基体辅助激光解吸质谱法在生物大分子质量研究中的应用

研究了基体辅助激光解析飞行时间质谱法(MALDI-TOF MS)测定蛋白和糖蛋白的实验条件,实测了重组人白细胞介素2、肿瘤坏死因子、粒细胞巨噬细胞集落刺激因子、白细胞干扰素α2b、白细胞干扰素α₁、促红细胞生成素、钙调蛋白及其片段、大鼠脑型一氧化氮合成酶和天然牛精液蛋白提取物的分子量和纯度,鉴定了蛋白质混合物中各单个成分,结果表明MALDI-TOF MS可有效地研究基因工程蛋白质和天然蛋白提取物等生物大分子的质量。     

Superhydrophobic Anticorrosive Phosphonate–Siloxane Films Formed on Zinc with Different Surface Morphology

The composition, structure, and protective and hydrophobic properties of nanoscale films formed layer-by-layer in solutions of sodium dodecylphosphonate (SDDP) and vinyltrimethoxysilane or n-octyltriethoxysilane (OTES) on the zinc surface with different morphologies were studied by SEM, XPS, water contact angle measurements, and electrochemical and corrosion tests. The protective, hydrophobic properties of phosphonate–siloxane films on zinc and their stability in a corrosive media are determined both by the initial surface morphology and composition of the surface oxide layer, and by the nature of inhibitors. It was shown that preliminary laser texturing of the zinc surface is preferable than chemical etching to enhance the anticorrosive properties of the resulting thin films. The most stable films with excellent superhydrophobic and protective properties in atmospheres of high humidity and salt spray are formed on the zinc surface with fractal morphology during layer-by-layer passivation with SDDP and OTES.     

前组筛窦开放联合下鼻甲激光消融术对变应性鼻炎患者血清IgE、IgG、ECP水平的影响

目的观察比较前组筛窦开放术联合下鼻甲激光消融术治疗前后变应性鼻炎患者血清IgE、IgG、嗜酸性粒细胞阳离子蛋白（ECP）水平的变化，探讨该疗法治疗变应性鼻炎的机制。方法20例变应性鼻炎患者，经鼻内镜行前组筛窦开放术联合下鼻甲激光消融术；术前、术后1、2、4周分别检测患者血清总IgE（tIgE）、IgG、ECP水平，并以20例健康者作为对照组。结果与健康对照组相比较，手术治疗前变应性鼻炎患者的tIgE和ECP水平均明显升高，差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。与患者本身术前水平相比较，手术治疗后1、2周时，其tIgE、IgG和ECP水平变化差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）；至手术治疗后4周时，其tIgE和ECP水平均低于术前，IgG又高于术前，差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。直线相关分析显示，tIgE与ECP水平存在高度正相关（r=0.943，P=0.001）。结论前组筛窦开放术联合下鼻甲激光消融术治疗变应性鼻炎的机制，可能是破坏筛前神经和部分副交感神经末梢，阻断神经反射，减少神经肽的释放，进而调节血清IgE、IgG、ECP的水平而发挥治疗作用。     

Germanium Nanoparticles Prepared by Laser Ablation in Low Pressure Helium and Nitrogen Atmosphere for Biophotonic Applications

Due to particular physico-chemical characteristics and prominent optical properties, nanostructured germanium (Ge) appears as a promising material for biomedical applications, but its use in biological systems has been limited so far due to the difficulty of preparation of Ge nanostructures in a pure, uncontaminated state. Here, we explored the fabrication of Ge nanoparticles (NPs) using methods of pulsed laser ablation in ambient gas (He or He-N₂ mixtures) maintained at low residual pressures (1–5 Torr). We show that the ablated material can be deposited on a substrate (silicon wafer in our case) to form a nanostructured thin film, which can then be ground in ethanol by ultrasound to form a stable suspension of Ge NPs. It was found that these formed NPs have a wide size dispersion, with sizes between a few nm and hundreds of nm, while a subsequent centrifugation step renders possible the selection of one or another NP size fraction. Structural characterization of NPs showed that they are composed of aggregations of Ge crystals, covered by an oxide shell. Solutions of the prepared NPs exhibited largely dominating photoluminescence (PL) around 450 nm, attributed to defects in the germanium oxide shell, while a separated fraction of relatively small (5–10 nm) NPs exhibited a red-shifted PL band around 725 nm under 633 nm excitation, which could be attributed to quantum confinement effects. It was also found that the formed NPs exhibit high absorption in the visible and near-IR spectral ranges and can be strongly heated under photoexcitation in the region of relative tissue transparency, which opens access to phototherapy functionality. Combining imaging and therapy functionalities in the biological transparency window, laser-synthesized Ge NPs present a novel promising object for cancer theranostics.     

PRK术后角膜上皮下雾状混浊的相关因素分析

为探讨准分子激光角膜切削术（ｐｈｏｔｏｒｅｆｒａｃｔｉｖｅｋｅｒａｔｅｃｔｏｍｙ，ＰＲＫ）后角膜上皮下雾状混浊（ｈａｚｅ）的原因及影响因素，对ＰＲＫ后６个月时屈光度在－１．００～－１８．５０Ｄ的３１６例（６１５只眼）近视眼的ｈａｚｅ相关因素进行观察和比较。结果：ＰＲＫ后６个月时ｈａｚｅ发生率为４４．７％，１级或以上ｈａｚｅ为１３．３％。ｈａｚｅ的发生率及密度随屈光度增高而增加（Ｐ＜０．０００１），也随切削深度的增加而增加（Ｐ＜０．０００１），术前非接触眼压超过１８ｍｍＨｇ者，ｈａｚｅ的发生率和密度增加（Ｐ＜０．００５），男性较易发生ｈａｚｅ（Ｐ＝０．０００１），与年龄呈负相关（Ｐ＜０．０５）。而角膜厚度、术前戴用接触镜及散光对ｈａｚｅ的影响不显著。结论：高度近视（＞－６．０Ｄ）和过深的切削（＞８０μｍ）是引起ｈａｚｅ的主要原因。术前眼压偏高、年龄偏低对ｈａｚｅ也有明显影响。对ＰＲＫ治疗高度近视应持审     

准分子激光角膜切削术矫治白内障摘除术后屈光参差

目的　观察准分子激光屈光性角膜切削术 (PRK)矫治白内障摘除术后屈光参差的疗效。方法　对 2 4例 (31只眼 )白内障摘除术后屈光参差患者行PRK ,观察手术前、后患者的视力、屈光度数、屈光参差度数 ,以及手术并发症的情况。随访时间 12 2个月。结果　PRK术后术眼的视力明显提高 ,与术前比较差异有非常显著意义 (P <0 0 1) ;PRK术后术眼的球镜屈光度数为 (1 12± 0 5 5 )D ,散光度数为 (0 4 9± 0 38)D ,均较术前明显下降 ,差异均有非常显著意义 (P <0 0 1)。PRK术后患者双眼的屈光参差度数由术前的 (3 4 4± 1 0 7)D降至 (0 5 8± 0 31)D ,差异有非常显著意义(P <0 0 1)。术中和术后无严重并发症发生。结论　在临床尚无法进一步提高人工晶状体屈光度数计算结果准确性时 ,PRK可有效矫治白内障摘除术后的屈光参差 ,且具有安全、可靠等优点。     

KTP激光联合不同义管植入治疗鼻泪管阻塞的I晦床观察

目的观察泪道激光联合不同类型义管植入治疗鼻泪管阻塞的效果。方法将50例（58眼）随机分为三组,用KTP泪道激光机先行泪道激光成形术,分别选择硬麻管（A组）、球头硅胶管（B组）、一次性泪道再通管（C组）植入鼻泪道,观察疗效。结果所有患者随访观察1年,A组有效率达56．2％,B组达77．2％,C组达95．0％。结论泪道激光成形术中植入不同的义管可明显影响治疗的有效率。     

凝胶渗透色谱-多角度激光散射联用技术研究 红芪多糖中4个组分分子特征

目的:测定红芪多糖3(HPS-3)中4个组分的绝对分子量,相对分子质量分布,均方根旋转半径(Rg),多分散系数(Mw/Mn)等分子特征参数,以均方根旋转半径(Rg)对重均分子量(Mw)作图,计算4个组分在溶液状态的构象。方法:采用凝胶渗透色谱-多角度激光散射(GPC-MALLS)联用技术,流动相为含0.02%NaN3的0.1 mol.L-1NaNO3溶液,Ultrahydro-gelTM1000,500色谱柱串联。结果:HPS-3的4个组分中,HPS-3-C的Mw最大(1.986×105g.mol-1);其次为HPS-3-B(1.113×105 g.mol-1)和HPS-3-D(8.457×104 g.mol-1);HPS-3-A的Mw最小(1.223×104 g.mol-1),而Rg最大(55.5 nm)。HPS-3-D相对分子质量分布范围最广,Mw/Mn 2.543。在流动相中,HPS-3-A为球型构象,HPS-3-C为无规则线团构象,HPS-3-B和HPS-3-D则均为高枝化度结构。结论:为进一步研究HPS-3中4个组分分子特征与其生物活性的关系提供必要依据。     

泪道激光探通联合泪道植管术治疗泪道阻塞的疗效观察

目的：探讨泪道激光探通联合泪道植管术治疗泪道阻塞的治疗效果。方法选择2012年3月至2014年3月期间我院眼科收治的泪道阻塞患者80例(140眼)作为研究对象,根据手术方法将其分为研究组(行泪道激光探通联合泪道植管术治疗)40例(70眼)与对照组(行单纯行泪道激光探通术治疗)40例(70眼)。随访6个月,观察两组患者的临床治疗效果,以及术后并发症情况。结果研究组治疗的总有效率为95.71%,显著高于对照组的82.86%, P<0.05。两组并发症发生率对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论泪道激光探通联合泪道植管术治疗泪道阻塞疗效确切,操作简单,并发症少,适于临床推广与应用。