Short-termin vivo stability of endothelial-lined polyester elastomer and polytetrafluoroethylene grafts

A fibronectin substrate will significantly enhance the strength of endothelial cell attachment on grafts constructed of polyester elastomer (PE) and polytetrafluoroethylene (e-PTFE). This experiment was undertaken to determine the short-termin vivo stability of endothellum on these fibronectin coated surfaces. Eight mongrel dogs underwent bilateral carotid artery replacement with both graft materlals. All grafts were inoculated with 2,000 cells/mm² using cultured autogenous venous endothelium labelled with Indium-111-oxine. The Indium-111 label in the grafts was measured immediately prior to implantation, after 1 hour ofin vivo perfusion, and at explantation after 24 hours. The percentage of inoculated cells attached to the grafts before perfusion was simillar for both materials, 93.3±3.0% versus 92.2±7.2%, for PE and e-PTFE respectively. All grafts were patent at one hour after implantation. PE grafts were found to have 93.8±3.9 % of the attached cells present at one hour while e-PTFE grafts had only 54.5 ± 10.8 % remaining, p<.001. After 24 hours, 5/8 (62.5%) e-PTFE grafts and 2/8 (25.0 %) PE grafts remained patent, p=.13. Of the patent grafts however, endothelial cell retention was still superior on the PE grafts with 78.0±0.6% of the attached cells remaining compared to only 24.5±6.1% on e-PTFE, p<.001. Occluded PE grafts had fewer cells remaining at 24 hours than patent ones, 78.0±0.6% versus 31.1±32.8%, respectively, p=.13. Histologically, patent PE grafts demonstrated nearly confluent endothelial monolayers while e-PTFE had patches of endothelial cells surrounded by, a platelet-fibrin carpet. We conclude that short-term patency appears to be determined by the extent of endothelial retention on PE but not e-PTFE.     

慢性病护理质量评价指标体系研究现状及启示

对国内外慢性病护理质量评价指标体系构建的理论框架、方法以及构建范围进行归纳总结,认为我国慢性病护理质量评价指标体系中应加强对患者结局指标的关注,应注意指标体系构建方法的科学性,还应积极探索多病种慢性病护理质量评价指标体系,构建统一的适合我国国情的慢性病护理质量评价指标体系。     

肿瘤标记物CA_(125)、CA_(153)、CA_(199)与CEA在肺癌诊断中的意义

目的 :研究四种肿瘤标记物CA12 5、CA153 、CA199与CEA在肺癌诊断中的意义 ,并以常见的几种呼吸道炎症性疾病 (RIDs)作为对照。结果 :肺癌患者CA12 5、CA153 、CA199及CEA水平均显著高于RIDs患者 (P <0 .0 0 1) ,而CA12 5、CA153 、CA199及CEA水平在肺癌的三种组织学类型和各期肺癌中并显著性差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。采有四项指标的平均值作为标准 ,虽然并不能显著提高诊断的灵敏度 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,但可显著提高诊断的特异性 (P <0 .0 5或 0 .0 1)。结论 :CA12 5、CA153 、CA199及CEA可作为肺癌的标记物 ,检测这四项标记物在临床上具有一定的辅助意义     

循证医学对心血管病研究的影响

循证医学的出现使现有的医学观念从理论知识加个人经验的医学模式转变到科学证据为基础的医学模式。随着临床流行病学的深入开展及临床科研方法的重大发展,循证医学正在逐渐深入医学的各个角落,在心血管领域也是如此。文章将主要阐述循证医学在心血管病临床医疗实践、科研、卫生决策和医学教育方面产笺重要影响;客观分析循证医学在此领域的发展史及现状;同时也概括了我国心血管研究在循证医学方面的成果与不足。从而进一步揭示,科学的证据正有利地促进着医学的全方位发展,以问题为基础的循证医学是当今临床医学发展的必然趋势。     

西洛他唑治疗糖尿病合并下肢动脉闭塞症的功效及安全性观察

目的：观察西洛他唑治疗糖尿病合并下肢动脉闭塞症的效果及安全性。方法：选择糖尿病合并下肢动脉闭塞症患者33例,给予西洛他唑第一周50mg,2次／日。第二周始改为100mg,2次／日,观察并检测治疗前后症状体征,双下肢血管直径及峰值血流速度,肝肾功能,血尿常规,血脂及血液流变学等指标。结果：患者主观症状改善率在80％以上,双下肢血流峰值速度治疗后有显著性增加（P＜0．01）,血尿常规,肝肾功能等各项指标治疗前后无明显差异。结论：西洛他唑对糖尿病合并下肢动脉闭塞症是一种安全有效的药物。     

《伤寒论》养阴存津治法探析

在伤寒发病、传变过程中,不仅有寒盛阳虚证,亦有热盛津伤证。《伤寒论》中始终贯穿着“存阴液”的基本精神,在治疗上开养阴保津法运用于临床之先河,张仲景用养阴存津法治疗伤寒,既有补法滋阴生津,尚有将其地汗、吐、下、和、温、清等其它治法之中。既有用养阴药物滋阴生津,尚有不投养阴之品,亦获护阴存津之效,其创制的多首滋养阴液及祛邪存津的著名方剂,为养阴存津治法的理论建立和临床应用奠定了基础。     

Ectopic Calcification and Hypophosphatemic Rickets: Natural History of ENPP1 and ABCC6 Deficiencies

Generalized arterial calcification of infancy (GACI) is a rare disorder caused by ENPP1 or ABCC6 variants. GACI is characterized by low pyrophosphate, arterial calcification, and high mortality during the first year of life, but the natural course and possible differences between the causative genes remain unknown. In all, 247 individual records for patients with GACI (from birth to 58.3 years of age) across 19 countries were reviewed. Overall mortality was 54.7% (13.4% in utero or stillborn), with a 50.4% probability of death before the age of 6 months (critical period). Contrary to previous publications, we found that bisphosphonate treatment had no survival benefit based on a start-time matched analysis and inconclusive results when initiated within 2 weeks of birth. Despite a similar prevalence of GACI phenotypes between ENPP1 and ABCC6 deficiencies, including arterial calcification (77.2% and 89.5%, respectively), organ calcification (65.8% and 84.2%, respectively), and cardiovascular complications (58.4% and 78.9%, respectively), mortality was higher for ENPP1 versus ABCC6 variants (40.5% versus 10.5%, respectively; p = 0.0157). Higher prevalence of rickets was reported in 70.8% of surviving affected individuals with ENPP1 compared with that of ABCC6 (11.8%; p = 0.0001). Eleven affected individuals presenting with rickets and without a GACI diagnosis, termed autosomal recessive hypophosphatemic rickets type 2 (ARHR2), all had confirmed ENPP1 variants. Approximately 70% of these patients demonstrated evidence of ectopic calcification or complications similar to those seen in individuals with GACI, which shows that ARHR2 is not a distinct condition from GACI but represents part of the spectrum of ENPP1 deficiency. Overall, this study identified an early mortality risk in GACI patients despite attempts to treat with bisphosphonates, high prevalence of rickets almost exclusive to ENPP1 deficiency, and a spectrum of heterogenous calcification and multiple organ complications with both ENPP1 and ABCC6 variants, which suggests an overlapping pathology. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR). This article has been contributed to by US Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.     

《伤寒论》六经辨证在IgA肾病诊治中的指导价值

《伤寒论》六经辨证是在《黄帝内经》六经理论及脏象、经络两学说的基础上发展、完善而得来的,是中医的鼻祖。本文的主要目的是探讨《伤寒论》六经辨证在IgA肾病诊治中应用价值。IgA肾病又称为原发性肾小球疾病,在我国常见,其整个发病过程可视为从三阳经(太阳、阳明、少阳)转变为三阴经(太阴、少阴及厥阴)。IgA肾病在各经为病,脉症特点并不相同,因此IgA肾病采用六经辨证为指导,判断病情,能够有效防治IgA肾病,对临床具有重要的意义及价值。     

Retrospective study of functional outcomes and disability after non-ischaemic vascular causes of spinal cord dysfunction

Objective: Describe demographic characteristics, functional outcomes and disability following rehabilitation for non-ischemic vascular spinal cord dysfunction (SCDys).Design: Retrospective, open cohort, case series.Setting: Tertiary rehabilitation unit, Victoria, Australia.Participants: Patients with non-ischemic vascular SCDys admitted over a 21-year-period (01/01/1995–31/12/2015) were identified using International Classification of Diseases codes.Outcome Measures: Demographic characteristics, etiology, neurologic classification, length of stay (LOS), and complications. On admission and discharge, the following were collected: functional independence measure (FIM) motor subscale, details on bowel, bladder, mobility, living arrangement, and support services.Results: 36 patients (female 58%; mean age 69 ± 16 years) were identified. The main causes of non-ischemic vascular SCDys were epidural hematoma (39%), dural arteriovenous fistula (17%), and arteriovenous malformation (11%). 22 cases (61%) were iatrogenic. Most (86%) had incomplete paraplegia. Urinary tract infection was the most common complication (64%). Median LOS in rehabilitation was 68 days. Significant improvement in FIM motor scores was observed from admission (median 25, interquartile range [IQR] 20–38) to discharge (median 69, IQR 38–77) (P < 0.001). On discharge, 4 patients (11%) walked >100 m unaided, 6 (17%) walked >100 m with assistive device, 10 (28%) walked >10 m with assistive device, 15 (41%) were wheelchair dependent and 1 (3%) patient remained non-mobile. 20 patients (56%) were discharged home, 8 (22%) to nursing home, and 8 (22%) transferred to another hospital.Conclusion: Most patients returned home with significantly improved functional outcomes compared to rehabilitation admission, but with the majority having ongoing major disabilities based on FIM motor scores.     

新型数字显示式颈总动脉压迫器

本文介绍了新近研制的数显便携式颈总劝脉压迫器的工作原理、电路设计和调试结果，该仪器增强了患侧动脉切术前施行压迫锻炼改善脑侧支循环的效果并为临床实时监测提供客观数据指标。