椎管内修复臂丛神经损伤的解剖及临床应用研究

目的观察通过打开椎管找到残存的臂丛神经根并进行神经修复的可行性。方法甲醛溶液固定的成人尸体标本15具30侧，测量C5-T1，神经前根椎间孔段的直径、长度和有髓神经纤维计数。选择5例臂丛神经损伤患者，2例为椎孔处刀刺伤，3例为闭合性创伤。自受伤到椎管内探查的时间为3-6个月，平均4个月。CTM显示部分已损伤的神经根其椎管内神经前后根仍存在，而锁骨上臂丛神经探查在椎间孔外找不到相应的具有正常结构的神经根近端，通过打开椎管将椎管内残存的神经根用腓肠神经桥接进行神经修复。结果C5-T1，神经前根的有髓神经纤维数目为4000-6000根，椎间孔段的长度为11～14mm，外径为1．2～1．5mm。5例患者的椎管内均找到了具有正常结构的神经根近端，其中C5神经根3例，C5、C6神经根1例，C7神经根1例。C5修复肩胛上神经和C5神经远端各1例，C5修复正中神经内侧头1例，C7修复内侧束1例，C5、C6分别修复上干后股、肌皮神经1例。术后随访38--46个月，平均42个月。5例患者其修复神经所支配肌肉的肌力分别达3-4级。结论对于神经根在椎间孔处断裂的臂丛神经损伤，可通过打开椎管找到损伤神经根的近端，为臂丛神经根性损伤的修复提供理想的动力神经源，有利于臂丛神经治疗效果的提高。     

跨供区髂骨皮瓣一期修复肢体大面积骨与软组织缺损

Objective To study the clinical effect of iliac flap straddled donor area to primary repair large defect of bone and soft tissue. Methods Through the anatomical study about iliac flap, the new oper-ation method about iliac flap was designed, which straddled donor area and used one blood vessel stem (deep iliae circumflex artery) and two branch blood vessel(deep iliac circumflex artery and superficial iliac circum-flex artery compounding in series) for blood supply. Blood supply area of the analogical operation was stud-ied by irrigating fresh cadaver with Indian ink. Thirty-two patients with large defect of bone and soft tissue (20 males, 12 females, 17-68 years old, average 36 years old) were repaired by this method, and the hemo-dynamics was studied by laser Doppler flowmetry. Results It was feasible to connect superficial iliac cir-cumflex artery with the branch of deep iliac circumflex artery. Indian ink irrigating fresh cadaver simulate operation showed that area scope dyed by Indian ink: in ilium, Indian ink was found in the bone which was (15.8±3.2) cm away from anterior superior iliac spine. In skin flap, Indian ink was found (8.6±2.4) cm superi-or, (5.4±2.6) cm inferior, (5.8±2.6) cm internal and (24.6±5.8) cm external from the anterior superior iliac spine. Laser Doppler flowmetry showed that the peripheral blood flow of skin flap increased as time passed, the increase speed began to tardy at the third day, then ingress the platform stage. Thirty-two cases were all succeed with functional rehabilitation and perfect shape. Thirty-one cases got completely bone healing; bone healing time ranged from 9 to 19 months, with an average of 12 months. One case turned to chronic os-teomyelitis, and had to suffer operation again, the bone healing time was 22 months. Conclusion As the ili-ae flap straddled donor area has sufficient blood supply, it can repair large defect of bone and soft tissue in one stage.     

辐射对豚鼠鼻黏膜组织结构及微血管的影响

目的：探讨辐射对豚鼠鼻黏膜结构及微血管的损伤。方法：选择健康豚鼠84只，随机分为对照组（12只）及照射组（72只）。均在同样条件下喂养。将照射组豚鼠置于直线加速器射线内照射，每周1次，每次照射5Gy，计3周，总剂量15Gy，建立辐射损伤动物模型。分别于照射后0．5、1.0、2．0、3．0、5．0、6．0个月处死动物12只，随机取6只做鼻腔黏膜微血管铸型，另6只做病理检查。对照组在假照射后6个月处死动物，随机各选6只分别做鼻黏膜微血管铸型检查和病理检查。结果：照射组豚鼠的鼻黏膜辐射后早期表现为急性炎症反应，黏膜大量坏死、脱落，电镜下见仅少部分黏膜表面还被覆着正常的纤毛结构。以后黏膜开始修复，至6个月时基本结束，但大部分黏膜失去了正常的纤毛柱状上皮结构特点，部分区域甚至代为组织转化的鳞状上皮；微血管铸型可见，早期改变为毛细血管扩张充血及血管内皮细胞肿胀，以后逐渐出现毛细血管的扭曲变形、闭塞及中断，毛细血管数量大量减少，致血液回流障碍，微静脉萎瘪。后期部分区域出现新生的毛细血管，但结构紊乱，不具备微循环的功能。结论：鼻黏膜的损伤、晚期的鳞状上皮组织转化以及鼻黏膜微循环的破坏是放疗后鼻腔功能障碍的病理学基础。     

Arthroscopic treatment of elbowarthritis in athletes

Arthroscopy has a valuable role in the treatment of elbow arthritis in the athletic population. General arthroscopicdebridement techniques used in the treatment of arthritis in other joints are quite valuable. Arthroscopic modifications of open techniques unique to the elbow, such as ulnohumeral arthroplasty, also are useful. As in other joints, the benefits of arthroscopic treatment of elbow arthritis may be temporary. Proper patient selection and attention to technical detail are critical in this population.     

后尿道损伤的早期,亚早期手术治疗

１９７３－１９９４年５月共收治骨盆骨折所致的后尿道断裂５４例，其中行早期尿道吻合３３例，亚早期尿道吻合９例，占７７．８％（４２．５４），均取得满意效果，尿道断早期组织弹性好，无粘连，无瘢痕，可以达到解剖对位。手术同时可以清除血肿及外渗尿液，减少感染及狭窄机会，对合并休克的病人在休克纠正后，处理其他复合伤的同时急尽早行尿道对端吻合术。对伤严重的的病人经抢救休克处理复合伤，生命指标平稳后行亚早期手术仍     

移植于脊髓的断离肋间神经重发新支至原去神经肋间肌的实验观察

将15只大鼠左侧第11或12肋间神经从根部向外,自周围组织完全分离出20～35mm,并于此处剪断。再将其近端改向植入脊髓左侧半 L_(1～2) 之间的髓节内。在存活57～413天后解剖观察,发现自移植神经的干上发出1～3条新分支,分布于原去神经的肋间肌。经光、电镜观察证实是成活的再生神经纤维。于移植神经干注射 CB-HRP 后,发现这些神经纤维来源于原肋间神经髓节的前角和移植部髓节内的神经细胞。故认为外周神经缺损,不作神经对接或桥接,不经断离神经的远段,在一定条件下可以由近段发出再生纤维组成新支,分布于去神经的靶组织。     

中度视网膜冲击伤后血视网膜屏障改变兔模型的评价

应用ＢＳＴ－Ⅲ型生物激波管致伤建立的中度视网膜冲击伤兔模型，研究视网膜冲击伤后血视网膜屏障（ＢＲＢ）的改变，结果显示，中度视网膜冲击后除有炎症性反应外，可致视网膜细胞部分变性和坏死，ＢＲＢ轻度损害和视网膜电图（ＥＲＧ）ｂ波波幅下降４０％。由于受损细胞在某些因素如自由基的作用下可进一步导致ＢＲＢ严重继发性损害。如早期进行正确处理，可能阻止这种“不稳定”受损细胞的继发性损害。因此，该模型可用于研究视网     

Ultrasound for diagnosis of apophyseal injuries

Avulsion injuries of the apophysis is a problem in young athletes. A correct diagnosis is necessary for establishing the appropriate treatment and the rehabilitation program. However, it is often difficult to distinguish between a simple muscle strain and an avulsion fracture. The X-ray examination is helpful only when an ossification center of the apophysis exists. Ultrasonography is considered the suitable diagnostic tool for these cases. From June 1988 to June 1993, 243 young athletes were seen with an anamnestic and clinically suspected apophyseal injury of the lower extremity. In all cases X-ray examination and ultrasound examination were performed. In 80 cases the diagnosis was confirmed by X-ray examination and in 97 by ultrasonography. Four criteria were defined for the sonographic examination: (a) a hypoechogenic zone, (b) increased distance to the apophysis, (c) dislocation of the apophysis, and (d) mobility of the apophysis on dynamic examination. These criteria are correlated to (a) edema, (b) lysis, (c) avulsion, and (d) unstable avulsion of the apophysis. Ultrasonography is a proven technique for the detection of apophyseal injuries. In comparison to X-ray examination, it has the advantages of no radiation exposure, early detection even without ossification center, and dynamic examination.     

月骨周围进行性不稳定的腕运动力学研究

目的探索腕月骨周围进行性不稳定的运动力学变化。方法对１４具新鲜冷冻尸体腕关节，用计算机辅助测量了正常腕和各阶段月骨周围不稳定时腕动力肌腱在腕屈伸、尺桡偏时滑动幅度，根据肌腱滑动幅度和关节运动范围计算动力肌腱力臂。结果月骨周围进行性不稳定时屈腕肌腱力臂明显增大，屈指肌腱力臂减小；桡侧腕动力肌腱力臂以增大为主，尺侧肌腱力臂以减小为主。桡侧腕屈肌腱在腕屈伸或尺桡偏时均显著增大。结论腕运动力学变化对月骨周围不稳定的形成、运动力学变化、腕部塌陷起重要起动作用。