Study to evaluate the effectiveness of stress management workshops on response to general and occupational measures of stress

This study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of stress management training workshops within Zeneca Pharmaceuticals. The study was of cross-sectional design, comparing groups of workshop attendees and non-attendees. In addition, self-rated well-being scores of attendees were compared with results obtained pre-workshop and 2-3 months after the workshop. Employees participating in the study were drawn from the Manufacturing, Research and Development, Sales and Marketing sites of Zeneca Pharmaceuticals located in Cheshire, United Kingdom. Three hundred and ninety persons who had participated in stress management workshops since 1988 were matched for age, gender and department with an equal number of employees who had not attended stress management workshops. Outcome measures included self-rated well-being (as measured by the 30-question General Health Questionnaire), knowledge of company guidance on the management of stress in staff, and an assessment of coping strategies. Subjects who had not attended a stress management workshop were much more likely to have a poor understanding of the principles of management of stress in staff [odds ratio (OR) = 8.3; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 3.3-21.3] and more likely to have poor coping skills (OR = 2.8; CI = 1.3-6.1). However, mean scores for the two measures were similar in attendees and non-attendees. Self-rating of current well-being was strongly associated with the life-events score, but not related to workshop attendance. The study indicates that stress management training workshops reduce the prevalence of employees with a poor understanding of the principles of the management of stress in staff and with poor coping strategies. An improvement in the self-rated well-being observed shortly after the workshop was not sustained.     

某部军事训练伤前瞻性流行病学研究

目的：了解军事训练伤的发生规律与特点。方法：采用前瞻性流行病学研究方法,对某部１９９７年３月至２月的军事训练伤进行调查。结果：该部军事训练伤的年度发生率为３０．０４％,上半年训练伤的发生率明显高于下半年,训练伤的发生率随年龄增加而逐渐下降,不同单位训练伤的发生率不同。在训练伤病例中以关节扭伤所占比例最大（３３．２１％）,受伤部位以肘,腿,踝和腕部为主,受伤课目以战术训练和５公里越野跑等所占比例高（     

Prevention of anterior cruciate ligament injuries in soccer

Proprioceptive training has been shown to reduce the incidence of ankle sprains in different sports. It can also improve rehabilitation after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries whether treated operatively or nonoperatively. Since ACL injuries lead to long absence from sports and are one of the main causes of permanent sports disability, it is essential to try to prevent them. In a prospective controlled study of 600 soccer players in 40 semiprofessional or amateur teams, we studied the possible preventive effect of a gradually increasing proprioceptive training on four different types of wobble-boards during three soccer seasons. Three hundred players were instructed to train 20 min per day with 5 different phases of increasing difficulty. The first phase consisted of balance training without any balance board; phase 2 of training on a rectangular balance board; phase 3 of training on a round board; phase 4 of training on a combined round and rectangular board; phase 5 of training on a so-called BABS board. A control group of 300 players from other, comparable teams trained normally and received no special balance training. Both groups were observed for three whole soccer seasons, and possible ACL lesions were diagnosed by clinical examination, KT-1000 measurements, magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography, and arthroscopy. We found an incidence of 1.15 ACL injuries per team per year in the control group and 0.15 injuries per team per year in the proprioceptively trained group (P<0.001). Proprioceptive training can thus significantly reduce the incidence of ACL injuries in soccer players.     

对高等中医药院校人才培养的几点看法

高等中医药院校担负着人才培养、科学研究、社会服务的三大职能.对高等中医药院校人才培养要求必须具有必要的西医学基础知识及临床诊疗技能;具有一定的社会人文科学知识和自然科学基础知识;不是单纯的培养中医治疗人才,而是培养为中医药行业服务的各类人才;培养目标与模式应是多样化、多元化.对人才培养应重视以人为本的思想,招生应采取按类招生模式,以充分调动学生的兴趣,发挥学生的个性;减轻学生负担,给其更多的自由空间、更多的课程选择机会;坚持主辅修,为学生开拓发展的空间.人才培养应强调动手能力、创新意识,使学生学会学习,应注重课内与课外相结合;教师的授课要多样化;应重视临床实践能力.     

突破传统适应需要创建中西医结合人才培养模式

湖南中医学院1993年率先开办中西医结合临床医学本科专业;创建"两个基础,一个临床"的人才培养模式和一套适应新的培养模式的课程体系;首编中西医结合临床主体课程系列教材;在教学实践中创建适应新培养模式的实践教学体系和创新思维培养方法;为保证人才培养质量,造就了一批高素质的中西医结合专业教师队伍."两个基础,一个临床"培养模式的实践产生了显著的办学效益和社会影响.     

Treatment of defaecation problems in children: the role of education, demystification and toilet training

To evaluate the effect of education in children with chronic defaecation problems, a prospective 6-week intervention study was designed. A total of 54 children (5–14 years) underwent an education programme, with demystification of symptoms and advice about diet and toilet training. The present treatment was continued. After 6 weeks, children with persistent problems received biofeedback training with a follow up of 1 year. The intervention programme was successful in 8 children (15%). Biofeedback training was successful in 49% of the remaining group after 1 year. Conclusion A total of 15% of the children with chronic defaecation problems seen at a referral centre could surprisingly be helped by a simple education programme with, demystification and toilet training. Further studies evaluating treatment in children with defaecation problems should account for the primary effect of these measures. Received: 30 July 1996 and in revised form: 30 November 1996 / Accepted: 11 January 1997     

Otorhinolaryngological training in Europe—a comparative study

Postgraduate training in the United Kingdom is undergoing radical changes following the `Calman Report'. Commissioned in response to a European Union (EU) Directive, this contained recommendations to allow reciprocal recognition of all EU trained specialists. We present the findings of a postal questionnaire sent to representatives of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies and the otolaryngology professors of the UK and Ireland with a response rate of 62.7%. Aspects assessed included clinical and surgical experience, examinations, teaching, research, length, regulation and perception of training. The programmes share similar teaching and research experience but substantial differences exist in most other areas. The accredited UK trainee has a much wider clinical and surgical repertoire than those from the Continent. Greek trainees were trained to the lowest minimum standard. The requirements of a training system are largely determined by the level of clinical experience and surgical skill required by an independent specialist in a given country.     

How to organize gynecologic oncology in the future: Results of an internationalquestionnaire

Vergote IB, de Oliveira CF, Dargent D. How to organize gynecologic oncologyin the future: Results of an international questionnaire. Int J GynecolCancer 1997; 7: 368–375.
A questionnaire was sent to 93 gynecologic oncologists from 54 countriesabout the way in which gynecologic oncology was organized in their country, orif the (sub)speciality wasnot yet recognized, how they thought it should be organized. The questionnairewas answered by 64 persons from 42 different countries. The subspecialty wasrecognised in 17 (41%) of the countries. Fifty-five respondents (86%) thought thatgynecologic oncology should be a subspecialty of obstetrics and gynecology. Themedian duration of the gynecologiconcologic fellowship program was 30 months. Diagnosis and surgery accounted forabout 58% of the duration of the program. In 52% of the answersfrom countries with boardcertification, the fellows had to pass a theoretical and practical examination,and in addition 22% of the candidates had to defend a thesis to qualifyfor certification.Training centers in countries that recognized gynecologic oncology had amedian number of 142 new cases per year (for 1 fellow). The median number ofgynecologic oncologogistsand fellows per 10⁽⁷⁾ inhabitants in countries with boardcertification in gynecologic oncology was 42 and 6, respectively. Finally, theimportant role of internationalsocieties (like the International Gynecologic Cancer Society and the EuropeanSociety of Gynaecological Oncology) in supporting the countries withoutrecognized GynecologicOncology was stressed by the respondents. The setting up of internationalstandards for training programs, training centers, board certification, and theorganization ofinternational exchange programs for fellows seemed to be equally important,according to the questionnaire responses.     

Training Staff in an Adolescent Inpatient Psychiatric Unit in Positive Approaches to Managing Aggressive and Harmful Behaviour: Does it Improve Confidence and Knowledge?

This study examined the implementation of a model of managing aggressive and harmful behaviour in an adolescent in-patient psychiatric unit. This model, Positive Behaviour Management, replaced a previous model, Control and Restraint, which was considered unsuitable. Both models included the use of physical interventions, and the research into such techniques is considered. The aims of the study were to evaluate the effects of three training courses on staff confidence in managing aggressive behaviour, knowledge about good practice and staff satisfaction with the new model. A multiple baseline design was used to examine change before, during and after the training period, and at one-year follow-up. The study found that staff confidence increased significantly following training but had returned to baseline levels by the time of follow-up. Staff knowledge significantly increased during the study periods but did not appear to be directly linked to the training courses, and was maintained at one-year follow-up. Staff reported significantly higher levels of satisfaction with the new model than with the previous model, which were maintained at follow-up. The findings of the study and the difficulties encountered are discussed in relation to similar findings elsewhere.