软骨组织工程种子细胞的基础和应用研究进展

软骨种子细胞的老化和缺乏是限制软骨组织工程在临床应用的瓶颈问题。本文概述了目前对软骨种子细胞研究的两个方面 :扩大种子细胞的来源及预防和延缓种子细胞功能老化 ,并展望软骨组织工程在监床的应用前景。     

耳后皮瓣血管的显微外科解剖学基础

目的:研究颞浅动脉和耳后动脉之间的血管联系,以确定带不同血管蒂的耳后皮瓣的血供范围和皮瓣设计。方法:8具新鲜成人尸体经双侧颈总动脉灌注氧化铅-明胶混合液。掀起全层头皮和面部皮肤,将其展平摄X光片。结果:血管造影显示颞浅动脉和耳后动脉之间存在两种类型的血管吻合:一种是耳后区直接吻合,即在耳廓后面上方皮肤内可见颞浅动脉和耳后动脉发出的耳支之间存在直接吻合;另一种是头皮区网状吻合,即在耳上方头皮内可见来自颞浅动脉顶支和耳后动脉终末支之间的网状吻合。结论:本文结果有助于外科医生了解颞浅动脉和耳后动脉之间的血管联系,对耳后皮瓣的设计和改进提供可靠的解剖学基础。     

Design Characteristics for the Tissue Engineering of Cartilaginous Tissues

Tissues like the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disc and the knee meniscus are often mistakenly viewed as a tantamount to hyaline cartilage, largely due to the absence of a comprehensive understanding of the distinguishing properties of cartilaginous tissues. Because of this confusion, fibrocartilaginous tissue engineering attempts may not be based on suitable experimental designs. Fibrocartilaginous tissues are markedly different than hyaline cartilage; however, the dearth of knowledge related to their cellular and biochemical composition, as well as their biomechanical characteristics, is stunning. Hyaline articular cartilage is exclusively composed of chondrocytes that produce primarily type II collagen, whereas the TMJ disc and the knee meniscus have a mixed cell population of fibroblasts and cells similar to chondrocytes, which predominantly secrete type I collagen. Additionally, fibrocartilaginous tissues have a low glycosaminoglycan content, a low compressive modulus, and a high tensile modulus when compared to hyaline cartilage. Therefore, it is crucial for fibrocartilaginous tissue engineering attempts to be tissue-specific, utilizing the knowledge of the distinct and unique properties of these tissues. At the same time, advances and insights related to the science and engineering aspect of hyaline cartilage regeneration must be carefully considered for the in vitro engineering of fibrocartilaginous tissues.     

兔膝关节软骨下自体骨移植后不同固定时间对软骨的影响

目的：研究兔膝关节软骨下自体骨转移后不同固定时间对关节软骨的影响。方法：健康大耳白兔５４只按术后膝关节不同固定时间随机分为Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ３组。建立膝关节软骨下自体骨移植的动物模型,于术后８周取材,采用光镜、透射电镜对关节软骨进行形态学观察。结果：Ａ组２４％的关节软骨出现退变;Ｂ组１３％的关节软骨出现退变;Ｃ组２０．３％关节软骨出现退变。Ｂ组与Ａ组、Ｃ组相比,有显著性差异。结论：术后合理负重可降低关节软     

鲨鱼软骨制剂对三种细胞系的抑制效应

目的：研究鲨鱼软骨制剂（ＳＣＰ）对人胃癌细胞（ＭＧＣ８０－３）、红白血病细胞Ｋ５６２）、人脐静脉血管内皮细胞（ＶＥＣ３４０）的生长抑制作用,探讨其抗癌作用机制。方法：采用盐酸胍抽提、丙酮分级沉淀、烘干、微孔滤膜过滤等步骤从鲨鱼软骨粉中提取鲨鱼软骨制剂;采用ＭＴＴ法检测不同浓度ＳＣＰ对体外培养的ＭＧＣ８０－３细胞系、Ｋ５６２细胞系和ＶＥＣ３４０细胞系的生长抑制作用。结果：ＳＣＰ明显抑制ＭＧＣ８０－３     

从人软骨提取总RNA和CDMP－1成熟肽片段的克隆

目的 克隆人软骨来源形态发生蛋白－１（ＣＤＭＰ－１）成熟肽编码区的基因片段。方法 用异流氰酸胍一步法从人软骨组织和酶消化法原代培养的软骨细胞中分别抽提总ＲＮＡ,利用ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ方法扩增出人ＣＤＭＰ－１成熟区的基因片段（约１．０ｋｂｐ）,将所得基因片段插入ｐＢｌｕｅｓｃｒｉｐｔ）质粒载体,重组质粒ＤＮＡ,通过酶切分析和核苷酸序列分析鉴定阳性克隆。结果 从罗骨组织直接取到总ＲＮＡ,其质量与从等重量软骨     

带蒂皮瓣修复关节损伤的实验研究

目的：将家兔带蒂皮瓣移植于破坏掉关节软骨的股骨头上,探讨皮肤成纤维细胞的成软骨潜能。方法：用家兔２０只,每只任选一侧股骨头作为实验组,对侧作为对照组。将带蒂皮瓣移植于破坏掉了关节软骨的股骨头上后,将股骨头复位,作为实验组。对侧则以游离全厚皮片作对照。分别在术后８ｗｋ、１６ｗｋ时各探查１０只动物,通过肉眼观察,光镜观察移植物的转归。结果：实验组皮瓣成活并以骨头愈合,表皮逐渐变性消失,真皮纤维组织增生     

Ultrasound of femoral head cartilage: a new method of assessing bone age

This paper analyses the relationship between the thickness of the anterior femoral head cartilage (FHC), as measured by ultrasound, and some anthropometric parameters, such as height, weight, skeletal and chronological age. In addition, it provides standard norms for FHC thickness in a paediatric population. Both hips were examined in 213 consecutive subjects (99 boys and 114 girls), aged 1.9–14 years. Seventy-four subjects underwent hand and wrist X-rays for skeletal maturation: 32 of these were dropped from the study because a discrepancy as high as two standard deviations was found between their skeletal and their chronological age. The thickness of FHC correlated strongly with skeletal and chronological age, standing height and body weight. A side difference of 0.2 mm in FHC was considered to be abnormal. The study population was divided into 13 groups according to chronological age and values of FHC for boys and girls are provided for each group. It is suggested that the magnitude of hyaline FHC is a valuable feature in the evaluation of skeletal maturation in children.     

目前下肢被动运动装置存在的问题和改进原则

本文分析了目前下肢ＣＰＭ装置存在的问题,指出在ＣＰＭ每一运动周期,人体下肢与ＣＰＭ支架之间都将产生有害的相对位移和交替牵拉应力,影响关节功能顺利康复。提出下肢ＣＰＭ的正确使用方法和设计原则。     

Do laws of biomechanics work in reconstruction of the cartilaginous nasal septum?

Biomechanical techniques can be used for correcting C-shaped or S-shaped nasal septum cartilage deformities. These include mucoperichondrium elevation on the concave side, trimming cartilage to its necessary size, incisions to release cartilaginous bends and strip resections. Resection and reimplantation of cartilage are preferable when correcting a difficult post-traumatic septum. While biomechanical principles are applicable to nasal septum surgery, further clinical studies must be devised to provide proper correction of the nasal septum with minimal sacrifice of cartilage.