三维CT血管造影在颌面部动静脉畸形诊断中的应用

目的探讨三维CT血管造影（3D—CTA）图像对口腔颌面部动静脉畸形（AVMs）的诊断价值。方法分析8例口腔颌面部AVMs患者的临床资料,观察3D—CTA对病灶形态、大小、范围、边界、骨质破坏、供血动脉和引流静脉的显示情况。结果8例AVMs患者5例发生在颌面部软组织．3例发生在下颌骨：3D—CTA均显示病灶为紊乱的血管团和血窦,边界清楚;一、二级供血动脉和引流静脉增粗、突起、扭曲;4例可见骨质吸收破坏。结论3D—CTA能准确有效地显示动静脉脉畸形的形态特点和供血动脉及引流静脉．能提供较多的诊断信息。     

A new perspective in Oral health: potential importance and actions of melatonin receptors MT1, MT2, MT3, and RZR/ROR in the oral cavity

Background

Melatonin is involved in many physiological processes in mammals, amongst others; it is implicated in sleep–wake regulation. It has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. It also acts as an immunomodulator, stimulates bone metabolism and inhibits various tumours. Additionally an abnormal melatonin rhythm may contribute to depression and insomnia. The mechanisms of action of melatonin include the involvement of membrane receptors (MT1, MT2), cytosolic binding sites (MT3 and calmodulin), and nuclear receptors of the RZR/ROR family. Melatonin also has receptor-independent activity and can directly scavenge free radicals. The current review addresses the functions of melatonin in the oral cavity in relation to its receptors.

Methods

An extensive search was conducted on the following scientific databases Pub Med, Science Direct, ISI Web of Knowledge and Cochrane database in order to review all pertinent literature.

Results

Melatonin from the blood into the saliva may play an important role in suppressing oral diseases. It may have beneficial effects in periodontal disease, herpes and oral cancer, amongst others.

Conclusions

Melatonin contributes to protecting of oral cavity from tissue damage due to its action of different receptors. From the reviewed literature it is concluded that experimental evidence suggests that melatonin can be useful in treating several common diseases of the oral cavity. Specific studies are necessary to extend the therapeutic possibilities of melatonin to other oral diseases.     

Evaluation of arterial grafts prior to coronary bypass in pseudoxanthoma elasticum

Pseudoxanthoma elasticum is a rare, inherited connective tissue disorder associated with coronary and peripheral arterial disease and accelerated atherosclerosis in medium sized arteries. We describe 110-month symptom-free survival in a patient with pseudoxanthoma elasticum who underwent coronary bypass using the left internal mammary artery at 56 years of age. The vessel was evaluated pre-operatively with angiography to determine suitability, and he has not required further investigation or intervention due to lack of symptoms.     

寰枕融合患者椎动脉走行的CT血管成像研究及其临床意义

目的观察先天性寰枕融合患者椎动脉走行的解剖学特征及其在颅颈交界区后路内固定手术中的临床意义。方法回顾自2007年1月-2010年10月施行CT血管造影检查的48例先天性寰枕融合患者诊断与治疗经过,观察分析其椎动脉解剖走行特点。结果根据椎动脉分支和行程,48例患者96侧椎动脉共分为5种类型：Ⅰ型,椎动脉单干,走行于枕骨化的寰椎后弓和枢椎椎板之间,共19侧（19．79％）;Ⅱ型,椎动脉单干,走行于寰椎与枕骨之间的骨孔,共43侧（44．79％）;Ⅲ型,椎动脉单干,走行于枕骨与寰椎后弓之间,共29侧（30．21％）;Ⅳ型,椎动脉开窗,一支走行于枕骨化的寰椎后弓下方,一支走行于寰椎和枕骨之间,入硬脑膜后重新汇合成椎动脉,共3侧（3．13％）;Ⅴ型,椎动脉发育细小或缺如,共2侧（2．08％）。结论先天性寰枕融合患者,椎动脉解剖走行变异较大。对于Ⅰ型和Ⅳ型椎动脉患者,神经外科手术显露时损伤椎动脉的风险较高;而Ⅱ型和Ⅲ型椎动脉患者,遵守严格的骨膜下分离操作原则可降低椎动脉损伤风险。手术前行CT血管造影并结合骨性结构融合特点,能够明显降低手术损伤的风险。     

64层螺旋CT血管成像对颅内动脉瘤的诊断价值

目的探讨64层螺旋CT血管成像(CTA)对颅内动脉瘤的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析经手术或DSA证实的颅内动脉瘤40例,所有患者均行64层螺旋CT头颈部血管成像,分析颅内动脉瘤的图像资料,评价动脉瘤自身情况及合并的颅内病理状态,比较CTA与手术或DSA的符合情况。结果 40例患者44个颅内动脉瘤,CTA准确诊断44个动脉瘤,误判1个,诊断符合率与手术及DSA分别为100%和96.2%。CTA准确评价动脉瘤的位置、大小、瘤颈、瘤顶指向、载瘤动脉及其与邻近血管和骨性组织间的解剖关系及合并的颅内病理状态。结论 64层螺旋CT血管成像诊断颅内动脉瘤有较高的准确性,可作为手术或介入治疗动脉瘤的术前常规诊断方法。     

Is Transradial Cerebral Angiography Feasible and Safe? A Single Center's Experience

Objective

Although a transradial angiography is accepted as the gold standard for cardiovascular procedures, cerebral angiography has been performed via transfemoral approach in most institutions. The purpose of this study is to present our experience concerning the feasibility, efficacy, and safety of a transradial approach to cerebral angiography as an alternative to a transfemoral approach.

Methods

Between February 2007 and October 2009, a total of 1,240 cerebral angiographies were performed via a transradial approach in a single center. The right radial approach was used as an initial access route. The procedure continued only after the ulnar artery was proven to provide satisfactory collateral perfusion according to two tests (a modified Allen''s test and forearm angiography).

Results

The procedural success rate was 94.8% with a mean duration of 28 minutes. All supra-aortic vessels were successfully catheterized with a success rate of 100%. The success rates of selective catheterization to the right vertebral artery, right internal carotid artery, left internal carotid artery, and left vertebral artery were 96.1%, 98.6%, 82.6% and 52.2%, respectively. The procedure was performed more than twice in 73 patients (5.9%), including up to 4 times in 2 patients. The radial artery occlusion was found in 4 patients (5.4%) on follow-up cerebral angiography, but no ischemic symptoms were observed in any of the cases.

Conclusion

This study suggests that cerebral angiography using a transradial approach can be performed with minimal risk of morbidity. In particular, this procedure might be useful for follow-up angiographies and place less stress on patients.