护理学专业学生临床实习前死亡态度与临终关怀态度调查

目的调查已结束课堂学习并即将进入临床的实习护生的死亡态度与临终关怀态度,分析两者之间的相关性及在本科与大专护生间的差异。方法采用横断面研究设计调查232名高年级在校护生的死亡态度与临终关怀态度情况。研究工具包括中文版死亡态度描绘量表(修订版)和中文版佛罗梅尔特临终关怀态度量表-B表。采用Pearson相关分析和t检验进行数据分析。结果护生死亡态度各维度均分为:中立接受(4.10±0.43)、死亡恐惧(2.76±0.66)、死亡逃避(2.73±0.74)、趋近接受(2.61±0.58)、逃离接受(2.48±0.75)。临终关怀态度总分为(107.63±8.45)。临终关怀态度与死亡恐惧(r=-0.247,P<0.01)、死亡逃避(r=-0.278,P<0.01)及逃离接受(r=-0.145,P<0.05)呈负相关,与中立接受呈正相关(r=0.405,P<0.01)。本科护生死亡逃避得分明显低于大专护生(t=-2.043,P<0.05),且临终关怀态度得分明显高于大专护生(t=2.639,P<0.01)。结论护生的死亡态度与临终关怀态度有较大改善空间,加强临终关怀教育势在必行。     

Changing Teaching Trends During Covid-19 And Its Impact On Ent Residency Program In India: A Cross Sectional Study

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has presented an unmatched challenge to the ENT residency programs to adapt to a form of web-based learning process and stimulation-based training. It also focuses on the mental stress underwent and the viewpoint of the residents to the paradigm shift in clinical care and academics. Methods: An anonymous questionnaire was created in an online survey generator with 22 questions with limited options (yes/no) and was circulated through email and what’s app which has been responded to by 240 ENT residents throughout the country. The questionnaire was divided into five sections, demographics, knowledge about COVID-19 and its management, impact on clinical activity, academics and mental well-being section. Results: Out of 240 respondents, 190(79.2%) were junior residents and 50(20.8%) were senior residents. Although many of them knew the necessary precautions to be taken, 94(39.8%) turned out to be positive themselves with the high fear of transmitting to their family members. Three-fourth participants suggested extending the training period after graduation for the loss incurred. However, half of them sought an opportunity to train themselves for the management of communicable disease, 95% of the residents opined that they are having a negative impact on the job performance due to loss of surgical hands-on which has been drastically reduced. Conclusion: The issues mentioned have been addressed through STEPs - Safety of the residents, Time utilisation by research, Education continuation by online web learning and stimulatory programs, psychological support for mental well-being.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12070-022-03377-7.     

对社区人群进行性病/艾滋病健康教育的效果评价

目的 :探讨在社区人群中进行性病 /艾滋病健康教育的可行性。方法 :在南京市已开展社区卫生服务的某区内 ,整群抽取 4个居委会 ,170 0户居民 ,随机分成对照组与干预组。干预组以连续 5次发送“致居民信”的形式进行性病 /艾滋病的健康教育。结果 :对性病 /艾滋病有关知识的知晓率、态度正确率、相关行为正确率 ,干预组人群由干预前的 5 3.3%、4 5 .5 %、77.7%上升到干预后的6 9 .9%、5 8.4 %、82 .7% (P <0 .0 1)。对照组人群由干预前的 4 4 .6 %、37.5 %、6 9.2 %上升到干预后的6 4 .5 %、5 7.2 %、82 .8% (P <0 .0 1)。干预组与对照组均有不同程度的增高。结论 :利用社区卫生服务网络在居民中开展性病 /艾滋病健康教育是有意义的 ,但对不同人群应采取针对性内容。     

继续护理学教育开展信息检索教学的探索

探讨护理学继续教育开展信息检索教学的必要性,介绍在护理学继续教育中开展信息检索教学的体会。指出,在护理学继续教育中开展信息检索教学是培养护理专业技术人员信息素质的重要途径,对于提高护理队伍的整体素质和促进护理学科建设健康发展,具有十分重要的意义。     

基于知识生产模式Ⅱ谈社会需求是培养职业博士的出发点和落脚点

现代科技共生和学科汇聚、学有所为和事有人为的双重市场压力加速职业博士的发展.职业博士的特征是高学历、拥有专门的研究技能、具有集成知识的能力,职业素养和专业能力一体化、服务社会一线的专才.本文探讨了知识生产模式Ⅱ背景下应用型博士职业化特点、职业博士价值、文化认同、高校无法置身于市场竞争之外等内容.有必要厘清职业博士教育和培训的目标、体系、体制和制度等诸多课题.     

基于川产道地药材及经典名方的美国膳食补充剂开发思路与路径

川产道地药材在中国道地药材资源中占有重要地位,以品种多、分布广、产量大、质量优为其特点,经典名方的安全性和有效性在中医药临床中经历了千年实践验证,是中医学传承中最有价值的部分。美国食品药品监督管理局(FDA)对膳食补充剂的管理方式和政策机制,为中药经典名方进入美国膳食补充剂市场提供了一条可行的路径。本文根据美国FDA对膳食补充剂的管理方式和本团队前期工作基础,概述了以基于川产道地药材及经典名方转化为美国膳食补充剂的思路的操作思路和方法,通过对FDA法规的分析为中医药走入国际市场提供政策依据,以实例为中医院进入国际市场提供可供借鉴的成功案例。     

Train the trainer: improving health education for children and adolescents in Eswatini

BackgroundEswatini has the highest HIV prevalence in the world. One issue at the root of health in Eswatini is a lack of basic health knowledge among children and adolescents, which amplifies the likelihood of disease transmission and poor health outcomes.ObjectivesTo address the lack of basic health education and to improve health knowledge, we developed and evaluated a medical education program to train shepherds (train-the-trainer) who are supporting children and adolescents at local CarePoints.MethodsTo determine the change between pre-test scores and post-test scores, both a paired t-test and mixed-effects regression were performed.ResultsThe program had 67 total participants, mostly female (67.2%), with an average age of 27.1 years. Following the medical education program, participants had a statistically significant increase in post-training scores. Years of prior schooling, age, and gender did not show a statistically significant effect on post-training scores.ConclusionTeaching basic health education knowledge to CarePoint shepherds is effective to increase their knowledge and awareness with respect to relevant health topics. This model of directed medical education could be expanded to other community members in Eswatini to bridge gaps in health knowledge and disease awareness. A similar model could be employed in other developing countries with limited health education and limited access to health information.