干细胞动员对骨创伤大鼠免疫功能的保护作用

目的：观察自体干细胞动员对骨创伤大鼠的免疫功能的保护作用，为战创伤后的免疫抑制及继发性感染、系统性炎症反应等治疗提供依据。方法：挤压折断法复制大鼠双后肢股骨骨折模型，于致伤后0、24、48h连续给模型动物肌肉注射GM—CSF20μg／kg，致伤后72h细胞增殖法检测T、B淋巴细胞活性，ELISA法检测血清IL-1、IL-2、IFN-7、TNF—α浓度，自动系列化分析法检测C3、CA、IgM、IgG浓度，称重法观察脾重与体重的比例变化。结果：股骨骨折模型大鼠致伤后72h，GM—CSF动员骨髓干细胞组大鼠的T、B淋巴细胞活性和血清IFN-γ、IL-2浓度高于对照组（P〈0．01），IL-1、TNF—α浓度低于对照组（P〈0．01），血清C3、CA、IgM、IgG浓度及脾／体重比值高于对照组（P〈0．01）。结论：GM—CSF动员自体干细胞动员对大鼠骨创伤诱导的免疫功能抑制具有保护作用。     

Smoking delays chondrogenesis in a mouse model of closed tibial fracture healing.

Smoking delays the healing process and increases morbidity associated with many common musculoskeletal disorders, including long bone fracture. In the current study, a murine model of tibial fracture healing was used to test the hypothesis that smoking delays chondrogenesis after fracture. Mice were divided into two groups, a nonsmoking control group and a group exposed to cigarette smoke for 1 month prior to surgical tibial fracture. Mice were euthanized at 7, 14, and 28 days after surgery. The outcomes measured were immunohistochemical staining for type II collagen protein expression as a marker of cartilage matrix and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) staining to measure proliferation at the site of injury. Toluidine blue staining and histomorphometry were used to quantify areas of cartilaginous and noncartilaginous fracture callus. Radiographs were analyzed for evidence of remodeling after injury. At day 7 after injury, mice exposed to cigarette smoke had a smaller fracture callus with less cartilage matrix compared to controls. Proliferation was present at high levels in both groups at this time point, but proliferating cells had a more immature morphology in the smoking group. At day 14, chondrogenesis was more active in smokers compared to controls, while a higher percentage of bone was present in the control animals. At day 28, X-ray analysis revealed a larger fracture callus remaining in the smoking animals. Together, these findings show that the chondrogenic phase of tibial fracture healing is delayed by smoking. This study represents, to our knowledge, the first analysis of molecular and cellular mechanisms of healing in a smoking mouse fracture model.     

水泥型羟基磷灰石人工骨的制备及性能分析(英文)

目的:制备水泥型羟基磷灰石人工骨,并进行性能分析。方法:高温法制备出磷酸四钙,然后在模拟体内环境下将其与无水磷酸氢钙发生水化固化反应,合成水泥型羟基磷灰石人工骨,采用X线衍射、扫描电镜观察、体积密度、吸水率、孔隙率及耐压强度测量进行性能分析。结果:该人工骨主要成分为低结晶度的羟基磷灰石;微观结构呈针状或花瓣状晶体构成,微孔直径约4-10 μm,孔隙相互交通;平均体积密度为1.922 g·cm~(-3);平均吸水率为15.503％;孔隙率为29.777％;耐压强度为42.70 MPa。结论:本研究所制人工骨具有三维空间结构,力学性能符合人体非负重骨植骨要求。     

胎儿主要肢骨发育时间表──超声骨龄

用Ｂ超检测正常妊娠中的胎儿。选择受精龄为１２至３８整周（ｃｏｍｐｌｅｔｅｄｗｅｅｋ）的胎儿２９７例。测量其主要肢骨（干）长度。并将所测数据进行统计学处理。结果表明胎儿肢骨的生长发育与胎龄有显著的正相关关系。     

Artificial bone of porous tricalcium phosphate ceramics and its preliminary clinical application

Summary The authors have prepared the artificial bone of porous tricalcium phosphate ceramics according to an appropriate formula and manufacturing technology. Physical and chemical testing shows that it possesses several distinguishing features: the communicating pores and macro/micropores; mean pore size, 380 μm (from 240 μm to 510 μm); porosity, 46.4 %; and compressive strength, 97.4 kg/cm². It consists of CaO (49.09 %) and P₂O₅ (48.84 %). The testing of its biocompatibility shows that it is devoid of systemic or local toxicity, and free of irritation or foreign body response in tissues, and it does not result in hemolysis or mutation. The new bone readily grows into its pores with direct contact to the implanted material. 11 cases of bone defects were treated with this artificial bone with satisfactory results.     

脑干区占位病变的手术入路

本文报告了1990年5月以来脑干区大型、复杂占位病变15例.其中,位于脑干内3例,脚间窝2例,岩尖部4例,全岩骨区1例,全斜坡区2例,第四脑室内3例.本组采用以扩大了的岩骨入路为主的联合入路,行肿瘤全切除8例,次全切除5例.2例仅作了活检加减压术.除1例死亡外,均恢复良好.本文结合文献,对脑干区手术入路进行了讨论.     

Computer-Assisted Design of an Implantable, Intrathoracic Artificial Lung

Abstract: A semiempirical mathematical model of convective oxygen transport is used to design a new, low pressure loss, implantable artificial lung that could be used as a bridge to lung transplantation in patients with advanced respiratory failure. The mass transfer and flow friction relations pertinent to the design of a cross–flow hollow fiber membrane lung are described. The artificial lung is designed to transfer over 200 ml/min of oxygen at blood flow rates up to 5 L/min. A compact design and a blood-side pressure loss of <15 mm Hg allows the device to be implanted in the left chest without the need for a prosthetic blood pump. Surgical implantation of the artificial lung would require the creation of inflow and outflow anastomoses. Oxygen would be supplied via an external source. Blood properties, operating conditions, and empirically determined mass transfer and flow properties are all specified and input into a computer program that numerically solves the design equations. Computer–generated values for the device frontal area, blood path length, and fiber surface area are thereby obtained. The use of this computer–assisted design minimizes the need for extensive trial–and–error testing of prototype devices. Results from in vitro tests of a prototype implantable lung indicate that the mathematical model we describe is an accurate and useful tool in the design of hollow fiber artificial lungs.     

The Mitek mini anchor in the treatment of the gamekeeper's thumb

The fixation of a distally ruptured ulnar collateral ligament of the MP 1 (Metacarpophalangeal) joint without a portion of ligament which can be sutured or a small bony fragment can be accomplished with a variety of methods, most of which require drillholes through borth cortices and a counter incision as well as the removal of the material at a second stage [1, 11, 13, 15]. The Mitek bone mini anchor (Ethicon-Mitek®) proved to be a reliable and quick alternative [10, 12, 16, 18, 19]. It was successfully used in eleven patients with excellent stability of the reconstructed joint.     

便携式野战—Ⅰ型多功能骨科手术器械

一种便携式野战多功能骨科手术器械。重量仅１．１ｋｇ，体积为２１５ｍｍ×１０５ｍｍ×１５ｍｍ，如铅笔盒，而功能多达３３种，具有结构紧凑、操作简便、一械多用、轻巧便携。价廉实用、效价比高的特点。是基层巡诊、抢险救灾救治中适用的骨科器械。