Risk Factors and Outcomes for Preoperative Asymptomatic Pulmonary Embolism in Patients Aged 60 Years and Over with Hip Fracture

ObjectiveTo investigate the risk factors for, and outcomes of, preoperative asymptomatic pulmonary embolism (PE) in patients ≥60 years old following delayed operation for hip fracture.MethodsFrom March 2017 to December 2018, 90 patients aged ≥60 years with hip fracture who suffered a delay in surgery were recruited to this prospective study following admission to our hospital. Computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) was used to detect preoperative asymptomatic PE and calculated its incidence. Time from injury to admission, baseline characteristics, medical comorbidities, and blood biomarker levels were evaluated as potential risk factors. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors. Mortality and major bleeding events were recorded and compared between individuals with PE and without. Data were analyzed by t‐test, Mann–Whitney U test, χ ² test, Fisher''s exact test, and logistic regression analysis.ResultsThe incidence of preoperative asymptomatic PE was 18.9% (17/90 patients). In the univariate analysis, the risk factors for preoperative asymptomatic PE were male sex, hypertension, cerebrovascular accident, smoking, plasma D‐dimer level, potassium level, urea level, creatinine level, and cysteine level. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of preoperative asymptomatic PE was higher in patients with hypertension (odds ratio [OR] = 10.048; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.118–90.333), cerebrovascular accident (OR = 20.135; 95% CI, 1.875–216.164), smoking (OR = 48.741; 95% CI, 4.155–571.788), high plasma D‐dimer levels (OR = 1.200; 95% CI, 1.062–157.300), and high plasma potassium levels (OR = 12.928; 95% CI, 1.062–157.300). All patients were followed up for 21.0 months (range, 2 to 36 months). Mortality within the first year postoperatively was higher in patients with PE (29.41% vs 9.59%, P = 0.046).ConclusionsIn view of the high incidence of preoperative asymptomatic PE and the inferior prognosis in individuals with PE, routine CTPA examination for preoperative asymptomatic PE could be useful for patients aged ≥60 years with hip fracture for whom surgery is delayed.     

Head injuries coexistent with pelvic or lower extremity fractures-early or delayed osteosynthesis

Summary The authors compared the results of a retrospective analysis of two groups of head-injured patients who had coexistent pelvic or lower extremit fractures. One group was treated with early osteosynthesis within the first 12 hours after trauma, simultaneously with neurosurgical treatment, while the second group was treated neurosurgically and osteosynthesis was postponed for 4 to 10 days. The second group revealed a higher mortality, which was due to fat embolism. We conclude that early osteosynthesis is the treatment of choice in patients with coexistent head injury and lower extremity fractures.     

带血管蒂阔筋膜张肌及腱膜转位修补巨型腹股沟疝的应用解剖

目的:为带血管蒂阔筋膜张肌及腱膜转位修补巨型腹股沟疝提供解剖学基础。方法:在30例成人下肢标本上解剖观测了阔筋膜张肌的动脉血管分布,神经支配,肌腹和肌腱的长度等。结果:阔筋膜张肌动脉来源有旋股外侧动脉和臀上动脉,该肌由臀上神经支配,肌腹长度为112.31±3.13mm,髂经束的长度为315±6.8mm,额前上棘水平至腹肌外侧缘的距离,男性为168±7.5mm,女性为176±6.8mm。结论:阔筋膜张肌血供丰富,肌腱膜长,位置邻近腹股沟区,可作为巨型腹股沟疝修补的供体。     

pSV-VEGF165肌内原位注射促进兔缺血后肢侧支血管形成

目的 为临床探索一种更简便安全的下肢动脉缺血性疾病的基因治疗途径。方法 建立兔后肢缺血动脉模型,将体外构建的重组质粒ｐＳＶ－ＶＥＧＦ１６５注射于缺血肌群,３０ｄ后行动脉造影并切取标本,测定毛细血管密度和毛细血管／肌肉数比值。结果 经ｐＳＶ－ＶＥＧＦ１６５治疗后,缺血肢体毛细血管密度和毛细血管／肌肉数比值显著增加,小腿部位比大腿部位增加明显,动脉造影显示部分缺血肢体侧支动态明显增多。结论 肌肉内原位     

综合治疗对脑梗塞相关危险因素的影响

目的　探讨综合治疗对脑梗塞复发的相关危险因素的影响。方法　随机选择85 例脑梗塞伴各类危险因素患者在综合治疗前后,对他们进行血压、空腹血糖、胆固醇、甘油三酯及血液流变学等8 项指标的测定。结果　经过1 ～3 年临床观察随访,有50 % 以上高血糖、高血脂、高粘滞血症患者检验指标趋于正常,94 .3 % 的高血压得到控制与稳定,经t 检验,血液流变学4 项P 值< 0 .05 ,差异有显著意义,高血压、空腹血糖、胆固醇、甘油三酯的P 值< 0 .01 ,差异有非常显著意义。结论　综合治疗对控制相关危险因素,预防脑梗塞复发有重要临床意义     

Periventricular- intraventricular hemorrhage in the premature infant- A historical perspective

The objective of this chapter is to trace the evolution of intraventricular hemorrhage in the premature infant highlighting the importance of the germinal matrix, a critical role for cerebral blood flow changes in the genesis of hemorrhage, clinical factors that increase the bleeding risk, and potential preventative strategies. In 1976, neuropathological studies demonstrated capillary rupture within the germinal matrix as the precursor of hemorrhage. In 1980, introduction of cranial ultrasound facilitated diagnosis of intraventricular hemorrhage. In 1979, loss of cerebral autoregulation in sick newborn infants was demonstrated. In the 1980’s, studies demonstrated the importance of intravascular factors in provoking hemorrhage. In 1983, the association of cerebral blood flow velocity fluctuations and subsequent hemorrhage was demonstrated. In 1994, antenatal steroids use to accelerate lung development was recommended. This was associated with an unanticipated reduction in hemorrhage. In the mid 1990’s early indomethacin administration was associated with a reduction of severe hemorrhage.     

肝动脉栓塞化疗对原发性肝癌患者肝纤维化指标的影响

为探讨重复肝动脉化疗（TAE）对原发性肝癌（PHC）患者肝脏损伤的影响,对40例经3次TAE治疗的PHC患者和25例肝血管瘤患者（经1次TAE治疗）测定治疗前后透明质酸（HA）,层粘连蛋白（LN）,人Ⅲ型前胶原（HpcⅢ）和Ⅳ型胶原（Ⅳ·C）的含量。结果发现第2次TAE治疗后,上述4项指标TAE前后均有显著性差异（P＜0．05）,以第3次TAE后升高最为明显（P＜0．01）。提示重复TAE治疗常可加重PHC患者的肝损害,应引起足够的重视。     

中西医结合治疗成人股骨头缺血坏死120例

采用中西医结合疗法 ,经皮股骨头内减压引流、靶血管脉冲式加压药物灌注、髂内动脉部分血管栓塞灌药和口服中药治疗成人股骨头缺血坏死 12 0例。通过 12～ 36个月的随访观察 ,髋关节疼痛缓解率为 92 5 0 % ,关节活动度改变率为 96 67% ,DSA检查血管增加达 88 33% ,CT、X线片股骨头骨质改变占 5 5 83%。综合疗效优于任何单项治疗     

Survey on the use of pulmonary scintigraphy, spiral CT and conventional pulmonary angiography for suspected pulmonary embolism in the British Isles

AIM: To determine current clinical practice in the radiological diagnosis of acute pulmonary embolism and assess the use of spiral volumetric computed tomography. METHOD: A survey of 327 acute hospitals including cardiothoracic and orthopaedic tertiary referral centres was undertaken to assess current utilization of lung scintigraphy, spiral computed tomography and pulmonary angiography in the investigation of suspected pulmonary embolism. Responses were received from 215/327 (66%) centres. RESULTS: Lung scintigraphy was provided by 208 hospitals (144 on-site and 64 off-site). Spiral CT services were provided by 111 (52%) hospitals (on- or off-site), 142 (66%) units had access to angiographic facilities. Sixty-three centres out of 215 (29%) offered both on-site lung scintigraphy and spiral CT while only 41/215 (19%) hospitals were able to undertake all three tests on-site. On average, 501 perfusion (Q) or ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scintigrams were performed per hospital per year with 26 spiral CT studies and just 4.6 pulmonary angiograms. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that lung scintigraphy is frequently the only imaging test in patients other than chest radiography, despite the large number of indeterminate results reported in most series.