Balloon Venoplasty for Liver Failure Due to Stenosis of the Left Hepatic Vein After Right Tri-Segmentectomy

A 41-year-old male patient with hepatitis B underwent right tri-segmentectomy and total caudate lobectomy for a huge hepatocellular carcinoma associated with complete occlusion of the inferior vena cava with thrombosis of the infrahepatic inferior vena cava due to tumor compression. Five months later, he was readmitted for ascites and hyperbilirubinemia. Venography revealed stenosis and tortuosity of the left hepatic vein and the inferior vena cava, for which balloon angioplasty of the left hepatic vein and the inferior vena cava was performed using an 8-mm and 10-mm balloon, respectively. The left hepatic venous pressure decreased from 65 mmHg to 25 mmHg after dilatation. The patient made a satisfactory recovery thereafter and remains well with normal liver functions and without ascites. Balloon angioplasty may be useful for liver failure due to hepatic vein stenosis after hepatic resection.     

Fluoroscopic balloon dilatation for caustic esophageal stricture in children: An 8-year experience

Purpose

Esophageal balloon dilatation (EBD), when performed early and correctly, can efficiently treat caustic esophageal stricture (ES). Herein, we present 8 years of experience treating caustic ES, and discuss the technique as well as the complications.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 38 children in whom we performed fluoroscopic EBD under general anesthesia for caustic ES between November 2004 and November 2012 in our hospitals. The patients were grouped into the early dilatation group, who began EBD earlier (mean, 15 days) after caustic ingestion, and the late dilatation group who was referred later (mean, 34 days) for EBD by other centers. The ESs were classified into short and long strictures. Balloon size was increased gradually to a sufficient diameter over consecutive sessions. Characteristics of patients and ES, details of the EBD, and treatment results were analyzed.

Results

A total of 369 EBD sessions were successfully performed in 38 children (aged 14 months to 14 years, median 3.5 years). In six patients, EBD treatments are continuing, one patient was lost to follow up, one patient who received a stent was excluded, and three returned to their previous centers. The remaining 27 patients were treated successfully by repeated EBD treatments. Nevertheless, in the early dilatation group (n = 16), EBD treatment was significantly faster and shorter than that in the late dilatation group (n = 11). In addition, the short stricture treatment was also of significantly shorter duration than the long stricture treatment. Six (1.6%) esophageal perforations occurred in five patients (13.2%); all were treated conservatively. There was no mortality.

Conclusions

For treatment of caustic ES, fluoroscopically guided EBD is safe and has a low rate of complications as well as a 100% success rate. However, it should be begun earlier, and in children, should be performed gently with balloons of gradually increasing appropriate diameters over consecutive sessions.     

Intra‐Aortic Balloon Shape Change: Effects on Volume Displacement During Inflation and Deflation

It has been observed that operating the intra‐aortic balloon at an angle to the horizontal resulted in a reduction of the volume displaced toward the coronary arteries and compromised afterload reduction. Therefore, the aim of this work is to examine whether changing the current balloon shape, which has not been altered for 40 years, could compensate for the negative hemodynamic effects due to angulation. We tested two tapered balloons, increasing diameter (TID) and decreasing diameter (TDD), and compared the results with those obtained from a standard cylindrical balloon. The balloons were tested in vitro at 60 beats/min and a static pressure of 90 mm Hg. The balloons were operated at four angles (0°, 20°, 30°, 45°), and the pressure at three locations along the balloon (base, middle, and tip) was also measured. Flow rate upstream of the tip of the balloon was also measured to indicate the flow displaced toward the coronary circulation. The relative volume displaced toward (VUTVi) and suctioned away from (VUTVd) the simulated ascending aorta, during inflation and deflation, respectively, is reduced when a standard cylindrical balloon is operated at an angle to the horizontal. The TDD provided the greatest VUTVi and also produced the largest pulse pressure during deflation. Although the TID provided less VUTVi and VUTVd at smaller angles, it was not markedly affected by the change of angle. According to these results, different balloon shapes analyzed, with comparable volume to that of a cylindrical balloon, produced greater inflation and deflation benefits, at the horizontal and at a range of angles to the horizontal. Further investigations are required to optimize the shape of the tapered balloons to fit into the available physiological space.     

超声电导经皮治疗联合氟比洛芬酯在椎体后凸成形术后急性疼痛中的应用

目的探讨超声电导经皮治疗联合氟比洛芬酯注射液在椎体后凸成形术后急性疼痛中的应用效果。方法选取2008年1月至2011年5月在我院行椎体后凸成形术后急性疼痛的患者60例,随机分为超声电导组(A组)、氟比洛芬酯组(B组)以及超声电导联合氟比洛芬酯组(C组)各20例。A组予以超声电导经皮治疗30min;B组予以氟比洛芬酯注射液静推50mg;C组予以超声电导经皮治疗联合氟比洛芬酯,方法同A、B组;均于术后急性疼痛6h内完成。对患者治疗前、治疗后的疼痛症状按视觉模拟评分法(VAS)进行评分及临床观察。结果 3组术后急性疼痛都得到不同程度的缓解。按VAS对3组患者进行评分,C组较A、B组改善更加明显(P<0.01);3组均未发生不良反应。结论超声电导靶向给药、氟比洛芬酯对椎体后凸成形术后急性疼痛都有效,但是二者联合应用的止痛效果更佳,疗效确切,值得临床应用推广。     

经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折围手术期并发症分析

目的:分析经皮球囊椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折的围手术期并发症的发生情况。方法:收集2009年6月至2011年12月采用PKP方法治疗椎体压缩性骨折患者63例,其中男18例,女45例,年龄62～91岁,平均75.3岁。所有患者为外伤后腰背部严重疼痛,行走受限,但均无神经症状及体征。影像学检查(X线和MRI)证实为骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折。合并症:骨质疏松63例,高血压37例,冠心病10例,贫血29例,糖尿病26例,慢阻肺11例,胃炎及消化性溃疡8例。回顾总结分析其围手术期并发症发生情况。结果:在63例患者中,手术前并发症9例(14.3%),术中及术后并发症17例(26.9%)。其中手术前并发症包括:坠积性肺炎1例,电解质紊乱2例,尿路感染2例,中度贫血2例,电解质紊乱合并中度贫血1例,坠积性肺炎合并神智淡漠、谵妄1例。术中及术后并发症中,骨水泥相关并发症9例(14.3%),其中2例患者出现骨水泥毒性反应,7例发生骨水泥渗漏(2例出现相关临床症状);非骨水泥相关并发症3例(4.76%),穿刺局部血肿1例,一过性神经损伤1例,术后左侧肋间神经痛1例;所有患者中,共有5例患者(7.93%)术后出现一过性的痛觉过敏。所有并发症经积极处理后均未导致严重后果。结论:PKP治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折的围手术期并发症并不少见,经积极处理一般无严重后果,应重视围手术期并发症的预防和处理。     

经皮椎体成形及后凸成形术对临近椎间盘退变影响的回顾性分析研究

[目的]探讨经皮椎体成形术(percutaneous vertebroplasty,PVP)和后凸成形术(percutaneous kyphoplasty,PKP)对临近椎间盘退变的可能影响及其程度。[方法]收集2009年6月～2011年2月济宁医学院附属医院脊柱外科收治的胸腰椎骨质疏松压缩骨折患者共146例,其中纳入本研究的具有完整随访资料患者85例,又按治疗方案的不同,分为保守治疗组20例、PVP组42例、PKP组23例,采集入院时、入院后3 d、出院后12个月、出院后24个月的VAS评分(visual analogue scale/score,视觉模拟评分法)、ODI评分(the Oswestry disability index,Oswestry功能障碍指数)和入院时、出院后12个月、出院后24个月的椎间盘指数和MRI指数,将所有数据资料进行归纳、汇总,应用SPSS 17.0统计软件行数据分析。[结果]PVP组和PKP组均能早期、有效地缓解疼痛、减少卧床时间、治疗满意度高,但出院后24个月的VAS评分和ODI评分分析,PVP组和PKP组无统计学差异(P>0.05)。在出院后24个月的椎间盘指数及MRI指数的比较中发现,PVP组和PKP组较保守治疗组均具有统计学差异(P<0.05),PVP组和PKP组较术前均具有统计学差异(P<0.05),且PKP组较PVP组具有统计学差异(P<0.05)。[结论]PVP和PKP均可加速相邻椎间盘退变,且后者影响更为显著。     

球囊辅助介入栓塞硬脑膜动静脉瘘

目的 应用球囊辅助Onyx胶介入栓塞硬脑膜动静脉瘘,分析球囊辅助栓塞的意义和效果.方法 回顾性分析6例球囊辅助Onyx胶介入栓塞的硬脑膜动静脉瘘患者,总结临床表现,血管造影特点,血管内治疗方案及临床疗效.结果 6例患者中4例表现为皮层静脉返流.在球囊辅助下,5例经动脉入路栓塞,1例经静脉入路栓塞.4例患者球囊用于保护颈内动脉,1例用于保护椎动脉,1例用于脑膜中动脉防止Onyx胶返流并降低瘘口流速.术后血管造影示4例完全栓塞,2例部分栓塞.1例出现栓塞相关的暂时性面神经麻痹.结论 应用球囊辅助Onyx胶介入栓塞治疗颈内颈外动脉共同供血的硬脑膜动静脉瘘,能够有效地保护颅内动脉.在供血动脉中充盈球囊能够有效防止Onyx胶返流并降低瘘口流速.     

单侧经皮后凸成形术治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折治疗体会

目的分析单侧经皮椎体后凸成形术(PKP)治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折(OVCF)的临床疗效。方法 2015年1月—2017年12月西南医科大学附属中医医院采用PKP治疗老年OVCF患者共113例,其中男性41例,女性72例;年龄70～97岁,平均75. 1岁。患者均行单侧穿刺。通过X线比较术前、术后椎体前缘、中部高度以及后凸Cobb角了解评估手术情况;通过术前、术后3d及末次随访的VAS、Oswe-stry功能障碍指数(ODI)评分系统评估临床疗效。通过术后及随访X线片、CT了解是否存在骨水泥渗漏及邻近节段再次骨折。结果患者获得随访6～24个月,平均12. 6个月。术后3d及末次随访时VAS、ODI评分、椎体前缘和中部高度以及后凸Cobb角与术前比较差异均有统计学意义(P <0. 05)。术后骨水泥渗漏4. 42%(5/113),邻近椎体再骨折发生率为2. 65%(3/113)。患者术前VAS、ODI评分、椎体前缘和中部高度以及后凸Cobb角分别为:(8. 95±0. 82)分、(85. 18±2. 99)分、(14. 33±1. 36) mm、(17. 26±1. 42) mm、(30. 55±4. 57)°,术后3d及末次随访VAS评分分别为:(3. 92±0. 79)分、(2. 11±0. 82)分,ODI评分分别为:(35. 32±5. 43)分、(32. 19±5. 33)分,椎体前缘分别为:(22. 19±1. 77) mm、(21. 15±1. 57) mm,椎体中部高度分别为:(23. 05±1. 28) mm、(22. 25±1. 18) mm,Cobb角分别为:(14. 69±3. 83)°、(15. 27±4. 36)°,术后3d及末次随访与术前相比各项指标差异均有统计学意义(P <0. 05),术后3d与末次随访的各项指标对比差异均无统计学意义(P> 0. 05)。结论单侧PKP手术治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折能够快速恢复椎体高度,缓解背部疼痛,改善后凸畸形,减少患者卧床时间,进而进行正常日常生活。     

冠脉导丝联合球囊在处理冠脉介入桡动脉痉挛时的应用价值

目的 探讨应用冠脉导丝联合球囊在处理冠脉介入桡动脉痉挛时的有效性及安全性.方法 将经桡动脉入径行冠脉造影或冠脉介入治疗术发生桡动脉痉挛的患者,按照随机数字表法于两种不同处理策略中随机采用一种处理策略,共计60例.导丝联合球囊组(WAB组,n=28)采用冠脉导丝联合球囊的方法处理桡动脉痉挛,完成经桡动脉入径的冠脉造影或冠脉介入治疗;药物组(Drug组,n=32)采用沿鞘管侧或造影导管、指引导管中注入硝酸甘油200μg,等待5 min后再次行桡动脉入径行冠脉造影或冠脉介入治疗,观察两组经桡动脉入径行冠脉造影或冠脉介入治疗的成功率及并发症.结果 (1)WAB组重度痉挛占71.4%,弥散痉挛占42.9%;Drug组重度痉挛占68.8%,弥散痉挛占40.6%;两组痉挛严重及弥散程度比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).(2)WAB组在冠脉导丝联合球囊指引下操作5F造影导管或6F指引导管通过痉挛部位,完成冠脉造影或冠脉介入治疗的成功率达92.9%,Drug组完成冠脉造影或冠脉介入治疗成功率为68.5%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).(3)WAB组出现血管并发症2例(7.1%);Drug组出现血管并发症3例(9.4%),两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 冠脉造影或冠脉介入治疗发生桡动脉痉挛时,可尝试冠脉导丝联合球囊的方法辅助导管通过痉挛部位,以完成冠脉造影或冠脉介入治疗.该方法安全可行,尤其适合无其它血管路径可替代的患者.