Early Designs for the Occlusal Anatomy of Posterior Denture Teeth: Part III

Part III of this series of articles, like Part II, reviews the pioneering efforts in the 19th century to improve the quality of artificial teeth. The focus of this article, unlike that of Part II, is specifically modifications in the design of the occlusal anatomy of the 19th century denture teeth, along with the theories of mandibular movement that inspired those modifications. This article concludes the introductory phase of this project, which seeks to unravel the confusing history of the development of (posterior) denture teeth.     

In Vivo Studies of Pulsatile Implantable Impeller Assist and Total Hearts

Abstract: A pulsatile impeller assist heart and a total heart were tested as a chronic left ventricular assist device in 5 calves and an acute biventricular assist device in 4 pigs respectively, to evaluate their blood compatibility. During the left ventricular assist experiments, the indicators for hemolysis, thrombogenesis, renal dysfunction, and hepatic dysfunction were measured preoperatively, at the beginning of the pumping, 6 h postoperatively, and every following day. The results demonstrated that the impeller assist heart causes no severe blood damage nor organ dysfunction in the experiments lasting up to 11 days. In biventricular assist experiments, the number of red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and the he-matocrit, hemoglobin, free hemoglobin, and lactate dehy-drogenase levels were tested preoperatively at the beginning of the pumping and every 2 h postoperatively. The data remained in acceptable ranges during experiments lasting 6 h. It is confirmed that the authors' impeller assist heart and total heart have the advantages of simplicity, implantability, and pulsatility with good blood compatibility.     

新生儿骨矿质含量及影响因素的研究

应用双光子及单光子吸收测定技术，检测了９２名出生３ｄ内的新生儿骨矿质含量，其中巨大儿３０名，正常体重儿３２名，低出生体重儿３０名，其孕龄分别是４０．１±０．７、３９．１±１．５和３７．４±１．２孕周。结果表明，巨大儿、正常体重儿、低出生体重儿的全身骨矿质含量分别是１０１．６±２８．８、８５．２±１９．８、５９．９±２７．２ｇ／ｃｍ２，巨大儿骨矿质含量最高，正常体重儿次之，低出生体重儿最低，差异有显著性（Ｐ＜０．０１）。颅骨、肱骨、股骨的骨矿质含量与全身的骨矿质含量有高度的相关性，相关系数分别是０．９４３、０．８７９和０．７４５（Ｐ＜０．０１）。全身的骨矿质含量与出生体重、孕龄及头围有高度相关性，相关系数分别是０．７５５、０．５９６和０．５５６（Ｐ＜０．０１）。提示颅骨、肱骨及股骨的任一部位均可代表全身的骨矿质含量，肱骨是确定全身骨矿质含量较好的部位，新生儿骨矿质含量受出生体重、孕龄及头围的影响较大。     

Ridge number density: A new parameter for in vivo bone structure analysis

An advanced analysis of the mechanical properties of bone should include information about the microarchitecture of cancellous bone in addition to its density. It has recently been shown that high-resolution quantitative computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging have the potential to assess such information in a noninvasive way in patients. Both techniques, however, lack sufficient spatial resolution to image the individual trabeculae with true precision. In this work, a new parameter, Ridge number density (RND), is introduced. RND is a measure for the trabecular number, which can be extracted directly from high-resolution three-dimensional (3D) images of patients. We applied the RND technique to a test group of nine healthy, postmenopausal women measured repetitively with a high-resolution 3D peripheral quantitative computed tomography (3D-pQCT) system with 165 × 165 × 165 μm³ voxel size. Simultaneously with the RND determination, the trabecular bone density (TBD) was also assessed in the same volume of interest. The examination site was the distal radius. The intersubject variability of the measured test group was 10.5% for RND and 26.3% for TBD. The root mean square error between first and second examinations (midterm reproducibility) was 1.6% and 1.1%, respectively. RND is determined independently from TBD and pertains to the structure of the cancellous bone. As such, it might add crucial information in cases where bone mass or bone density measurements alone give ambigous results.     

颞耳岩锥长轴方向的确定和应用

用头颅表面两个标志点确定岩锥长轴方向，指导梅氏（Ｍａｙｅｒ）位和斯氏（Ｓｔｅｎｖｅｒｓ）位摄影操作。对１２０例正常头颅ＣＴ图像进行测量，进行统计学处理，确定正常人岩锥长轴前延长线与头颅表面交点的大概位置。结果为：岩锥长轴前延长线交于对侧听眦线外眦后０．８２～２．９０ｃｍ区间，平均值左为１．６６ｃｍ，右为１．８２ｃｍ。结论，以平均值的邻值２ｃｍ为常数，即对侧听眦线外眦后２ｃｍ为岩锥长轴前延长线的前端体表定位标志，与其后端的乳突最突点共同确定岩锥长轴方向。     

胎骨移植治疗骨肿瘤缺损：附10例报告

近3年来，用制备的胎骨充填良性骨肿瘤及病样病变术后骨缺损，经观察10例效果良好。胎骨因其自身组织学和生理学特点，具有抗原性小、诱导成骨活性高，利于“爬行各代”等优点。而且来源丰富、采制简单、储存容易、费用低度，是一种良好的植骨材料，特别适于儿童及年老体弱患者自身取骨困难的骨缺损植骨需要。但其为异体骨，有一定免疫原性，抗支撑强度略差，应注意严格无菌操作、消除免疫原性、配合使用内、外固定等措施。     

生物活性材料义眼台

由于病变和外伤等原因，使一些人眼球摘除，留下外现缺陷。医学上使用义眼台植入眼眶，在上面按装义眼以矫治外形。从前使用的义眼台用玻璃球或硅橡胶制作，使用中均有种类不同的缺点，即无生物活性、密度大等。医学界希望有新型医用材料临床应用。采用液态化学方法合成羟基磷灰石，使羟基磷灰石和微晶玻璃混匀，制成生物活性材料。生物材料和粘结剂、造孔剂，辅助剂一同制成生坯，以适当的温度焙烧成多孔结构义眼台。对材料进行了动物实验与临床应用。动物实验表明，材料具有优异的生物相容性和一定的生物活性。临床应用效果良好。本材料是制备义眼台的新材料。本文就材料研究、动物实验、义眼台的生产工艺进行了探讨。     

Antitumor activity of normal bone marrow cells

After separation of normal murine bone marrow cells in a Percoll density gradient cellular fractions with densities of 1.076 and 1.060 g/ml are capable of suppressing thein vitro growth of leukemia cells. The cytostatic activity of these fractions, however, does not surpass the level of antitumor antiproliferative activity intrinsic to intact bone marrow cells. These cells were found to be capable of joining the splenocytes, thymocytes, and lymph node cells in effector cytostatic cooperation and thus enhance the final antitumor effect. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o 8, pp. 181–183, August, 1995     

Benign osteoblastoma of the parietal bone

A 5-year-old girl presented with a 1-year history of a subcutaneous swelling in the right parietal region. There were no cerebral symptoms or signs. Plain X-ray of the skull showed a lytic bony lesion with sclerotic margin. Computed tomography showed a hypodense, osteolytic lesion with thinned and bulged inner and outer skull tables with intact continuity. There was no intracranial lesion. At operation, the mass was found to be pink and granular, and was totally enucleated. Histology revealed it to be a benign osteoblastoma.     

白内障超声乳化吸出及囊袋内人工晶体植入术

为观察和评价超声乳化白内障吸出术的临床效果、特点、并发病及防治措施，对４１　眼白内障施行超声乳化吸出术及小切口（６ｍｍ）囊袋内人工晶体植入术，并以同期的白内障患者４１眼行现代囊外摘除及后房型人工晶体植入做对照。结果：术后６个月，视力≥１．０者占４３．９％＞０．８者占７０．７≥０．５者占９２．７％，均明显高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．００１），术后平均散光为１．０４±０．８１，１，低于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。白内障超声乳化吸出并囊袋内人工晶体植入术的复明效果优于囊外摘除并后房型人工晶体植入术。