医学临床实验室环境细菌污染调查分析

目的调查本院临床实验室工作环境的卫生状况,使实验室工作人员应用《消毒技术规范》对环境清洁与消毒。方法采用回顾性分析的方法,对2007年本院临床实验室不同区域的空气、物体表面、消毒液、工作人员手等标本按《医院消毒卫生标准》要求监测的结果进行分析。结果984例监测标本545例超过标准,占55．39％;超标率最高为离心机,占88．89％、电话机占83．33％、其次为工作人员手占73．96％;临床体液实验室超标率最高,占65．15％、微生物实验室最低,占32．58％;菌株检出类别依次为革兰阳性球菌占45．19％,革兰阴性杆菌占29．79％（其中肠杆菌科占21．99％）,革兰阳性杆菌占14．49％,酵母样真菌占10．53％;从物体表面、工作人员手中分离出金黄色葡萄球菌67株、铜绿假单胞菌246株。结论本院临床实验室环境中的离心机和电话机的表面污染率最高,工作人员手污染严重。金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌存在于实验室中。实验室工作人员坚持日常清洁与消毒工作是环境保洁的重要环节,坚持手卫生是“标准预防”的重要措施。     

Potential impact of WTAP and YTHDF2 on tumor immunity in lung adenocarcinoma

WTAP and N6-methyladenosine (m6A) reader proteins (YTHDF2) are N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methyltransferase and m6A reading proteins, respectively. In recent years, the tumor immune environment has received more and more attention in the progress and treatment of cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methyltransferase (WTAP)/YTHDF2 and the immunological characteristics of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Based on the expression of WTAP and YTHDF2 in the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) and gene expression omnibus (GEO) database, LUAD patients were divided into 2 clusters by coherently clustering method, and performed gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) to identify the functional differences. Immunoinvasion analysis was performed using ESTIMATE, CIBERSORT, and single-sample GSEA (ssGSEA), and expression of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targets was assessed, while tumor mutation burden (TMB) was calculated in tumor samples. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to identify the genes related to both WTAP/YTHDF2 expression and immunity. The immunological characteristics between the 2 clusters were externally verified based on {"type":"entrez-geo","attrs":{"text":"GSE39582","term_id":"39582"}}GSE39582. The expression of WTAP was higher in cluster 1 and YTHDF2 was lower, but it was opposite in cluster 2. Cluster 1 had stronger immune infiltration, more ICIs target expression, more TMB. In addition, WGCNA identified 22 genes associated with WTAP/YTHDF2 expression and immune score, including TIM3 (HAVCR2) and CD86. WTAP and YTHDF2 influence immune contexture and may be novel prognostic and druggable targets associated with the immune system of LUAD.     

Resistance of 3D-Printed Components,Test Specimens and Products to Work under Environmental Conditions—Review

The development of additive manufacturing methods known as “3D printing” started in the 1980s. In these methods, spatial models are created from a semi-finished product such as a powder, filament or liquid. The model is most often created in layers, which are created from the semi-finished product, which is most often subjected to thermal treatment or using light or ultraviolet rays. The technology of additive manufacturing has both advantages and disadvantages when compared to the traditionally used methods of processing thermoplastic materials, such as, for example, injection or extrusion. The most important advantages are low cost, flexibility and speed of manufacturing of elements with different spatial shapes. From the point of view of the user of the product, the most important disadvantages are the lower mechanical properties and lower resistance to environmental factors that occur during the use of the manufactured products. The purpose of this review is to present current information and a compilation of features in the field of research on the effects of the interactions of different types of environments on the mechanical properties of 3D-manufactured thermoplastic products. Changes in the structure and mechanical properties of the material under the influence of factors such as humidity, salt, temperature, UV rays, gasoline and the environment of the human body are presented. The presented article enables the effects of environmental conditions on common materials used in 3D printing technology to be collated in one place.     

Corrosion Behavior of High-Strength C71500 Copper-Nickel Alloy in Simulated Seawater with High Concentration of Sulfide

The corrosion behavior of high-strength {"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"C71500","term_id":"2442025"}}C71500 copper-nickel alloy in high concentrations of sulfide-polluted seawater was studied by potentiodynamic polarization measurements, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), immersion testing, and combined with SEM, EDS, XPS, and XRD surface analysis methods. The results showed that the {"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"C71500","term_id":"2442025"}}C71500 alloy shows activation polarization during the entire corrosion process, the corrosion rate is much higher (0.15 mm/a) at the initial stage of immersion, and the appearance of diffusion limitation by corrosion product formation was in line with the appearance of a Warburg element in the EIS fitting after 24 h of immersion. As the corrosion process progressed, the formed dark-brown corrosion product film had a certain protective effect preventing the alloy from corrosion, and the corrosion rate gradually decreased. After 168 h of immersion, the corrosion rate stabilized at about 0.09 mm/a. The alloy was uniformly corroded, and the corrosion products were mainly composed of Cu₂S, CuS, Cu₂(OH)₃Cl, Mn₂O₃, Mn₂O, MnS₂, FeO(OH), etc. The content of Cu₂S gradually increased with the extension of immersion time. The addition of S²⁻ caused a large amount of dissolution of Fe and Ni, and prevented the simultaneous formation of a more protective Cu₂O film, which promoted the corrosion process to some extent.     

杜仲苷对炎性环境下软骨细胞的增殖和Ⅱ型胶原蛋白分泌的影响

目的：观察杜仲苷对IL-1β刺激大鼠体外软骨细胞的增殖及Ⅱ型胶原蛋白分泌的影响。方法：利用IL-1β刺激建立体外大鼠软骨细胞炎性模型,实验分为空白组、IL-1β组、10μM杜仲苷组、100μM杜仲苷组、500μM杜仲苷组、1000μM杜仲苷组;空白组加入10%FBS培养液,IL-1β组加入10ng/mL IL-1β＋10%FBS培养液,4个不同浓度杜仲苷组分别加入10μM、100μM、500μM、1000μM杜仲苷＋10ng/mL IL-1β＋10%FBS培养液,分别培养48小时,采用CCK8检测软骨细胞增殖活力及Ⅱ型胶原蛋白的分泌。结果：IL-1β组的OD值低于空白组（P〈0.05）;4个不同浓度杜仲苷组的OD值均高于IL-1β组（P〈0.05）,且存在一定的量效关系;4个不同浓度杜仲苷组的Ⅱ型胶原蛋白表达均高于IL-1β组（P〈0.05）,且存在有一定的量效关系。结论：杜仲苷可以提高体外大鼠软骨细胞炎性环境下的增殖活力,促进Ⅱ型胶原蛋白的分泌,表明杜仲苷对体外大鼠软骨细胞有一定的抗炎保护作用。     

中药原生态种植研究

中药原生态种植是一种生态的种植模式,具有一定的安全性、地域性、效益性等基本特征,是我国中医药事业和天然药物产业健康发展的必由之路。中药原生态种植对于提高栽培药材质量,改善生态环境,保证中药资源的可持续利用,实现人与自然和谐共处有着巨大而深远的意义。     

海洛因依赖者的家庭环境与家庭功能及其相关因素分析

目的：探讨海洛因依赖者的家庭环境与家庭功能及其相关因素,以防止海洛因依赖的形成及降低复吸率.方法：采用家庭环境量表及家庭功能量表对78名海洛因依赖者问卷式调查,并与71名正常人比较.采用SPSS 11.0软件包建立数据库和数据处理,用成组设计的t检验或成组设计的秩和检验（Mann-Whitney Test）进行两组间差异的比较,用1ogistic回归分析方法进行多因素分析.结果：家庭环境量表中海洛因依赖者亲密度、情感表达评分低于对照组（P＜0.05）,控制性评分高于正常人（P＜0.05）,家庭功能量表中,问题解决、沟通、角色、情感反应、情感介入、行为控制及总的功能等各因子评分均高于非海洛因依赖者（P＜0.05）.在家庭环境量表中亲密度（OR=0.65,95%CI：0.48-0.89）、情感表达评分（OR=0.71,95%CI：0.51-0.99）是海洛因依赖的保护因素;控制性评分（OR=1.42,95%CI：1.06-1.89）和家庭功能量表中的总的功能评分（OR=12.11,95%CI：2.33-62.99）是海洛因依赖的危险因素.结论：应消除和矫正各种家庭不良因素,改善家庭关系,从而预防海洛因依赖的形成及巩固戒毒疗效.     

Time-Dependent Seismic Performance of Coastal Bridges Reinforced with Hybrid FRP and Steel Bars

To increase the durability and seismic resilience of coastal bridges, a hybrid reinforced concrete (HRC) bridge that incorporates both glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) bars and steel bars is proposed. The time-dependent seismic performance of the HRC bridge is comprehensively investigated at three levels, namely the material, bridge column and bridge structure levels. First, the decrease of tensile strength of GFRP bars over time is analyzed based on the Arrhenius theory, and corrosion initiation time and performance deterioration of steel bars are determined by Fick’s second law and an empirical formula. Second, an efficient finite element modeling method for aging HRC bridge columns is proposed. Simulation of the compression/tension behavior and the fracture failure of the GFRP bar is described. Hysteretic analysis is further conducted to investigate the time-dependent energy dissipation, ductility, residual displacement, bearing capacity and post-yield stiffness ratio. Meanwhile, comparisons of HRC bridge columns to reinforced concrete (RC) references are provided. Third, the seismic demand and damage evolution of deteriorated HRC bridge structures are investigated through dynamic time-history analysis. The results indicate that the corrosion-resistant GFRP bars contribute to improving the bearing capacity and to reducing the residual displacement of the HRC bridge. With an increase in service time, the seismic damage to the bridge column, abutment and expansion bearing increases, but the damage to fixed bearing decreases. Research results presented herein show that the HRC bridge is a promising alternative structure scheme in the marine environment.     

The dopamine D2 receptor gene, perceived parental support, and adolescent loneliness: longitudinal evidence for gene-environment interactions

Background: Loneliness is a common problem in adolescence. Earlier research focused on genes within the serotonin and oxytocin systems, but no studies have examined the role of dopamine‐related genes in loneliness. In the present study, we focused on the dopamine D2 receptor gene (DRD2). Methods: Associations among the DRD2, sex, parental support, and loneliness were examined in a longitudinal study spanning five annual waves (N = 307). Results: Using Latent Growth Curve Modeling, DRD2 genotype was not directly related to loneliness. Interactions were found between parental support and DRD2 genotype, showing that adolescents with the A2A2 genotype who perceived little support from their parents had the highest baseline levels of loneliness. Adolescents with an A1 allele were not susceptible to the rewarding effect of parental support. Conclusions: The present study is the first to examine the role of the DRD2 genotype in loneliness. Our results contribute to a further understanding of the environmental and genetic basis of loneliness in adolescence.     

干热环境下猪腹部火器伤的细菌学特点

目的观察沙漠干热环境下猪腹部火器伤后体温变化及伤道、血液中的细菌学特征,为战时创伤救治提供理论依据。方法沙漠干热组和常温组各42头长白仔猪,均随机等分为对照组、伤后1h、2h、4h、8h、12h和24h共7个亚组,实验各组建立猪腹部肠管火器伤模型后,测量其在相应时间点的体温,并进行伤道周围组织和分泌物细菌的定量和定性分析,以及血液的细菌培养及菌群分析。结果实验各组动物体温逐渐升高,沙漠干热组中伤后4h体温已达(40.7±1.3)℃,常温组中伤后12h体温方达(40.0±0.5)℃。沙漠干热组中伤后4h伤道的每克组织细菌数为(4.39±0.51)×105,常温组中伤后8h伤道的每克组织细菌数为(5.93±0.78)×105,达到感染的临界值。各组弹道分泌物中均有表面菌群,沙漠干热组和常温组分别于伤后2h组和4h组开始可检测到肠道菌群;沙漠干热组和常温组分别于伤后2h组和4h组开始血液的细菌培养阳性,可检测到表面菌群和肠道菌群。结论沙漠干热环境条件下腹部肠管火器伤后体温升高明显,细菌繁殖快、容易入血,应尽早合理地清创和使用广谱抗生素。