辽宁省彰武地区人眼前节形态学测量

目的 量化辽宁省彰武地区的人群眼前房深度(ACD)、前房角(CA)和前半晶状体厚度(AHLT)的变异。方法 对彰武地区290名晶状体透明、年龄分布在8～73岁的人进行初步的眼前节形态流行病学研究。在以光照诱发缩瞳的情况下,用Nidek EAS-1000拍照测量CA;在散瞳下,拍照测量ACD和AHLT。结果 随着年龄的增加,ACD变浅、AHLT变厚,而CA变窄。AHLT在男性与女性之间没有明显差异。女性的ACD比男性的浅,CA比男性的窄,在50岁组和60岁组中更为明显。结论在北方国人中,ACD和CA随着年龄的增加而下降,而女性比男性下降更多,在50岁年龄组和60岁年龄组中更为明显。     

单侧可调式枢椎侧方椎弓螺钉定位器的研制

目的　研制一种可调式枢椎椎弓螺钉定位器。方法　在 4例干燥标本和 8例新鲜标本三维重建和钉道模拟的基础上 ,对 5 7例枢椎干燥标本的安全钉道的内倾角、上倾角及进针点进行测量。根据测得的内倾角和上倾角范围确定定位器的可调角度范围 ,并进行制作。结果　 90 %的枢椎侧方椎弓螺钉安全钉道的内倾角在 4 2°～ 2 0 0°之间 ,上倾角在 7 2°～ 2 1 2°之间。研制出的单侧定位器内倾角范围 0°～ 2 0 0°,上倾角为 0°～ 30 0° ,可满足绝大多数侧方椎弓螺钉固定的需要。结论　单侧可调式枢椎螺钉定位器能辅助侧方椎弓螺钉固定的定位 ,在内倾角定位方面尤为明显     

Quantitative Evaluation of Gastrocnemius Medialis Stiffness During Passive Stretching Using Shear Wave Elastography in Patients with Parkinson's Disease: A Prospective Preliminary Study

ObjectiveTo prospectively investigate the feasibility of shear wave elastography (SWE) as a new quantitative and objective method for evaluating the stiffness of the gastrocnemius medialis (GM) muscle during passive stretching in patients with Parkinson''s disease (PD).Materials and MethodsSWE of the GM muscle was performed in 28 patients with PD [13 female and 15 male; mean age ± standard deviation (SD): 63.0 ± 8.5 years] and 12 healthy controls (5 female and 7 male; mean age ± SD: 59.3 ± 6.4 years) during passive ankle rotation. A Young''s modulus-ankle angle curve was constructed. The GM slack angle and baseline Young''s modulus (E₀) were compared between the markedly symptomatic and mildly symptomatic sides of patients with PD, and healthy controls. Additionally, the correlation between the GM slack angle and the severity of rigidity, and the observer reproducibility of SWE in determining the GM slack angle were evaluated.ResultsThe GM slack angle was smaller on both the markedly and mildly symptomatic sides in patients with PD than in healthy controls (mean ± SD of −29.13° ± 3.79° and −25.65° ± 3.39°, respectively, vs. −21.22° ± 3.52°; p < 0.001 and p = 0.006, respectively). Additionally, in patients with PD, the GM slack angle on the markedly symptomatic side was smaller than that on the mildly symptomatic side (p = 0.003). The E₀ value was lower on both the markedly and mildly symptomatic sides in patients with PD than in healthy controls (mean ± SD of 10.11 ± 2.85 kPa and 10.08 ± 1.88 kPa, respectively, vs. 12.23 ± 1.02 kPa; p = 0.012 and p < 0.001, respectively). However, no significant difference was found between the markedly and mildly symptomatic sides in patients with PD (p = 0.634). A negative linear relationship was observed between the GM slack angle and lower limb rigidity score on the markedly symptomatic side in patients with PD (r = −0.719; p < 0.001). The intraclass correlation coefficients for observer reproducibility of SWE ranged from 0.880 to 0.951.ConclusionThe slack angle determined by SWE may be a useful quantitative and reproducible method for evaluating muscle stiffness in patients with PD.     

Laser texturing of a St. Jude Medical RegentTM mechanical heart valve prosthesis: the proof of concept

 Open in a separate windowOBJECTIVESThe liquid–solid interactions have attracted broad interest since solid surfaces can either repel or attract fluids, configuring a wide spectrum of wetting states (from superhydrophilicity to superhydrophobicity). Since the blood–artificial surface interaction of bileaflet mechanical heart valves essentially represents a liquid–solid interaction, we analysed the thrombogenicity of mechanical heart valve prostheses from innovative perspectives. The aim of the present study was to modify the surface wettability of standard St. Jude Medical Regent™ occluders.METHODSFour pyrolytic carbon occluders were irradiated by means of ultra-short pulse laser, to create 4 different nanotextures (A–D), the essential prerequisite to achieve superhydrophobicity. The static surface wettability of the occluders was qualified by the contact angle (θ) of 2 µl of purified water, using the sessile drop technique. The angle formed between the liquid–solid and the liquid–vapour interface was the contact angle and was obtained by analysing the droplet images captured by a camera. The morphology of the occluders was characterized and analysed by a scanning electron microscope at different magnifications.RESULTSThe scanning electron microscope analysis of the textures revealed 2 different configurations of the pillars since A and B showed well-rounded shaped tops and C and D flat tops. The measured highest contact angles were comprised between 108.1° and 112.7°, reflecting an improved hydrophobicity of the occluders. All the textures exhibited, to different extents, an orientation (horizontal or vertical), which was strictly related to the observed anisotropy.CONCLUSIONSIn this very early phase of our research, we were able to demonstrate that the intrinsic wettability of pyrolytic carbon occluders can be permanently modified, increasing the water repellency.     

胫骨平台内翻角在预测单纯膝内侧间室骨关节炎患者股骨后髁角中应用的可行性

目的探讨测量胫骨平台内翻角(PTA)预测单纯膝内侧间室骨关节炎患者股骨后髁角(PCA)的可行性。方法回顾性研究。纳入2018年1月—2019年12月哈尔滨医科大学附属第一医院拟行膝关节置换手术的72例单侧单纯膝内侧间室骨关节炎患者的临床资料,其中男7例、女65例,年龄49~80(66.5±14.35)岁,身高155~180(164.3±11.23)cm。72例患者患侧膝均呈内翻畸形,内翻角为10.6°±1.36°。收集患者术前负重位下肢全长X线片与膝关节CT影像资料,在X线片以及冠状位CT图片上测量患者双侧膝关节的PTA、PCA,统计分析患侧、健侧的PTA、PCA差异,采用Pearson相关分析法分别分析患侧、健侧的PTA与PCA之间的相关性。结果72例患者健侧PTA、PCA值分别为3.23°±0.79°、4.64°±1.13°,患侧PTA、PCA值分别为8.39°±1.99°、4.71°±1.15°。健侧PTA明显小于患侧,差异有统计学意义(t=18.916,P<0.01),而健侧与患侧PCA间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。Pearson相关分析结果显示,患侧、健侧PTA和PCA均无相关性(r健侧=0.144、r患侧=0.109,P值均>0.05)。结论对于单纯膝内侧间室骨关节炎患者,健侧与患侧的PCA值比较无明显差异,而PTA值则随内侧间室磨损程度的加重而增大,PCA与PTA之间并不存在明显的相关性。术前测量PTA用于预测PCA的方法不可行。     

基于三维打印及三维数据校正的骨折复原技术在股骨近端骨折治疗中的应用

目的 探讨三维(3D)打印的股骨近端骨折复原模型在术前规划与术中的应用,研究3D数据校正方案临床应用的可行性。方法 纳入2015年10月—2017年9月江苏省溧阳市人民医院骨科47例股骨近端骨折患者,按照左右两侧股骨自身配对方案,采用三层面长短轴对照方法进行前瞻性研究。所有病例行双侧股骨全长的CT扫描,获取DICOM数据,通过Mimics 15.0软件将双侧股骨远端距离膝关节髁间隆突凹5、10、15 cm处分别做3个横截面,记录符号为DF5、DF10、DF15。测量对比左右侧长轴与左右侧短轴。对于Mimics软件中股骨解剖轴线与冠状面和矢状面同时存在夹角的数据,进行3D数据校正。对47例股骨远端的左右侧3个层面(DF5、DF10、DF15)的长短轴(6对)进行数据汇总,通过Mimics 15.0软件生成3D模型的STL文件,打印出实际尺寸的股骨近端骨折模型和健侧股骨近端镜像模型,该镜像模型作为术前演练及手术解剖复位的参考,术中使用预演选取的置入物并术后摄片对比。结果 成对样本的相关系数均＞0.97;左右两侧股骨远端距离髁间隆突5 cm处的右侧短轴(28.20±3.41) mm,左侧短轴(28.54±3.51) mm,差异有统计学意义(t=3.404, P＜0.01),其余5对左右侧差异无统计学意义(P值均＞0.05)。47例患者均进行了手术治疗,术后复查X线,显示置入物选择与螺钉长度与术前设计符合,长度偏差在容许范围,内固定满意。结论 采用“三层面长短轴对照”进行左右股骨对称性判断,偏差小于5%者,术中直接采用镜像模型预演的置入物,固定效果满意,达到了术前规划,术中应用的预期目的。“三维数据校正方案”扩充了“三层面长短轴对照”的数据选取范围,有效避免了因肢体倾斜导致的数据失效问题。     

不同安氏错牙合畸形中切牙Collum角差异性锥形束CT分析

目的　通过锥形束CT（CBCT）影像测量比较成人不同安氏错牙合分类之间上下中切牙Collum角的差异性规律,为预防前牙骨开裂及骨开窗提供指导。方法　根据临床咬合检查分类,筛选2014—2016年就诊于西安交通大学附属口腔医院正畸科患者116例,其中安氏错牙合Ⅰ类30例、Ⅱ类1分类（Ⅱ1类）29例、Ⅱ类2分类（Ⅱ2类）27例、Ⅲ类30例。使用Invivo 5软件对CBCT图像进行三维定位,获得右侧上下中切牙正中矢状截面图,Auto CAD 2007软件测量牙冠长轴根方延长线与牙根长轴的夹角（Collum角,冠根角的补角）,再进行各组之间大小差异性单因素方差分析及Scheffe法多重比较。结果　不同安氏错牙合类型患者之间中切牙Collum角大小差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;安氏Ⅱ2类组上中切牙Collum角为（7.02 ± 1.83）°,显著大于其他错牙合类型;安氏Ⅱ1类下中切牙Collum角为（-2.25 ± 4.76）°,牙冠相对于牙根可偏唇侧,与其他错牙合类型组存在显著性差异;安氏Ⅲ类组下中切牙Collum角（8.15 ± 2.50）°,显著大于其他错牙合类型。结论　不同安氏错牙合类型上下中切牙Collum角差异显著,安氏Ⅱ2类上中切牙、安氏Ⅲ类下中切牙牙冠相对牙根偏舌侧,安氏Ⅱ1类下中切牙牙冠相对牙根偏唇侧,前牙内收或唇倾时应考虑该情况,以防牙根穿出骨皮质。     

矢状化小关节角度与退变性腰椎滑脱间关系的CT影像研究

目的 探讨矢状化小关节角度(FJA)与退变性腰椎滑脱(DLS)之间的关系。方法 回顾性研究。2010年1月—2018年5月首都医科大学宣武医院骨科单节段L_4/5 DLS住院患者89例纳入DLS组,按年龄分为A1、B1两亚组,A1组44例(男14例、女30例),年龄＜65岁;B1组45例(男17例、女28例),年龄≥65岁。对照组100例为同期骨科门诊腰腿痛患者,性别、年龄与DLS组相当,但未见腰椎滑脱者。按年龄分为A2、B2两亚组,A2组54例(男18例、女36例),年龄＜65岁;B2组46例(男15例、女31例),年龄≥65岁。在腰椎CT软组织窗测量各组L_4/5和L_3/4节段FJA,并应用SPSS 22.0统计学软件对患者FJA、小关节不对称(FT)程度和小关节退变分级之间的差异进行组间对比分析。结果 DLS组内,L_3/4节段A1组和B1组FJA分别为54.73°±7.26°和56.60°±6.94°,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);L_4/5节段A1组、B1组FJA分别为58.43°±10.41°和63.28°±6.56°,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。对照组内,L_3/4节段A2和B2组FJA分别52.16°±10.07°和54.66°±8.66°,L_4/5节段A2组、B2组FJA分别为45.36°±7.78°和47.82°±9.65°,差异均无统计学意义(P值均＞0.05)。DLS组与对照组L_3/4、L_4/5节段FJA比较,差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.05)。两组内各亚组间FT比较,L_3/4与L_4/5节段差异均无统计学意义(P值均＞0.05);DLS组与对照组组间FT比较,在L_4/5节段差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),在L_3/4节段差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。在L_4/5节段及L_3/4节段,小关节退变程度DLS组均高于对照组, DLS组内B1组均高于A1组,差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.01);而对照组内两亚组间比较差异均无统计学意义(P值均＞0.05)。结论 DLS患者具有更加矢状化的FJA,这可能是疾病发生发展过程中二次重塑的结果。