Decision support for tendon tissue engineering

The aim of this study is to provide decision support with artificial intelligence for tendon tissue engineering strategies. The experimental data of tissue-engineered tendons were integrated and standardized with a centralized database, and a decision support system was developed using both artificial neural networks and decision trees. The decision support system was trained with existing cases in the database, and then was used to generate tissue engineering schemes for new experimental animals. Following the schemes generated by the artificial intelligent system, we cured 28 of the 30 experimental animals. In conclusion, artificial intelligence is a powerful method for decision support in the tendon tissue engineering realm.     

心脏介入药物涂层球囊临床使用合理性评价及干预研究

目的对某三级医院心脏介入药物涂层球囊的临床使用情况进行分析，评价其临床使用合理性。方法参考HB-HTA评价维度，从安全性、有效性、经济性3个方面制定评价指标体系，通过与药物洗脱支架进行对比，评价药物涂层球囊临床使用合理性，并将评价结果应用于管理决策。结果该药物涂层球囊临床使用有效性与药物洗脱支架基本一致，经济性具有一定优势，但在安全性方面有71.1％的病例存在未按说明书使用情况。制定改进措施并实施后，药物涂层球囊未按说明书使用病例比例由69%降为0%，同时患者人均药物涂层球囊费用由23 203.1元降至20 350.0元。结论医院开展医用耗材临床合理使用管理工作时，可参考HB-HTA模式，建立临床使用合理性评价指标体系，并进行定期评价，为管理决策提供依据，以提升医院耗材管理水平。     

Oclusión temporal con balón de las arterias hipogástricas en una paciente con acretismo placentario

Placenta accreta spectrum is an abnormal placentation that results in an increase in maternal morbidity and mortality, which mostly occurs due to severe haemorrhage. We present the case of a patient diagnosed prenatally with placenta accreta spectrum, premature rupture of membranes and bleeding, who was managed by a multidisciplinary team. Temporary bilateral hypogastric balloon occlusion was placed before caesarean hysterectomy, with good results for the mother.     

Studying the non-uniform expansion of a stent influenced by the balloon

Non-uniform expansion of cardiovascular stents, which exists widely in experiments, has a large influence on stent safety, but has seldom been studied in depth until now. In this paper we use a folded balloon with friction to expand a stent through finite element method (FEM), and study how this influences non-uniform expansion of the stent. The simulations were carried out using ABAQUES software. The results show that the stent expands non-uniformly only when the fold and friction are considered together in the FEM model. The extent of non-uniformity during expansion increases with rising friction coefficient values; with the same friction coefficient but different stent locations on the balloon the extent of non-uniform deformation is different. On the other hand, compared to a tri-folded balloon, a six-folded balloon clearly decreases the expansive non-uniformity, which means that by increasing the number of the folded parts of balloon the stent expands more uniformly.     

镶嵌技术与传统Ⅰ期根治手术治疗3个月龄内主动脉缩窄合并室间隔缺损

目的 探讨3个月龄内小婴儿主动脉缩窄合并室间隔缺损的手术方法,分析比较镶嵌手术技术(Hybrid)的纠治效果.方法 回顾性研究2004年1月至2011年8月于复旦大学附属儿科医院Ⅰ期纠治主动脉缩窄合并室间隔缺损的3个月龄内的小婴儿,排除严重主动脉弓发育不良,排除合并右心室双出口,完全性房室间隔缺损,完全性大动脉转位等复杂心内畸形的病例;共有75例患儿纳入了本研究巾,其中男57例,女18例,年龄9～91 d,平均(47.1±23.5)d,体重1.9～6.5 kg,平均(3.9±1.1) kg;体外循环时间31～161 min,平均(74.7±33.4) min,主动脉阻断时间10～61 min,平均(34.0±12.1)min.按照不同的手术方式分为三组,A组应用正巾切口完成心内纠治术,共45例,B组采用正中切口修补室间隔缺损联合左侧侧胸切口纠治主动脉缩窄,共16例,C组应用心导管球囊扩张纠治主动脉缩窄结合心脏直视手术修补室间隔缺损的Hybrid技术,共14例.结果 A组早期死亡2例,因喉返神经损伤引起声音嘶哑7例,其巾伴呛奶症状3例,随访1个月至7年,因主动脉再缩窄而干预的有4例,1例于侧胸切口进行狭窄段切除,端端吻合,余3例在心导管下球囊扩张,术后随访主动脉弓均无压差.B组无早期死亡,出现声音嘶哑1例,再缩窄2例,均在心导管下球囊扩张成功.C组无早期死亡,无声音嘶哑,Hybrid手术在主动脉阻断时间、体外循环时间、机械通气时间、ICU滞留时间上较手术组明显减少(P＜0.05),随访1个月至2.5年,1例在半年后因主动脉再缩窄于左侧侧胸切口行缩窄段切除,端端吻合,1例压差在30mmHg,余随访心超测得压差在20mmHg以内,未发现假性动脉瘤.结论 Hybrid手术在3个月龄以内的主动脉弓缩窄伴有室间隔缺损的纠治中取得了良好的效果,可减少术后恢复时间,特别在重症患儿中可降低手术病死率,早中期再缩窄率可以接受,但仍需长期随访.     

经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗疼痛性椎体血管瘤

目的 探讨经皮椎体后凸成形术(percutaneous kyphoplasty,PKP)治疗疼痛性椎体血管瘤的临床疗效。方法 搜集2008年01月-2017年04月苏州大学附属第一医院骨科行PKP治疗的疼痛性椎体血管瘤(vertebral hemangioma, VH)患者资料。本组32例中男7例、女25例,年龄平均61.3±12.8岁(32-92岁)；血管瘤位于胸椎20例、腰椎9例、胸椎合并腰椎多发者3例,共累计36个椎体,其中2个椎体血管瘤合并椎体压缩骨折。应用视觉模拟评分(visual analogs scales, VAS)评估患者疼痛情况,用Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)量表评估患者生活质量,并记录术后并发症。结果 32例患者共计36个血管瘤椎体均顺利完成手术,其中双侧穿刺30个椎体,单侧穿刺6个椎体。所有患者完成随访,平均14.69±4.91月(7-26个月)。VAS评分术前5.63±1.52,术后24h为1.31±1.06,与术前相比有显著统计学差异(p<0.05),术后1月0.88±0.82,末次随访0.69±0.58；ODI评分术前(61.09±18.95)%,术后24h(21.72±10.57)%,与术前相比有显著统计学差异(p<0.05),术后1月(12.66±9.10)%,末次随访(9.31±5.60)%。VAS评分与ODI评分均较术前明显下降,且在术后随访中呈递减趋势。术后X线片4例椎体出现椎旁骨水泥漏,无临床症状,无椎管内渗漏。1例患者术后8月因骨质疏松出现临近椎体骨折再次行PKP术,1例92岁患者术后1年自然死亡。术后影像学资料未显示有血管瘤复发。结论：对于无神经压迫、以疼痛为主要症状的椎体血管瘤,椎体后凸成形术具有良好的安全性和治疗效果；合并椎体压缩骨折的血管瘤患者PKP同样有效。     

关节镜辅导下球囊成形术在胫骨平台骨折的临床应用研究

目的：研究关节镜辅导下球囊成形术在胫骨平台骨折的临床应用效果。方法：选取2011年3月-2013年1月本院收治的50例胫骨平台骨折患者，按随机数字表法将这些患者分为观察组和对照组，每组25例。观察组患者给予关节镜辅导下球囊成形术复位并行小切口钢板固定治疗，对照组患者给予传统切开手术治疗。结果：与对照组比较，观察组的膝关节功能评分明显较高，膝关节间隙宽度明显较窄，膝关节间隙恢复明显较好，骨折愈合时间和住院时间明显较短，治疗优良率明显较高，术后并发症发生率明显较低，上述指标差异均有统计学意义（P＆lt;0.05）。结论：关节镜辅导下球囊成形术在胫骨平台骨折的治疗中能够有效改善患者的膝关节功能，缩短骨折愈合时间和住院时间等，应用效果良好，值得推广。     

Assessment of mitral valve commissural morphology by transoesophageal echocardiography predicts outcome after balloon mitral valvotomy

BackgroundBalloon mitral valvotomy (BMV) is a safe and an effective treatment in patients with symptomatic rheumatic mitral stenosis. This study was conducted to validate the importance of assessing the morphology of mitral valve commissures by transoesophageal echocardiography and thereby predicting the outcome after balloon mitral valvotomy [BMV].Materials and methodsStudy consisted of 100 patients with symptomatic mitral stenosis undergoing BMV. The Commissural Morphology and Wilkins score were assessed by transoesophageal echocardiography. Both the commissures (anterolateral and posteromedial) were scored individually according to whether non-calcified fusion was absent (0), partial (1), or extensive (2) and calcification (score 0) and combined giving an overall commissural score of 0–4. Outcome of BMV was correlated with commissural score and Wilkins score.ResultsThe commissural score and outcome after BMV correlated significantly. 66 of 70 patients (94%) with a commissural score of 3–4 obtained a good outcome compared with only six (20%) patients of 30 with a commissural score of 0–2 (positive and negative predictive accuracy 94% and 80%, respectively, p < 0.001). Increase in 2DMVA post BMV was more in patients with higher commissural score (score of 3–4). Wilkins score <8 usually predicts a good outcome but even in patients with Wilkins score >8 a commissural score >2 predicts a 50% chance of a good result.ConclusionsA higher commissural score predicts a good outcome after BMV hence it can be concluded that along with Wilkins score, commissural morphology and score should be assessed with TOE in patients undergoing BMV.     

Transseptal Catheterization without Needle Puncture

Objective - The aim was to see if probing the fossa ovalis for transseptal puncture during balloon mitral valvuloplasty will reduce time consumed for the procedure. Design - Twenty-five patients had probing of fossa ovalis for left atrial entry (group I). In 30 patients (group II), standard needle puncture was done for left atrial entry. Puncture time and fluoroscopy time were noted and oxymetry was done. Later, a further 60 patients underwent probing of fossa ovalis for validation of the technique. Results     

Technical aspects and access devices for preperitoneal and retroperitoneal endoscopic surgery

The main advantages of preperitoneal and retroperitoneal endoscopic surgery over conventional laparoscopy or open surgery are the decreased risk of injury to organs and reduced postoperative adhesion formation. Exact knowledge of anatomy, as well as correct positioning of the patient, is essential for its success. While a blunt dissection technique, using either the fingers or an endoscope under pneumodissection, is preferred for preperitoneal surgery, the introduction of a balloon dissection device directly into the retroperitoneal cavity simplifies this procedure for retroperitoneoscopy. Different general surgical procedures are described for preperitoneal (hernia) and retroperitoneal (adrenalectomy, neurectomy/ sympathectomy) surgery. Urological/gynaecological procedures (kidney, tumor biopsy, lymphadenectomy) are excluded from this review. In recent years, the number of possible preperitoneal and retroperitoneal surgical procedures has increased, mainly as a result of the development of commercially-available balloon trocars and balloon-tipped trocars, which create and maintain a working space.