经皮球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术的临床应用

目的总结经皮球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术治疗胸腰椎疾病的临床特点和疗效。方法胸腰椎疾病28例,其中男性9例,女性19例;年龄56～84岁,平均年龄65岁;骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折(OVCF)24例,椎体血管瘤(VH)4例。应用经皮球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术进行治疗,观察术后症状改善情况。结果 28例患者手术均顺利完成。患者术后疼痛症状均即刻消失,术后次日即下床活动。术后平均随访10个月,28例患者均恢复发病前生活方式,无疼痛;影像学检查,病椎高度无明显丢失,无并发症发生。结论经皮球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术是治疗胸腰椎疾病安全有效的一种方法。     

Embolisation of both fistulae through the same carotid artery tear in a patient with bilateral traumatic caroticocavernous fistulae

Endovascular treatment of traumatic caroticocavernous fistulae (CCF) may present technical difficulties with specific angiographic dilemmas. We report endovascular techniques used in a patient with bilateral post-traumatic CCF, high-flow on one side, and slow-flow on the other. Complete closure of both was achieved through the same carotid artery tear. To our knowledge, transarterial venous coil embolisation of a low-flow fistula through a contralateral carotid artery tear, with transarterial detachable balloon embolisation of the ipsilateral high-flow fistula has not been described previously.     

球囊辅助介入栓塞硬脑膜动静脉瘘

目的 应用球囊辅助Onyx胶介入栓塞硬脑膜动静脉瘘,分析球囊辅助栓塞的意义和效果.方法 回顾性分析6例球囊辅助Onyx胶介入栓塞的硬脑膜动静脉瘘患者,总结临床表现,血管造影特点,血管内治疗方案及临床疗效.结果 6例患者中4例表现为皮层静脉返流.在球囊辅助下,5例经动脉入路栓塞,1例经静脉入路栓塞.4例患者球囊用于保护颈内动脉,1例用于保护椎动脉,1例用于脑膜中动脉防止Onyx胶返流并降低瘘口流速.术后血管造影示4例完全栓塞,2例部分栓塞.1例出现栓塞相关的暂时性面神经麻痹.结论 应用球囊辅助Onyx胶介入栓塞治疗颈内颈外动脉共同供血的硬脑膜动静脉瘘,能够有效地保护颅内动脉.在供血动脉中充盈球囊能够有效防止Onyx胶返流并降低瘘口流速.     

Postnephrectomy arteriovenous fistula of the renal pedicle treated with detachable balloons: A case report

A case of postnephrectomy arteriovenous fistula of the right renal pedicle is reported here. The diagnosis was confirmed by angiography, and successful treatment was achieved using detachable balloon.     

The pathology of encephalic arteriovenous malformations treated by prior embolotherapy

Summary A pathologic study was undertaken of seven encephalic arteriovenous malformations, including five resected from one to seven days after balloon embolization, one resected 10 days after embolization with polyvinyl alcohol foam (PVA), and a large mesencephalic AVM in a patient who died eight weeks after a series of embolization procedures with PVA and silicone spheres. AVM's resected 6–7 days following balloon embolization showed focal mural and adventitial inflammatory infiltrates and parenchymal (i.e. non-vascular) necrosis of a large portion of one AVM. The AVM examined 7 days post-balloon embolization showed an intraluminal thrombus containing refractile particles surrounded by foreign body giant cells (FBGC's). The AVM removed 10 days after PVA embolotherapy showed mural and perivascular necrosis with infiltration by polymorphonuclear leukocytes. The single autopsy case showed FBGC's surrounding residual PVA, refractile particles deep within vascular walls, and marked mural thickening of AVM channel walls, changes that may represent a response to previous angionecrosis and inflammation at the time of embolization. These findings, the pathogenesis of which is discussed in detail, may help to explain some of the rare complications of iatrogenic embolotherapy with these materials, as well as providing evidence for the basis of their efficacy.Presented in part at the 63rd Annual meeting of the American Association of Neuropathologists, Seattle, Washington, June, 1987     

球囊辅助瘤颈成形术治疗颅内宽颈动脉瘤

目的　总结球囊辅助瘤颈成形术在颅内宽颈动脉瘤治疗中应用的临床体会。方法　采用球囊辅助瘤颈成形术对 18例患者 2 0个颅内宽颈动脉瘤进行栓塞治疗 ,先将微导管超选入动脉瘤内 ,再将不可脱卸球囊于动脉瘤颈处充盈覆盖瘤颈 ,电解可脱卸弹簧圈 (GDC)填塞动脉瘤。结果　 17个动脉瘤治疗成功 ,完全填塞的动脉瘤 12个 ,次全填塞 (>90 % ) 4个 ,不完全填塞 (<90 % ) 1个 ,载瘤动脉均保持通畅 ,平均随访 9.4个月 ,临床效果优良。结论　采用球囊辅助瘤颈成形术治疗颅内宽颈动脉瘤是安全、有效的方法     

Treatment of intracranial atherosclerotic stenoses with balloon dilatation and self-expanding stent deployment (WingSpan)

The endovascular treatment of atherosclerotic intracranial arterial stenoses has previously been based on balloon dilatation or the deployment of a balloon expandable stent. Both methods have advantages (balloon: flexibility; balloon expandable stent: high radial force) and drawbacks (balloon: risk of elastic recoil and dissection; balloon expandable stent: limited flexibility, risk of injury to the vessel due to excessive straightening, overexpansion at ends of stent). A new combination of balloon dilatation, followed by the deployment of a self-expanding microstent has been applied in 15 patients with atherosclerotic arterial stenoses, symptomatic despite medical treatment. An anatomically and clinically adequate result was achieved in all patients. The initial degree of stenosis was 72% (mean). Balloon dilatation resulted in an average residual stenosis of 54% (mean), reduced further to a mean of 38% after stent deployment. Arterial dissection, occlusion of the target artery or symptomatic distal emboli was not encountered. In one patient, a side branch occlusion occurred after dilatation of a M1 stenosis, with complete neurological recovery. All patients were either stable or improved 4 weeks after the treatment. Recurrent TIA did not occur in any patient. Balloon dilatation and subsequent deployment of a self-expandable stent for the treatment of symptomatic intracranial arterial stenoses combines the advantages of both techniques and allows a rapid, clinically effective and technically safe treatment of these frequently challenging lesions.     

可脱球囊栓塞术在海绵窦瘘治疗中的应用 (附 2 7例报告 )

目的　研究微导管可脱球囊技术治疗海绵窦瘘的临床意义。方法 :2 6例外伤性颈内动脉海绵窦瘘 (TCCF)患者和 1例大脑前动脉 (A1段 )动脉瘤破裂合并海绵窦瘘患者采用微导管可脱球囊技术进行栓塞治疗 ,以经颅多普勒 (TCD)进行复查 ,所有患者均随访 6月以上。结果 :2 2例CCF患者均成功栓塞瘘口并保持颈内动脉通畅 ,其中 2 0例为一次栓塞成功 ,2例因球囊过早泄漏而行 2次栓塞治疗。对 1例A1段动脉瘤破裂合并海绵窦瘘患者成功施行了双球囊动脉瘤颈孤立术。 4例行颈内动脉闭塞术。本组病例未发生严重并发症。结论 :微导管可脱球囊技术是对海绵窦瘘的一种微创、安全、有效的治疗方法。     

腔内治疗幼儿Budd-Chiari 综合征1 例并文献分析

目的总结血管腔内治疗I型幼儿布一加综合征（Budd—Chiari syndrome,BCS）的经验,并回顾相关文献。方法对1例BCS患儿行下腔静脉（IVC）造影,根据造影结果选择应用介入方法经皮腔内血管成形术治疗,即用超滑导丝硬头穿过下腔静脉阻塞狭窄部位,进行球囊扩张。结果①球囊扩张操作成功,无并发症发生。术后造影见残余狭窄≤30％,远期疗效有待进一步随访。②近年有关幼儿BCS的报道极少,静脉血管造影为诊断此病的金标准。结论介入治疗具有微创、安全、有效,术后并发症少,恢复快的优点,为治疗Ⅰ型幼儿BCS的首选方法。     

经皮椎体后凸成形术中单侧经椎弓根穿刺角度与骨水泥分布情况的关系

目的 探讨单侧经椎弓根穿刺行经皮脊柱后凸成形术(PKP)时穿刺角度与椎体内骨水泥分布情况的关系.方法 收集采用PKP治疗的骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折(OVCFs)患者112例,病变椎体为T10～L4共147节,术后第2～3天注射椎体行CT扫描,在PACS影像浏览器IE 4.0上根据骨水泥分布情况进行穿刺角度测量.结果 单侧穿刺骨水泥中心分布119节椎体,偏心分布28节椎体.T10骨水泥中心分布时穿刺角度为12.56°～16.23°(14.79°±1.32°),偏心分布时穿刺角度为10.26°～15.71°(12.38°±1.18°);T11～L2单侧穿刺骨水泥中心分布时的穿刺角度为15.24°～26.40°(17.86°±2.10°),偏心分布时穿刺角度为10.38°～14.76°(13.5°±1.15°);L3骨水泥中心分布时穿刺角度为14.69°～22.57°(17.56°±2.05°),穿刺角度在10.58°～16.40°(11.63°±1.27°)时骨水泥呈偏心分布;L4椎体骨水泥中心分布时内倾角度为15.57°～24.60°(18.54°±2.16°),偏心分布时角度为13.24°～17.25°(15.34°±1.21°).结论 掌握适当的内倾角度(15°～20°),单侧穿刺行PKP能够使骨水泥在椎体内中心分布,减少手术时间和风险,临床效果满意.