三种波长的激光小梁成形术临床疗效比较

目的　对氩激光、倍频Nd：YAG激光、半导体激光小梁成形术的疗效作一前瞻性的评价和比较。方法　随机地将原发性开角型青光眼病人50例84眼分为三个激光组,分别用氩激光、倍频Nd：YAG激光、半导体激光进行小梁成形术,随访三组的有效率。结果　三组各随访期的眼压下降有统计学意义。三组之间的眼压下降数和成功率无差别。结论　三种波长激光都能有效地进行小梁成形术。     

Thermoresponsive Reversible Unimer Micelles of Amphiphilic Fluorinated Copolymers

Amphiphilic fluorinated copolymers PEGMAx-co-FAy and TEGMAx-co-FAy are prepared by activators regenerated by electron transfer atom transfer radical polymerization (ARGET-ATRP). All polymers present a reversible thermoresponsive lower critical solution temperature-type behavior, and a cloud point temperature (T_c) in the range of 30–60 °C strictly dependent on the length of the oxyethylene side chain, the content of the hydrophobic counits, and the concentration of the solution. Combined small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and dynamic light scattering measurements are used to study the self-assembly behavior in water, organic solvents (tetrahydrofuran [THF] and dimethylformamide [DMF]), and a fluorinated solvent (hexafluorobenzene [HFB]). SAXS confirms the formation of compact-globular single-chain self-folded unimer micelles in water below T_c, which generally presents small hydrodynamic diameters (D_h ≤ 8 nm) as a result of the folding of the hydrophobic perfluorohexylethyl acrylate counits. The copolymers are also able to form reverse unimer micelle in HFB. The copolymers are not able to self-assemble in unimer micelles in THF or DMF solutions, in which they adopt conventional random coil conformations.     

Pax-1 in the development of the cervico-occipital transitional zone

The Pax-1 gene has been found to play an important role in the development of the vertebral column. The cervico-occipital transitional zone is a specialized region of the vertebral column, and malformations of this region have frequently been described in humans. The exact embryonic border between head and trunk is a matter of controversy. In order to determine a possible role of Pax-1 in the development of the cervico-occipital transitional zone we studied the expression of this gene in a series of quail embryos and murine fetuses with in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. Pax-1 is expressed in all somites of the embryo, including the first five occipital ones. During embryonic days 3–5 the gene is down-regulated in the caudal direction within the first five somites, whereas more caudally Pax-1 is strongly expressed in the cells of the perinotochordal tube. In 5-day-old quail embryos, the cartilaginous anlage of the basioccipital bone has developed and there is no more expression of Pax-1 in this region. The fusion of the dens axis with the body of the axis also coincides with switching off of the Pax-1 gene. More caudally, the gene is continuously expressed in the intervertebral discs of murine embryos and therefore seems to be important for the process of resegmentation. Quail embryos do not possess permanent intervertebral discs. Hyper- or hyposegmentation defects may be explained by an over- or under-expression of Pax-1 during development. We also reinvestigated the border between the head and trunk in chick embryos by performing homotopical grafting experiments of the 5^th somite between chick and quail embryos. Grafted quail cells formed mainly the caudal end of the basioccipital bone. They were also located in the cranial half of the ventral atlantic arch, and only a few cells were found in the tip of the dens axis.     

内窥镜辅助下显微神经血管减压术治疗 特发性偏侧面肌痉挛

目的为进一步提高神经血管减压术治疗特发性偏侧面肌痉挛的疗效。方法经乙状窦后小骨窗开颅加用内窥镜辅助显微血管减压术治疗特发性偏侧面肌痉挛３５例。结果术后３４例症状消失,１例症状减轻,３５例随访６个月至３年半,术后面肌抽搐消失者３３例,１例症状减轻,１例１年后复发。结论内窥镜可弥补手术显微镜的不足之处,减少组织损伤和判断错误,提高治疗效果。     

应用超声生物显微镜与房角镜检查眼前房角结果的比较

目的 比较应用超声生物显微镜（ｕｌｔｒａｓｏｕｎｄｂｉｏｍｉｃｒｏｓｃｏｐｙ,ＵＢＭ）与房角镜检查眼前房角的结果,为房角镜检查提供新的技术和资料。方法 采用双盲法分别对１０例（２０只眼）的眼前房角进行超声生物显微镜和裂隙灯显微镜房角镜检查。并将两种检查结果进行比较,采用等级相关法对获取的资料和结果进行统计学分析,（取α＝０．０５）。结果,两种检查法在宽房角状态下对房角的检查结果有较好的一致性, 在     

Epidemiological aids to clinical decision making in primary open angle glaucoma

We have described the epidemiological analysis of one aspect of the King's College Hospital computerised data base; namely initial intraocular pressure as an indicator of visual field loss. The methods involved the use of the four-fold table to determine sensitivity and specificity at different pressure levels. From these results (1) the changes in the pre and post test probability of field loss are calculated and (2) a sensitivity/specificity trade off curve or decision curve is constructed. In this way the optimal cut-off level or operating point for a population of specific type and composition can be determined. The factors concerned in decision making are always complex but such an approach allows a rational and quantifiable alternative to reliance on clinical impression and intuition. The results have significance in relation to decisions on the management of patients and on population screening programmes for glaucoma.     

Unusual fractures and dislocations of the axis vertebra

Seven percent of 400 patients with cervical spine fractures and/or dislocations had unusual lesions of the axis. The authors have analyzed axis injuries by review of radiographs and clinical data and have derived a classification of traumatic conditions. Uncommon traumatic axis abnormalities are discussed with reference to incidence, causes, clinical findings, mechanism of injury, and roentgen characteristics.Picker Scholar, James Picker Foundation     

继发性三叉神经痛12例临床分析

目的：探讨桥小脑角占位性病变引起的继发性三叉神经痛的临床特征。方法：回顾分析了12例继发性三叉神经痛患者的临床资料，MRI检查7例为桥小脑角胆脂瘤所致，5例为桥小脑角脑膜瘤所致；均经乙状窦后进路显微手术切除肿瘤。结果：肿瘤切除术后无并发症发生；12例三叉神经痛全部治愈。随访3～18个月，无复发。结论:MRI检查是诊断继发性三叉神经痛的主要依据；乙状窦后进路显微手术是治疗继发性三叉神经痛的首选方法.     

部分迷路切除行小脑桥脑角区手术的临床解剖学测量

目的　为临床上保留半规管功能和听力处理小脑桥脑角区病变提供解剖学资料。方法　在 2 0例40侧国人成人尸头上模拟单纯后半规管切除及后、上半规管切除处理小脑桥脑角区病变 ,对暴露的范围进行解剖测量 ,比较相关数据。结果　岩上窦下缘至颈静脉球顶的垂直线距离为 (15.0 2± 3 .69)mm (7.80～ 2 1.3 0 ) ,乙状窦内侧至内淋巴管起始处的水平距离为 (10 .62± 2 .0 9)mm (6.2 0～ 16.80 ) ,颞骨岩部后硬脑膜至外半规管后壶腹后缘的水平距离为 (6.2 1± 1.78)mm (3 .80～ 10 .10 ) ,至后半规管中点后缘水平距离为 (4.0 7± 1.2 6)mm (2 .10～6.60 )。乙状窦内侧至内听道口后缘中点水平距离为 (19.89± 3 .10 )mm (14 .70～ 2 4.60 ) ,岩骨后硬脑膜至上半规管前壶腹后缘间水平距离为 (12 .60± 2 .73 )mm (8.2 0～ 19.10 )。结论　颞骨径路处理小脑桥脑角区病变同时保留听力和平衡功能是可能的 ,相对而言 ,后上半规管切除比单纯后半规管切除所得的术野大 ,暴露好且操作相对简单 ,不易发生并发症     

桥小脑角占位性病变的临床听力学表现

本文总结了经CT或MRI证实以及部分经手术证实的101例桥小脑角占位性病变的纯音测听，听性脑干反应（ABR），耳蜗电图（ECochG）以及前庭功能的表现。结果显示：ABR多表现为Ⅰ～Ⅴ间或延长（＞45ms），仅Ⅰ波存在或ABR各波均消失。未见波Ⅴ幅度小于波Ⅰ。当肿物较大时，可见时测ABR异常。极重度聋患者（35．5％），仍可引出异常ABR波形，故仍不可忽视ABR检查；听力轻度下降，甚至正常考ABR仍有改变。AP出现率随肿物增大而降低，－SP／AP比值≥0．4，可能是继发性伤及耳蜗所致。5例ABR表现正常者仍有半规管功能低下。提示前庭功能检查对桥小脑均占位性病变的诊断具有一定参考意义，临床应将ECochG和前庭功能检测列为诊断桥小脑角占位性病变的参考指标。