抽样方法抽取苏州市25~64岁常住人群进行面对面调查,采用国际体力活动量表长卷（IPAQ-L）评估居民体力活动水平,采用居民环境步行量表简表（NEWS-A）评价社区建成环境主观感知。结果 苏州市居民过去1周总体力活动水平M=3 610.42 MET-min/w,以工作相关体力活动水平为主,交通、家务及休闲相关体力活动水平较低。控制社会人口学因素后,公共服务可及性与社区居民的总体力活动水平呈负相关（OR=0.522,95%CI：0.329~0.830）,场所设施多样性与工作相关体力活动水平呈负相关（OR=0.701,95%CI：0.492~0.999）,步行和自行车道设施与工作相关体力活动水平呈正相关（OR=1.603,95%CI：1.004~2.559）;交通安全与交通相关体力活动水平呈负相关（OR=0.642,95%CI：0.416~0.990）;住宅密度与休闲相关体力活动水平呈正相关（OR=1.001,95%CI：1.000~1.002）;此外,社区美观与舒适的主观感知程度越高,工作、交通、家务及总体力活动水平越高（OR=1.889,95%CI：1.176~3.033;OR=1.671,95%CI：1.120~2.495;OR=1.775,95%CI：1.143~2.756;OR=1.593,95%CI：1.079~2.350）。结论 完善步行道和自行车道设施、提高社区的美观和舒适程度对于增加居民体力活动有重要作用。     

Satisfaction with neighbourhood environment moderates the associations between objective neighbourhood environment and leisure-time physical activity in older adults in Beijing,China

Asia is ageing fast. To develop more effective health promotion initiatives among older adults, more knowledge of the environmental correlates of physical activity is needed. However, research in this age group is rare, and most existing studies have been conducted within Western contexts. The present study explores the interaction effects of objective neighbourhood environment and satisfaction with neighbourhood environment on leisure-time physical activity in older adults in Beijing, China. This study follows a cross-sectional design and involves older adults aged 65 years and over. The questionnaire was collected in 2018 and 2,061 older adults living in Yanshan, Beijing, China were included in the analysis. Linear regression was applied to examine the effects. The findings show that residents who live in places with higher levels of walkability, or those who are more satisfied with neighbourhood environment (either path/road/street condition or recreational resources) spent significantly longer participating in leisure-time physical activity. However, the objective neighbourhood accessibility of recreational resources was not a significant factor of physical activity. Satisfaction with neighbourhood recreational resources can significantly moderate the relationship between objective neighbourhood accessibility of recreational resources and leisure-time physical activity respectively. This is the first study conducted in China examining the relationships between objective neighbourhood environment, satisfaction with neighbourhood environment and leisure-time physical activity among older adults. This study may have implications for urban planning and service provision planning. The design of built environments that considers quality rather than only quantity can play a significant role in improving older adults' leisure-time physical activity.     

Assessment of the effects of exposure to extremely low-frequency magnetic fields on MDCK epithelial cell lines under a controlled environment

To assess the effects of exposure to extremely low-frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MFs) on MDCK cell lines, experiments were performed in a chamber under controlled conditions (temperature, humidity and CO₂). Therefore, the measured physicochemical and electrical changes in the cells are due solely to the magnetic field exposure and not to external factors. A developed sinusoidal magnetic field generator produced the ELF-MFs with a uniform magnetic field and adjustable intensity and frequency. Three experimental indicators were used: (i) transepithelial electrical impedance (TEEI); (ii) cell migration and proliferation; and (iii) expression of the proteins of the tight junctions, and changes in the area and shape of the cell nuclei. No significant effects on TEEI values were observed when 10 and 50 G 60 Hz magnetic fields were applied to confluent cell monolayers. There were no significant differences in migration and proliferation of the cell monolayer exposed to 60 Hz magnetic fields10 and 50 G , but a contact inhibition factor was observed. The expression of the CLDN-1 protein decreased by 90% compared with the control, while ZO-1 protein expression increased by 120%. No significant effects were observed in the area and shape of the cell nuclei. Experimentation in a controlled environment, under physiological conditions, ensures that the observed effects were strictly due to exposure to magnetic fields. Different exposure conditions are necessary to determine the impact on TEEI and cell migration–proliferation indicators.     

人体血清二噁英化合物检测方法的建立

目的建立人体血清二噁英(polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans,PCDD/Fs)化合物测定方法,为开展二噁英人体健康风险评估提供检测技术手段。方法基于国际二噁英的测定方法—同位素稀释的高分辨气相色谱/高分辨质谱联用法,血清样品经C18柱固相萃取、酸性硅胶柱和活性炭柱净化的前处理方法,用DB-5MS毛细管柱(60 m×0.25 mm×0.25μm)分离,高分辨质谱检测分析。结果本方法的检出限为0.35~3.26 pg/g脂肪计,采用血清国际标准参考物质(SRM 1958)进行方法验证,与SRM 1958给出的参考质量分数值范围对比,17个PCDD/Fs单体浓度测定值均在参考质量分数值范围内,相对标准偏差为2%~19%(n=3)。该方法进一步应用于实际人体血清分析,同位素标记的17个二噁英单体回收率为61%~135%。结论本方法灵敏度和准确度高、方法性能稳定,满足人体血清二噁英检测方法的要求。     

建成环境对南京市儿童青少年体力活动影响

目的分析不同建成环境特征对江苏省南京地区儿童青少年体力活动水平的影响,为提高儿童青少年体力活动水平提供科学依据。方法于2018年5—6月采用现况研究设计,使用多阶段整群随机抽样方法,选择南京市12个行政区4~12年级学生(9~17岁儿童青少年)共4401人进行问卷调查,采用国际上通用体力活动居住环境量表(PANES)来评价建成环境的特征;采用多水平logistic回归方法分析不同建成环境特征对南京市儿童青少年体力活动水平的影响。结果调查的4401名儿童青少年体力活动水平充足比例为21.1%(930/4401)。以学校为随机因素,在调整了年龄、性别以及父母最高文化水平后,多水平logistic回归分析结果显示,社区道路具有人行道(OR=1.40,95%CI=1.10~1.78)、社区具有隔离的自行车车道(OR=1.37,95%CI=1.12~1.67)对儿童青少年体力活动水平具有促进作用。以小学、初中、高中进行分层,结果显示,初中组社区具有隔离的自行车车道(OR=1.59,95%CI=1.11~2.27)以及高中组看到社区居民积极锻炼身体(OR=1.88,95%CI=1.05~3.39)对儿童青少年体力活动水平具有促进作用。结论不同建成环境特征能够明显影响儿童青少年体力活动水平,建成环境作为影响儿童青少年体力活动水平的一个可控因素应引起更多关注。     

山东省2019年中小学校教学环境调查

目的 调查山东省中小学教学环境卫生学现状。方法 2019年8月至12月,采用多阶段随机抽样方法随机抽取山东省16地市213所中小学校的1287间教室,对教学环境的教室人均面积、课桌/椅分配、黑板尺寸、教室采光、照明及噪声进行监测并计算各项指标的合格率。结果 合格率最低的是黑板面照度,为24.46%,小学、初中和高中分别为22.38%,26.24%和24.75%,差异无统计学意义。课桌椅分配符合率为31.46%,小学、初中和高中分别为25.06%,35.77%和33.59%,差异有统计学意义。教室人均面积合格率为43.52%,小学、初中和高中分别为31.32%,44.06%和55.48%,小学的合格率明显低于中学。其余项目的合格率在50%~77%之间。城区和郊县学校在教室人均面积、黑板、黑板面照度均匀度、课桌面照度和照度均匀度合格率的差异具有统计学意义,其中郊县学校的黑板面和课桌面照度均匀度合格率高于城区,其他项目合格率低于城区学校。结论 山东省中小学教学环境教室人均面积、课桌椅分配符合率和教室照明等方面还存在一些问题,需要相关部门采取措施来改善教学环境。     

中小学生非自杀性自伤行为家庭环境因素分析

目的 了解中小学生非自杀性自伤行为的现况;探讨中小学生非自杀性自伤行为的家庭环境影响因素。方法 采用整群抽样的方法抽取4所学校6 252名中小学生,使用蓄意自伤量表和中国家庭评估测量工具进行问卷调查,采用两分类logistic回归分析中小学生NSSI行为的家庭环境因素。结果 中小学生非自杀性自伤行为检出率为30.74%,在中小学生中,家庭相互交流（小学生:OR = 1.041,95%CI:1.028～1.055;中学生:OR = 1.036,95%CI:1.011～1.060）、家庭冲突（小学生 :OR = 1.060,95%CI:1.044～1.077;中学生 :OR = 1.045,95%CI:1.013～1.079）和父母控制（小学生:OR = 1.033,95%CI:1.012～1.055;中学生 :OR = 1.057,95%CI:1.014～1.103）均是非自杀性自伤行为的危险因素。结论 改善和提高家庭环境功能水平,有助于预防中小学生非自杀性自伤行为的发生。     

社会支持与环境作用大学生心理:行为的中介效应

目的:探究大学生社会支持、环境、行为、心理之间的相互作用机制,为大学生的行为引导和心理健康干预提供参考。方法:采用一般情况调查表和大学生生命质量评价简明量表(QOLCS-23),对2510名大学生进行问卷调查。结果:⑴社会支持与环境、行为、心理两两呈显著正向相关;⑵行为在社会支持与环境和大学生心理之间起到部分中介作用,中介效应显著,中介效应所占比例为55.22%;⑶与生活行为相比,时间管理对大学生行为贡献更大(β=0.75,P<0.001)。结论:社会支持与环境可直接预测大学生心理,亦可通过行为间接影响其心理。提高大学生心理健康水平,应重视大学生对社会支持与环境的感受度和满足感,引导大学生构建良好行为,尤其要树立时间管理意识。     

The Genetics of Obesity: What Have Genetic Studies Told Us About the Environment

Genetic studies have shown that both childhood and adult body mass index are substantially heritable. The evidence for shared family environmental influences is largely absent, even though there are clear indications that secular changes in energy expenditure have brought about a significant increase in the prevalence of obesity. This apparent inconsistency may be explained by the dual phenomena of the near-universality of access to environments that facilitate reductions in energy expenditure (e.g., TV as a recreational pastime), together with heritable individual differences in the response to or utilization of these environments. The impact of changes in nonshared environments on body weight can be estimated from biometrical genetical studies and is found to be both small and relatively short-lived. Genetic and environmental results from longitudinal studies are consistent with what is known about the changing distribution of adiposity during adulthood and clinical experience of the difficulty of maintaining behavioral-induced weight loss.