急性坏死性胰腺炎大鼠胰腺高迁移率族蛋白-1的表达及意义

目的探讨急性坏死性胰腺炎(ANP)大鼠模型胰腺组织高迁移率族蛋白-1(HMGB1)的表达及其意义。方法72只大鼠随机分成3组,即对照组、ANP组和正丁酸钠治疗组(治疗组)。逆行性胰胆管注射5%牛磺胆酸钠建立ANP模型。ELISA法检测血清TNF-α和IL-1β水平;RT-PCR法检测胰腺组织HMGB1 mRNA的表达,并观察其病理变化。结果ANP组血清TNF-α和IL-1β水平在ANP建模后6h达高峰,12h下降。ANP组大鼠胰腺组织HMGB1 mRNA表达水平在ANP后12h明显升高,至24h仍维持在较高水平。治疗组胰腺组织HMGB1 mRNA表达水平在ANP后12,24h明显低于ANP组(P<0.05),且同期胰腺损伤比ANP组轻(P<0.05)。建模后24h血清TNF-α和IL-1β水平ANP组与治疗组间差异无显著性。结论HMGB1作为晚期炎症因子参与了ANP的全身炎症反应。HMGB1抑制剂正丁酸钠能降低ANP大鼠胰腺组织HMGB1基因表达水平,减轻ANP胰腺组织的损伤。     

实验性2型糖尿病大鼠模型的建立和评价(Ⅰ)——体重、血糖和肝糖原的变化

目的：用高脂饲料加小剂量STZ腹腔注射建立实验性2型糖尿病大鼠模型。方法：采用Wistar大鼠,分为正常对照组、高脂饲料组、小剂量STZ组（30 mg/kg）和高脂饲料加小剂量STZ（30 mg/kg）组,每10 d测定大鼠体重、空腹血糖和肝糖原等指标,连续50 d,对各组大鼠上述指标进行比较和评价。结果：①体重：高脂饲料组大鼠体重呈连续上升趋势,小剂量STZ组和高脂饲料加小剂量STZ组大鼠体重呈先降低再恢复的趋势;②空腹血糖：高脂饲料组大鼠空腹血糖轻微升高,小剂量STZ组大鼠空腹血糖呈上升的趋势,高脂饲料加小剂量STZ组大鼠空腹血糖呈明显上升趋势;③肝糖原：高脂饲料组大鼠肝糖原明显升高,小剂量STZ组、高脂饲料加小剂量STZ组大鼠肝糖原未见明显改变;结论：高脂饲料加小剂量STZ腹腔注射能成功诱导2型糖尿病大鼠模型,这种造模方法具有成模后血糖维持在较高水平、自身缓解较少、症状较轻和动物状态良好等优点。     

胶束液相色谱法测定动物肌肉中三聚氰胺残留量

目的 建立胶束HPLC测定动物肌肉中三聚氰胺残留量的分析方法。方法 样品在酸性条件下，用乙 腈-磷酸盐缓冲液提取。以胶束溶液作为流动相，用HPLC测定，外标法定量。结果 线性范围为（0.1～10.0）mg/L，相关系数为0.9996。动物肌肉在（0.5～5.0）mg/kg添加水平范围内，回收 率在80%～110%。相对标准偏差〈10%。方法的最低检出限0.5mg/kg。结论该法实用、准确，为动物肌肉中 三聚氰胺残留量检测提供了可行的方法。     

Emerging diseases, zoonoses and vaccines to control them

Vaccination, when available, is undoubtedly the most cost-effective means of preventing and controlling, and even eradicating, infectious diseases. In recent years vaccination has also been used for other purposes in animal health, production and welfare, e.g. immunocastration.Vaccination of animals serves many different purposes, such as controlling animal infections and infestations, thus improving animal health and welfare; controlling anthropozoonoses and food poisoning in humans, thereby protecting public health; solving problems associated with antibiotic and anthelmintic resistance; helping to leave food-producing animals free of chemical residues; protecting the environment and biodiversity and ensuring animal farming sustainability. The problem is nevertheless more complex when facing emerging or re-emerging infections particularly zoonotic ones.     

可溶性fms-样酪氨酸激酶受体-1不同基因片段对视网膜新生血管的抑制作用

Objective To investigate the inhibitory effects of fms-like typrosine kinase receptor sFh-1 on retinal neovascularization (RNV). Methods Recombinant lentivirus sFh-1 ( 2-3 ) and sFh-1 ( 2-4 )expressing the sFh-1 (2-3) and (2-4) immunoglobulin-like regions of sFh-1 were constructed. 96 seven-dayold C57/6J mice were randomly divided into 4 groups with 24 mice in each group. Group 1 : normal control;group 2: experimental control; group 3: sFlt-1(2-3); group 4: sFlt-1(2-4). The mice in group 2-4 were exposed to hyperoxia with (75±2)% O2 for 5 days and then returned to normoxia with 21% O2 ; the mice     

放血和饥饿致家兔血虚证模型的造模及实验研究

本文首次采用放血与饥饿相结合的方法,以较长的时间复合因素制作了29只家兔血虚模型,并就其生物学特性,血液流变学、微循环、心钠素等变化进行观察,同时还观察了补血中药的疗效,结果较满意.该模型具有简便、客观、定量、可重复等特点.     

重症胰腺炎动物模型制作及发病机理的研究

为探讨胰腺炎的发病机理，作者采用大鼠（ｎ＝５８只）十二指肠结扎法和犬（ｎ＝４６条）胰管内注射自身胆汁法制作重症胰腺炎的动物模型。该模型接近人类急性胰腺炎的发病因素，方法可靠，操作简便，费用便宜。前者适用于小动物实验，后者宜于大动物实验。作者认为胰管内压力增高和微生物是急性胰腺炎的重要条件；胰酶激活始动时间早在胰管内胆汁和肠液的反流后，胰酶激活的主要部位在腺泡细胞。     

枸杞多糖对高温损伤小鼠睾丸曲细精管影响的电镜观察

为研究枸杞多糖对小鼠睾丸生细红胞的作用，本次以热吹风器对小鼠双侧睾丸透热(B组)，另取正常不透热小鼠为空白对照（A组)，蒸馏水灌胃对照(C组)和透热后灌鼠枸杞多糖(D组)，进行实验观察，待B、C、D各组于透热结束后即刻、3天、1周、2周，5周处死动物，取双侧睾丸，常规作光镜和电镜观察。实验结果表明，B组各期生精细胞进行性受损，属肿胀溶解性细胞变性坏死过程，D组则在1周时受损部位和程度未见进行性加重，5周对基本恢复正常，提示枸杞多糖有明显的抗高温，保护生精细胞作用。     

5-HT1A receptor agonists: recent developments and controversial issues

During the last decade, serotonin (5-HT)_1A receptors have been a major target for neurobiological research and drug development. 5-HT_1A receptors have been cloned and a variety of selective agonists, such as the aminotetraline 8-OH-DPAT and the pyrimidinylpiperazine ipsapirone, have become available. Demonstrations of apparent intrinsic activity of these ligands at 5-HT_1A receptors, however, depend highly on the particular assay system. This may be due to the possible existence of receptor subtypes and to assay (or brain region)-dependent differences in receptor reserve and the nature of receptor-effector coupling. Nevertheless, the apparent intrinsic activity of 8-OH-DPAT seems to be higher (although possibly not yet maximal) than that of the pyrimidinylpiperazines. In the brain, 5-HT_1A receptors are located presynaptically as somatodendritic receptors on 5-HT neurons and postsynaptically in particular limbic and cortical regions. Although it is generally accepted that presynaptic 5-HT_1A receptors control 5-HT neuronal activity, recent evidence suggests an additional role of postsynaptic 5-HT_1A receptors in cortex as part of a negative feedback loop. Anxiolytic and antidepressive properties of selective 5-HT_1A receptor agonists have now been confirmed by clinical studies. Although it is well established that the latter properties depend on theagonistic activity of these compounds, theoptimal level of intrinsic activity is still a matter of debate and may be dependent on the clinical indication. Such compounds may also have antiaggressive effects, and possibly anticraving effects (manifested by their alcohol intake-reducing effects in dependent animals), but the specificity of these so-called anti-impulsivity effects is still controversial and not yet tested clinically. Anticataleptic, antiemetic and neuroprotective properties have been demonstrated in different species. Behavioral studies on the mechanisms underlying the anxiolytic and antidepressive effects have examined the relative contribution of pre-and postsynaptic 5-HT_1A receptors by means of local cerebral application and lesion techniques. Most evidence points towards a critical involvement of presynaptic receptors in the anxiolytic effects of 5-HT_1A receptor agonists (although a possible contribution of postsynaptic receptors cannot be excluded). With regard to the antidepressive properties, a case can be made for the reverse; i.e., a strong involvement of postsynaptic receptors and a questionable contribution of presynaptic receptors. However, as the therapeutic effects of those 5-HT_1A receptor (partial) agonists which have been tested clinically require repeated administration, attention has been directed increasingly towards chronic studies. These studies have shown that a number of electrophysiological, biochemical, behavioral and endocrinological 5-HT_1A receptor-related events adapt differentially to repeated or sustained administration. Thus, several hypotheses accounting for the delayed onset of action have been advanced. Among these, time-dependent downregulation /desensitization of eitherpre- orpostsynaptic 5-HT_1A receptors, or cortical 5-HT₂ receptors have received much attention. However, these hypotheses have their weaknesses, and it is argued thatfunctional sensitization of particular postsynaptic 5-HT_1A receptor-mediated events remains a valuable alternate hypothesis. Basic research on the role of 5-HT_1A receptors in psychopathology and in the therapeutic effects of clinically effective therapeutics, as well as on the mechanism of action of 5-HT_1A receptor ligands, will enable rational design of ligands with particular profiles of intrinsic activity at different 5-HT_1A receptor populations, and may contribute to a more efficient treatment of a multiplicity of brain disorders.