Fluorescence visualization of the intersegmental plane by bronchoscopic instillation of indocyanine green into the targeted segmental bronchus: determination of the optimal settings

ObjectiveTo determine the appropriate amount of indocyanine green for bronchial insufflation.MethodsWe enrolled 20 consecutive patients scheduled for anatomical segmentectomy in the Kochi Medical School Hospital. After inducing general anesthesia, 6 to 60 mL of 200-fold-diluted indocyanine green (0.0125 mg/mL) was insufflated into the subsegmental bronchi in the targeted pulmonary segmental bronchus. The volume of the targeted pulmonary segments was calculated using preoperative computed tomography. Fluorescence spread in the segmental alveoli was visualized using a dedicated near-infrared thoracoscope.ResultsThe targeted segment was uniformly visualized by indocyanine green fluorescence in 16/20 (80.0%) cases after insufflating indocyanine green. A receiver operating characteristic curve indicated that the area under the curve was 0.984; the optimal cut-off volume of diluted indocyanine green for insufflation was 8.91% of the calculated targeted pulmonary segment volume.ConclusionsThe setting for indocyanine green insufflation was optimized for near-infrared fluorescence image-guided anatomical segmentectomy. By injecting the correct amount of indocyanine green, fluorescence-guided anatomical segmentation may be performed more appropriately.     

Evaluation of volume of the sphenoid sinus according to sex,facial type,skeletal class,and presence of a septum: a cone-beam computed tomographic study

We have used cone-beam computed tomographic (CT) images to retrospectivelyevaluate the influence of sex, skeletal class, facial type, and the presence of septa on the volume of the sphenoid sinus in 172 images from 85 men (mean (SD) age 28 (2) years) and 87 women (mean (SD) age 30 (1) years). Skeletal class and facial type were calculated for each patient from multiplanar reconstructions using NemoCeph® software. Volumetric analysis of the sphenoid sinus was made with the help of the ITK-SNAP® 3.4.0 segmentation software, while the presence or absence of septa in the sphenoid sinus was evaluated with the Carestream 3D Imaging® software 3.4.3. We analysed the results using two-way ANOVA, Student’s independent sample t test, and Fisher’s exact test, as appropriate, and probabilities of <0.05 were accepted as significant. Sex (p = 0.0946), facial type (p = 0.790), and skeletal class (p = 0.120) had no significant influence on the volume of the sphenoid sinus, and nor did the volumes of the right and left sphenoid sinuses (p = 0.0923), or the presence of a septum within the sinus (p = 0.330) in its volume.     

Transmastoid approach to the superior semicircular canal: An anatomical study

ObjectiveWe examined the anatomic features of the top of the superior semicircular canal (SSC) to help guide the surgeon considering resurfacing or plugging of an associated dehiscence, thorough the transmastoid (TM) approach.Methods19 selected cadaveric temporal bones, which had no supralabyrinthine tract, were dissected, and distances between the SSC and various structures within the temporal bone were measured with a, fine caliper.ResultsThe average distances from the sino-dural angle, horizontal canal top, and subacurate artery, to the top of the SSC were 31.1, 7.8, and 3.9 mm, within a small range. 7 (36.8%) out of 19 bones with a, low hanging tegmen needed a wide exposure and elevation of the dura to access the SSC top.ConclusionKnowledge of the anatomical details associated with the SSC from this study may help to, access the SCC dehiscence safely for resurfacing surgery via a TM approach.     

Acute high-grade acromioclavicular dislocations treated with triple button device (MINAR): Preliminary results

ObjectiveDescribe the clinical and radiological results of triple button device in the treatment of high-grade AC dislocations (Rockwood, type V) and assess whether improves vertical and horizontal stability compared to the techniques previously described.Material and methodsThis retrospective study included 39 patients with type V acromioclavicular dislocations treated with Twin Tail TightRope™ system (triple button device). Of the 39 patients, 33 (26 men and 7 women) were able to participate in clinical and radiographic follow up. At the time of surgery, the mean age was 25 years ± 7 (range, 17–49). All patients underwent bilateral-weighted Zanca (CC distance) and Alexander view (AC distance) as well as the Constant Score (CS) and Acromioclavicular Joint Instability Scoring System (ACJI). Radiological and clinical outcome was assessed during routine follow-up examinations preoperatively, postoperatively, 1, 3, 6 months and every year after the surgery. The presence of calcification, degenerative changes, mobilization of implants and bone resorption were also assessed.ResultsAfter a mean follow up of 25 ± 4 months (range 14–38), the results of the Constant (CS) were 94.1 ± 5,5 (range 76–100) and test ACJI 87.3 ± 9,8 (range 65–100), showing no significant differences with the uninjured shoulder (CS 95.8 ± 2.5, range 83–100; ACJI 94.1 ± 3.7, range 80–100). At final review, we observed that preoperative coracoclavicular distance (Zanca View) improved from 21,75 ± 1.97 mm to 8,73 mm ± 0.75 and the acromioclavicular distance (Alexander View) from 12,65 mm ± 1.99 to 0,35 ± 0.3 mm. Compared with healthy shoulder, these differences were not significant. There was no loss of reduction with this system in the vertical plane. 4 patients (12.12%) revealed signs of posterior instability with worse clinical test results. The presence of degenerative joint changes (6,06%), calcifications (27,2%) or mobilization of the implant (18,18%) was not associated with worse clinical outcomes.ConclusionTwin Tail device using minimally invasive technique improves stability in the vertical and, specially in the horizontal plane relative to the previously described techniques without increasing number of complications.     

A High Bifurcation of the Dorsal Branch with Dominant Superficial Palmar Branch of the Radial Artery: A Case Report of an Aberrant Radial Artery with Traumatic Aneurysm

Anatomical abnormalities such as unusual bifurcations or aberrant arteries of the radial artery are extremely rare and due to malformation or disruption of the vascular net. We present a case of a 64 year old woman with a high bifurcated dorsal branch of the left radial artery, consulting us for a pulsatile mass in the anatomical snuffbox after a fall. The mass measured 3–4 mm in diameter and was located on the dorsal aspect of the wrist over the anatomical snuffbox. Primary imaging studies using Duplex Ultrasound suggested an aneurysm of the radial artery, further imaging with arteriogram revealed a high bifurcation of the dorsal branch of the radial artery, presenting with an aneurysm. The deep palmar branch of the ulnar artery was the dominating vessel, allowing ligation and excision of the aneurysm. Histological evaluation revealed intimal wall hyperplasia within the aneurysm, suggesting an injury as initiating factor. A review of the literature showed that this abnormality of high bifurcation of the dorsal palmar branch of the radial artery has not been previously reported. Management of aneurysms at the wrist is discussed.     

股骨近端解剖型锁定接骨板治疗股骨转子间骨折的临床观察

目的：探讨股骨近端解剖型锁定接骨板治疗股骨转子间骨折的临床效果。方法38例转子间骨折患者采用切开复位,应用AO研制的股骨近端解剖型锁定接骨板内固定治疗。从骨折的临床愈合时间,术后髋关节功能恢复程度,术后并发症方面分析临床疗效。结果患者均获得随访,时间6个月~24个月,术后均未出现切口感染,肺栓塞,延迟愈合,骨不连,内置物断裂,股骨头坏死,股骨干及大转子骨折,髋内翻,骨髓炎等并发症,平均骨折愈合时间3.5个月。髋关节功能评分按Harris评分标准,平均（89.0±8.7）分。结论股骨近端解剖型锁定接骨板具有操作步骤简单,固定稳固,手术时间短,并发症少等优点,适用于转子间骨折的治疗。     

Predicting the presence and severity of obstructive sleep apnea based on mandibular measurements using quantitative analysis of facial profiles via three-dimensional photogrammetry

BackgroundIn obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), the upper airway is obstructed during sleep due to obesity and/or posterior collapse of the tongue root. Maxillofacial morphological abnormalities increase the risk of OSA in the Asian population. This study sought to elucidate whether three-dimensional (3D) photogrammetry measurements correlate with the severity of OSA irrespective of sex and degree of obesity.MethodsA prospective pilot study was performed, in which 37 consecutive adult patients (M/F = 28/9) underwent polysomnography and 3D photogrammetry in the supine position for the diagnosis of OSA. Measurements obtained from 3D photogrammetry included mandibular width (Mw), mandibular length (Ml), mandibular depth (Md), mandibular width–length angle (Mwla), and mandibular area (Ma). The effects of sex and body mass index (BMI) on the measurements and their association with the apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) were statistically analyzed. The inter-rater reliability of the measurements was evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC).ResultsMwla (R = 0.73, p < 0.01), Mw (R = 0.39, p < 0.05), and Md (R = ?0.34, p < 0.05) were significantly correlated with the severity of OSA. On multivariate analysis, Mwla (p < 0.01) and Md (p < 0.05) remained independent factors for AHI after adjusting for sex, age, BMI, and neck circumference. In addition, diagnosability analysis revealed that Mwla was useful for identifying the presence of OSA (AHI ≥5) (cutoff: 78.6°, sensitivity: 0.938, specificity: 0.800, area under the curve: 0.931). The ICC was >0.9, showing high reliability.ConclusionsThis study suggests that Mwla measured using 3D photogrammetry can predict the presence of OSA and correlates with the severity of OSA, independent of obesity and sex.     

Anatomical Variations in Stylopharyngeus Muscle Insertions Suggest Interindividual and Left/Right Differences in Pharyngeal Clearance Function of Elderly Patients: A Cadaveric Study

The stylopharyngeus plays a critical role in the clearance of the piriform recess. We dissected 78 sides of the pharynx from 55 donated cadavers and observed histology of another seven sides of the pharynx from seven cadavers. The stylopharyngeus consistently comprised (1) a descending muscle bundle surrounding the piriform recess and (2) an additional short sheet inserting into the tonsillar bed. Histologically, the former bundle connected to a thick fascia providing the lateral glossoepiglottic fold, extending along the submucosa of the piriform recess, and covering the thyroid cartilage, whereas the latter sheet intermingled with other pharyngeal wall muscles at and near the tonsillar bed. Notably, in 44.4% of female specimens, the additional sheet occupied a greater proportion in cross section than the descending muscle bundle. Given the different directions, the additional sheet seemed to check clearance function of the descending bundle for the piriform recess. Thus, particularly in women, interindividual differences in pharyngeal clearance were likely to depend on whether the additional sheet is strong or weak. Chin down in combination with tilting and rotating the head may represent effective exercises of the stylopharyngeus that could compensate for the disadvantages of additional insertion.     

Anatomical risk factors of lateral ankle sprain in adolescent athletes: A prospective cohort study

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to identify prospectively the anatomical and functional intrinsic risk factors for lateral ankle sprain (LAS) in adolescent athletes participating in team sports.DesignA prospective cohort study.SettingUniversity research laboratory.ParticipantsA total of 152 adolescent male athletes (age: 14.45 ± 2.96 years; height: 165.63 ± 15.33 cm; weight: 55.60 ± 16.56 kg; body mass index: 19.97 ± 3.58 kg/m²) participated in this study.Main outcome measuresThe participants were assessed during the preseason for previous ankle sprain history, navicular drop, tibia vara, Q angle, tibia torsion, knee recurvatum, and ankle ROM. LASs were prospectively recorded and diagnosed for two consecutive seasons (20 months).ResultsPrevious ankle sprain history (odds ratio [OR] = 60.911, p < 0.001), increased navicular drop (OR = 1.767, p < 0.001), and knee recurvatum (OR = 1.881, p = 0.002) were positively associated with the incidence of LAS. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses revealed the predictive potentials of previous ankle sprain history (the area under the ROC [AUROC] = 0.706, p < 0.001), navicular drop (AUROC = 0.906, p < 0.001), and knee recurvatum (AUROC = 0.724, p < 0.001).ConclusionAthletes with previous ankle sprain history, knee recurvatum, and especially navicular drop may have a greater risk of LAS injury. The data from this study can help therapists and trainers to identify people with a higher risk of LAS.