Central body fat changes in men affected by post-surgical hypogonadotropic hypogonadism undergoing testosterone replacement therapy are modulated by androgen receptor CAG polymorphism

Background and aimsLittle is known about the effect of androgen receptor (AR) gene CAG repeat polymorphism in conditioning body composition changes after testosterone replacement therapy (TRT). In this study, we aimed to clarify this aspect by focussing our attention on male post-surgical hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, a condition often associated with partial or total hypopituitarism.Methods and resultsFourteen men affected by post-surgical hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and undergoing several replacement hormone therapies were evaluated before and after TRT. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA)-derived body composition measurements, pituitary-dependent hormones and AR gene CAG repeat polymorphism were considered. While testosterone and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels increased after TRT, cortisol concentration decreased. No anthropometric or body composition parameters varied significantly, except for abdominal fat decrease. The number of CAG triplets was positively and significantly correlated with this abdominal fat decrease, while the opposite occurred between the latter and Δ-testosterone. No correlation of IGF-1 or cortisol variation (Δ-) with Δ-abdominal fat was found. At multiple linear regression, after correction for Δ-testosterone, the positive association between CAG triplet number and abdominal fat change was confirmed.ConclusionsIn male post-surgical hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, shorter length of AR CAG repeat tract is independently associated with a more marked decrease of abdominal fat after TRT.     

Reconstruction of the temporomandibular joint: a comparison between prefabricated and customized alloplastic prosthetic total joint systems

The implantation of an alloplastic total temporomandibular joint (TMJ) prosthesis is an innovative approach for the treatment of end-stage TMJ disorders. Two types of system exist: prefabricated (stock) and customized computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) devices. A clinical study was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of these two designs. Twenty-eight patients treated between 2015 and 2017 were included and assigned to two groups: stock prostheses (group 1) and customized CAD/CAM prostheses (group 2). Clinical evaluations were performed at five time-points up to 6 months postoperative. Parameters included maximum interincisal opening, pain, diet, complications, and subjective well-being at the end of follow-up. Differences between pre-surgery and 6-month post-surgery values were highly significant (P < 0.001). No patient required a liquid diet at the end of treatment, and 66% of group 1 patients and 100% of group 2 patients reported improved well-being. Complications were observed in 32% of patients and included temporary paralysis of the facial nerve. In conclusion, clinical outcomes of stock and CAD/CAM prostheses suggested great improvements in mouth opening and reduction of pain as a result of the rehabilitation of TMJ function. Results showed comparable data for the two types of prosthesis design at 6 months postoperative.     

Effect of Truss Access and Artificial Truss Restoration on the Fracture Resistance of Endodontically Treated Mandibular First Molars

IntroductionThis study evaluated the effects of traditional and truss access cavity preparations in addition to artificial truss restoration on the fracture resistance of endodontically treated mandibular molars.MethodsA total of 66 recently extracted, intact mandibular first molars were collected from patients between 20 and 45 years of age. After the preparation of a mesio-occluso-distal cavity in all teeth, the teeth were randomly grouped into the following 4 groups according to the access cavity design: traditional access cavity, artificial truss restoration, truss access cavity, and control groups. Endodontic access cavities were performed in the experimental groups according to each treatment modality followed by instrumentation, irrigation, and obturation. After composite restoration, the teeth were subjected to a vertical occlusal force until fracture occurred. The data were statistically analyzed, and the fracture patterns were evaluated.ResultsFirst, a 1-way analysis of variance test analysis of the fracture resistance of the experimental groups showed nonsignificant differences among groups (P > .05). Second, the data were statistically analyzed using the Student t test to compare the fracture resistance of each experimental group with that in the control group. The control group had statistically significantly higher mean values for fracture resistance than the traditional access group and the artificial truss restoration group (P < .05). No statistically significant difference was recorded in the fracture resistance between the control group and the truss access cavity group (P > .05).ConclusionsThe truss access cavity preparation improved the fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth with mesio-occluso-distal cavities, whereas the artificial truss restoration did not improve it.     

下肢关节置换术后感染的危险因素及预防方法

下肢关节置换术如全髋关节置换术和全膝关节置换术是骨科手术中较为成熟的手术方式,术后感染是关节置换术的一项严重的并发症,将引起疼痛、功能受限、治疗费用增加等.控制术后感染的关键在于预防.术前、术中、术后存在多种影响术后感染的危险因素,本综述将对各种术前、术中、术后的危险因素以及相应预防方法作一总结.     

股骨矢状位劈开固定股骨假体在全髋关节置换治疗 Crowe Ⅳ型成人髋关节发育不良中的应用观察

目的：探讨股骨矢状位劈开固定股骨假体在全髋关节置换治疗成人髋关节发育不良（ CroweⅣ型）患者术后的疗效分析。方法2002年3月～2012年11月,本组在全髋关节置换术中以股骨矢状位劈开固定股骨侧假体治疗重度成人髋臼发育不良（ Crowe Ⅳ型）患者共21例24髋,股骨上移4.5～6.9 cm,平均（4.53±0.89） cm。术前Harris 评分（38.21±3.09）。结果21例（24髋）患者获随访,截骨端均骨性愈合,平均愈合时间3.8个月;术后6个月Harris评分（85.73±4.15）分,与术前比较差异有统计学意义（t＝-104.2,P＜0.05）。随访期间均无感染、脱位、假体翻修等并发症出现。结论股骨矢状位劈开固定股骨假体在全髋关节置换治疗成人髋关节发育不良（ CroweⅣ型）患者的手术效果稳定,手术技术具有可重复性,能够获得满意的疗效,可在临床中广泛推广。     

改进型Tri—lock骨保留假体的短期临床应用研究

目的 评价改进型Tri lock骨保留假体在初次全髋关节置换术中的应用,分析这种改进型假体的稳定性及临床效果.方法 选取2011年3月到2012年3月本组接受初次全髋关节置换术治疗的患者36例（37髋）,男5例,女31例;年龄48～71岁,平均年龄54岁.新鲜股骨颈骨折5例、5髋.股骨头坏死Ⅲ期6例、6髋,Ⅳ期7例、7髋.DDH CroweⅠ型继发髋关节骨关节炎5例（6髋）,Ⅱ型继发髋关节骨关节炎2例（2髋）.原发性髋关节骨关节炎11例（11髋）.髋臼假体全部采用生物型假体,内衬采用陶瓷内衬的27髋,采用金属内衬的10髋,股骨头全部采用陶瓷头.手术均采用髋关节后外侧切口,术后3、6、12个月及以后每年随访一次,采用Harris髋关节评分和骨性关节炎指数可视化量表（WOMAC）,对患者手术前后关节功能进行评估.结果 36例患者（37髋）全部获得随访,随访时间范围15～27个月,平均随访时间 24.8个月.Harris髋关节评分从术前平均（20.33±10.40）分提高到末次随访时的（93.96±4.45）分,手术前后差异有统计学意义（t=28.37,P〈0.01）.骨关节炎指数（WOMAC）评分改善显著,总分由术前（77.41± 13.07）分降至末次随访时的（11.53±4.56）分,手术前后差异有统计学意义（t=21.37,P〈0.01）.随访期间未发现假体松动,脱位及感染.结论 由于假体本身设计特点,更加符合身高较矮、骨骼较小的亚洲人,其次可以保留更多的骨量,假体初始稳定性好,陶瓷-陶瓷界面或陶瓷-金属界面磨损率低,近期疗效好,并发症少,易于二次翻修.     

终末期原发髋关节骨关节炎患者脊柱-骨盆矢状面形态异常及其与腰痛关系的初步研究

目的探讨终末期原发髋关节骨关节炎（HOA）患者在脊柱-骨盆矢状面上的形态与伴随的腰痛症状的关系。方法收集46例HOA患者及55例正常对照的立位全脊柱侧位X线片,测量腰椎前凸角（LL）、骶骨倾斜角（SS）、骨盆倾斜角（PT）、骨盆投射角（PI）、脊柱骶骨角（SSA）、脊柱前倾角（ST）;将HOA患者根据是否存在腰痛分为无腰痛组（23例）和有腰痛组（23例）,对后者的腰痛进行评分（VAS）。应用独立样本的t检验比较HOA患者与正常人的各个参数,并采用非参数检验比较HOA亚组间及其与正常对照的差异;将HOA患者的各个参数与VAS评分进行相关性分析。结果原发性HOA组和正常人组的年龄及性别分布无统计学差异,两组的LL分别为（45.2°±17.3°和51.1°±8.5°,t=-2.627,P〈0.05）;ST分别为（87.8°±8.3°和94.5°±3.0°,t=-6.652,P〈0.01）,组间差异有统计学意义,两组间的SS、PT、PI及SSA无统计学差异。与正常对照组相比,HOA腰痛组的LL（39.4°±19.47°,t=-4.260,P〈0.05）、SSA（121.5°±13.5°,t=-3.287,P〈0.05）和ST（87.6°±8.0°,t=-6.478,P〈0.05）均明显偏小,差异有统计学意义;而无腰痛组的SS（42.1°±11.1°,t=3.496,P〈0.05）明显偏大、PT（10.3°±8.8°,t=-2.466,P〈0.05）及ST（88.1°±8.8°,t=-5.678,P〈0.05）明显偏小,差异有统计学意义,其他参数间无明显差异。相关性分析显示HOA患者的腰痛VAS评分与LL、SS、PT之间存在明显相关性（P〈0.05）。结论 HOA患者存在脊柱-骨盆的矢状面形态异常,表现为较正常人腰椎前凸减小、脊柱前倾增加。与正常对照相比,无腰痛HOA患者骨盆及脊柱均前倾,但腰椎前凸无明显减小;有腰痛的HOA患者骨盆无明显前倾,但腰椎前凸减小,脊柱前倾增加。这些结果表明HOA患者的腰痛可能与其腰椎矢状面形态改变存在一定的联系。