可调式CT扫描多功能头托的设计

结合实际工作及临床经验,设计了一款可调式CT扫描多功能头托。该头托集角度调整及显示装置、头托升降装置及自锁装置为一体,具有一托多用、方便快捷的优点,可解决头颅CT扫描过程中需不断换用不同头托及调整扫描机架角度等繁琐的操作问题,进而在保证良好CT图像质量的前提下节省扫描时间。     

Confirmation that offspring from families with alcohol-dependent individuals have greater hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activation induced by naloxone compared with offspring without a family history of alcohol dependence

BACKGROUND: This study was designed to confirm our previous findings that nonalcoholic offspring from families with alcohol-dependent individuals have greater hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activation induced by opioid blockade compared with nonalcoholic subjects without a family history of alcohol dependence. METHODS: Sixty-four nonalcoholic subjects aged 18 to 25 years were enrolled in the protocol. Twenty-seven subjects were offspring from families with alcohol dependence and were designated as family history-positive subjects (FHP). Thirty-seven subjects were biological offspring of non-alcohol-dependent parents and were designated as family history-negative subjects (FHN). Subjects received naloxone hydrochloride (0, 50, 125, 375, and 500 microg/kg) in double-blind, randomized order; adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) and cortisol were monitored over 120 min. RESULTS: No hormone differences at baseline or during placebo administration were identified between FHP and FHN subjects. FHP subjects had greater ACTH and cortisol response to opioid receptor blockade induced by naloxone hydrochloride compared with FHN subjects. CONCLUSIONS: These observations confirm previous findings that differences in ACTH and cortisol dynamics between FHP and FHN subjects can be unmasked by opioid receptor blockade.     

Effect of anti IL-12/23 on body composition: results of bioelectrical impedance analysis in Caucasian psoriatic patients

Background: Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is an inexpensive, non-invasive and fast method to assess body composition. Little is known of the interaction between anti IL 12/23 treatment and body composition. The aim of this study was to evaluate 6- and 12-month changes in body weight, Body Mass Index (BMI) and body composition assessed by BIA in psoriatic patients treated with anti-IL-12/23.

Research design and methods: Demographic and clinical data were collected for each enrolled patient. Physical examination, anthropometric assessment, Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) assessment and body composition by BIA (single-frequency 50 kHz), were assessed at baseline and at 6 and 12 months of treatment.

Results: A significant decrease in body weight, compared to baseline, in BMI, Fat Mass at month 6 and a significant increase at month 12 for body cellular mass (BCM) and Phase Angle (PhA) were observed. In addition, a significant increase was found for intracellular water.

Conclusion: At baseline, psoriatic patients showed a lower BCM and a lower mean PhA score. During ustekinumab treatment, the mean PhA and BCM scores increased with an improvement in psoriatic disease. Thus, ustekinumab can be an effective drug for improving not only psoriasis but also the general clinical status of patients.     

伤椎椎板植骨结合短节段内固定治疗脊柱胸腰段爆裂骨折的短期随访研究

目的：评价胸腰椎爆裂骨折后路椎弓根钉棒系统内固定术＋伤椎椎板松质型自固化磷酸钙人工骨植骨的短期治疗效果。方法回顾性分析后路椎弓根钉棒系统内固定术＋伤椎椎板植骨方式治疗的26例胸腰椎骨折患者的临床资料。观察术后1周、3个月、6个月、12个月、15个月时伤椎 Cobb 角、伤椎前缘高度、术后疼痛情况的变化。结果患者均获随访。术后1周、3个月、6个月、12个月伤椎 Cobb 角及伤椎前缘高度均明显改善,并且术后疼痛情况明显缓解（P ＜0．01）,但术后15个月时因内固定物已取出,部分患者出现伤椎再次塌陷,并伴随不同程度的后凸畸形从而再次引发腰背痛。结论后路椎弓根钉棒系统内固定术结合伤椎椎板融合增加了伤椎后柱的稳定性,恢复了椎体的高度,加强了伤椎的抗压能力,但内固定取出后部分患者出现伤椎再次塌陷,导致迟发性胸腰背部疼痛等远期并发症的可能性,故临床应考虑多种植骨方式结合来治疗胸腰椎骨折。     

下颌角弧形截骨线的设计与临床意义

目的：为下颌角截骨术设计安全、美观的弧形截骨线。方法将150例（300侧）成人离体下颌骨的下颌管暴露。观测下颌管的走行特点;测量下颌管关键点距下颌缘的距离;观测下颌孔与下牙槽弓的位置关系;依据观测结果设计出符合个性化需求的弧形截骨线。结果下颌管关键点A1、B1、C1、D1、E1距下颌缘的距离分别为（14．02±2．23）mm、（21．06±3．90）mm、（14．08±3．68）mm、（13．60±2．80）mm、（14．55 ± 3．34）mm ,各点的最大截骨宽度分别为（10．05 ± 4．00）mm、（15．06±2．88）mm、（8．08±3．88）mm、（6．09 ± 3．45）mm、（7．06±3．56）mm ;下颌孔与下牙槽弓位于同一平面的概率为96％;截骨线的后端A点不应高于下颌孔平面,3条截骨线的前端C点、D点、E点分别是经下颌支前缘、下颌牙M 2位、下颌牙P4位向下所引垂线与下颌缘的交点。结论下颌角弧形截骨线的设计适应个性化需求,符合解剖学特征和美学要求,具有标志明确、易于操作、安全性高、术后效果好的优点。     

Balance Control and Energetics of Powered Exoskeleton-Assisted Sit-to-Stand Movement in Individuals With Paraplegic Spinal Cord Injury

Objective

To quantify the effects of initial hip angle and angular hip velocity settings of a lower-limb wearable robotic exoskeleton (WRE) on the balance control and mechanical energy requirements in patients with paraplegic spinal cord injuries (SCIs) during WRE-assisted sit-to-stand (STS).

The S Sign: A New Radiographic Tool to Aid in the Diagnosis of Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis

Background

Children with slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) are often seen by an array of medical professionals prior to diagnosis. Patients with mild slips, slips with knee pain, or bilateral slips can occasionally present a diagnostic challenge that increases the risk of a delay in diagnosis and associated complications.

小梁切除联合生物羊膜移植术治疗原发性慢性闭角型青光眼效果分析

目的探讨小梁切除联合生物羊膜移植术对原发性慢性闭角型青光眼患者的临床治疗效果。方法将2009年7月到2013年7月于我院接受治疗的60例(72只眼)原发性慢性闭角型青光眼患者作为研究对象,随机将其分为观察组35例(42只眼)与对照组25例(30只眼),观察组患者采用小梁切除联合生物羊膜移植术,对照组患者采用小梁切除术,对比两组患者的临床治疗效果。结果完全成功:观察组34只眼(80.95%),对照组16只眼(53.33%)(P=0.012),术后视力提高患眼数:观察组26只眼(61.90%),对照组11只眼(36.67)(P=0.035),术后需加用抗青光眼药物的患眼:观察组1只眼(2.38%),对照组6只眼(20.00%)(P=0.018),术后出现并发症的患眼:观察组2只眼(4.76%),对照组7只眼(23.33%)(P=0.029),术后眼压:观察组(16.7±1.5)mmHg,对照组(18.9±2.5)mm Hg(P=0.036)。结论小梁切除联合生物羊膜移植术能提高原发性慢性闭角型青光眼的手术成功率,减少术后并发症。     

超声乳化白内障吸除术治疗闭角型青光眼的临床研究

目的：：研究超声乳化白内障吸除术在临床闭角型青光眼中的应用价值。方法：研究分析本组60例82眼治疗前与治疗后患者的最佳矫正视力、前房深度、眼压、房角宽度以及不良反应等情况。结果：本组60例82眼与治疗前比较,患者治疗后的最佳矫正视力明显得到提高,两者比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);患者治疗前的前房深度为2.0±0.3mm,治疗后的前房深度为4.4±1.0mm,患者治疗后的前房深度与治疗前比较明显提高,两者比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);患者的眼压在术后较长时间内得到有效的控制,与治疗前的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);患者治疗后的房角宽度与治疗前比较明显增加,两者比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);经治疗以后出现5眼角膜轻度水肿,3眼瞳孔散大,1眼虹膜萎缩,无1例患者出现视网膜脱落。结论：超声乳化白内障吸除术治疗闭角型青光眼具有较高的应用价值,可以有效矫正患者的视力,改善患者前房深度与房角宽度,不良反应发生率小。