以家庭为中心护理模式在造口患儿中的应用研究

目的探讨以家庭为中心护理模式在造口患儿护理中的应用效果。方法将67例肠造口患儿按时间段分为对照组(34例)和观察组(33例),对照组按照常规方法护理,观察组采取以家庭为中心护理模式,包括心理护理和人文关怀,鼓励照护者参与全程护理,多途径的健康教育,建立出院指导标准。比较两组患儿术后住院时间,造口周围皮肤情况,以及家庭造口护理能力。结果观察组术后住院时间显著短于对照组(P0.01),造口周围皮肤情况显著优于对照组(P0.01),家庭造口护理能力4个维度及总分显著高于对照组(P0.05,P0.01)。结论以家庭为中心护理模式可有效改善患儿造口周围皮肤问题,缩短患儿术后住院时间,提高家庭造口护理能力。     

改良盲肠插管造口术在低位直肠癌保肛手术中的应用

目的：探讨改良盲肠插管造口术在低位直肠癌保肛术中的可行性。方法纳入我院肿瘤外科2009年8月～2013年8月期间的行直肠癌全系膜切除的低位直肠癌患者156例,随机分为：改良盲肠插管造口术组（试验组,76例）;未行预防性造口组（对照组,80例）,记录患者术后吻合口瘘的发生情况。结果试验组吻合口瘘发生率1.32%（1/76）,对照组8.75%（7/80）,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;试验组术后平均住院时间（12.1±2.8）d短于对照组（15.3±4.8）d,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论使用改良盲肠插管造口术可有效降低术后吻合口瘘的发生,缩短术后住院时间。     

Rapid construction of sigmoid bladder augmentation using absorbable staples: Long-term results and comparison to standard colocystoplasty in children with neurogenic bladder

ObjectiveAbsorbable staples facilitate detubularization and reconfiguration of the bowel when performing augmentation colocystoplasty. We compared the outcomes of stapled sigmoid augmentation with standard sutured colocystoplasty.Materials and methodsBetween 2003 and 2011, 108 children underwent bladder augmentation at our institution. Colocystoplasty was used in 30 patients (27.8%). Medical charts of children who underwent stapled (n = 8) or sutured (n = 22) sigmoid augmentation were compared with regard to patient demographics and surgical complications, including anastomotic leak and urolithiasis.ResultsEight children with underwent stapled sigmoid colocystoplasty. Average age at surgery was 8 years (range 4–17 years). Time to detubularize and refashion the bowel segment prior to augmentation was consistently under 5 min. Average length of follow-up was 44 months (range 12–80 months). One patient experienced anastomotic leak. Two of eight children (25%) in the stapled anastomosis cohort developed bladder stones. Twenty-two patients underwent standard sigmoid augmentation during the same time period (average age 8.2 years; range 4–16 years). One of 22 (4.5%) experienced anastomotic leak. Seven of 22 (31.8%) developed cystolithiasis.ConclusionsComplications from stapled sigmoid anastomosis are similar to those from standard colocystoplasty. Use of absorbable staples decreases operating time by avoiding bowel spatulation and suturing, and should be considered in pediatric patients undergoing colocystoplasty.     

基于行动研究实践理论的健康教育对直肠癌造口患者自我效能和自护能力的影响

目的探讨基于行动研究实践理论的健康教育对直肠癌造口患者自我效能和自护能力的影响。方法选择2017年1月至2019年1月我院收治的直肠癌造口患者80例,将其随机等分为对照组和观察组,对照组进行常规健康教育,观察组基于行动研究实践理论开展健康教育,3个月后比较两组患者自我效能调查量表以及自护能力量表(ESCA)评分。结果干预后3个月观察组患者造口照顾、饮食选择、社交、劳动信心、生活自理信心、性生活信心评分均高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);护理技能、自我责任、健康知识水平、自我概念评分均高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论基于行动研究实践理论的健康教育通过观察、反思,不断改进行动干预,能够有效提升直肠癌造口患者自护能力与自我效能,值得临床推广应用。     

结直肠癌术后吻合口漏预测因素研究进展

吻合口漏是结直肠癌术后严重的并发症之一,危险因素众多且发生隐匿,极大地影响患者术后疗效和生活质量.探寻有效的影响因素以提前预测吻合口漏的发生并给予相应处理对降低其发病率以期改善患者不良预后具有重要临床意义.本文将从围手术期相关因素和生物学标记物两个方面综述结直肠癌术后吻合口漏的危险因素,目的为预测吻合口漏的发生及改善吻...     

Comparison of patency of single and sequential radial artery grafting in coronary artery bypass

Open in a separate window OBJECTIVESSequential radial artery (RA) grafting has the potential to enhance arterial revascularization compared to single grafting. Sequential RA grafting was performed predominantly with a single side-to-side anastomosis. The study aimed to assess if sequential RA grafting improved long-term graft patency compared to single RA grafting. In addition, the anastomotic patencies of side-to-side and end-to-side anastomoses in sequential RA grafting were assessed.METHODSTwo hundred nineteen patients underwent isolated coronary artery bypass grafting with skeletonized RA conduits between 2005 and 2016. Of these, 208 patients underwent radiological graft assessment; thus, 125 and 83 patients underwent single and sequential RA grafting, respectively. The graft and anastomotic patency rates were estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method.RESULTSThe median follow-up period was 9.1 years, and the radiological assessment lasted 5.1 years. The overall RA graft patency rates at 1, 5 and 10 years were 99.4%, 92.7% and 88.1%, respectively. The RA graft patency rate for sequential grafting was similar to that for single grafting (88.7% vs 87.4% at 10 years; P = 0.88). In the stratified analysis of anastomotic patency, the patency rate of side-to-side anastomoses of sequential RA grafting was significantly better than that of end-to-side anastomoses (100% vs 88.7% at 10 years; P = 0.01).CONCLUSIONSThe long-term RA graft patencies of sequential and single grafting were equally high. The anastomotic patency of side-to-side anastomoses of sequential RA grafting was remarkably high. Considering these findings, the RA can be effectively used for multiple arterial coronary revascularizations.     

102例食管贲门癌术后无吻合口瘘临床分析

目的 总结102例食管贲门癌切除消化道重建无吻合口瘘的临床经验,避免或降低吻合口瘘的发生.方法 回顾性分析我院2001年1月至2005年12月手术治疗的102例食管贲门癌病人的临床资料.结果 全组无吻合口瘘发生,均痊愈出院.结论 手术中保证吻合口有良好的血运而无张力,避免过度牵拉、揉搓食管及胃壁,用胸膜或带蒂的大网膜覆盖吻合口,加强围术期处理,可避免或降低吻合口瘘的发生.     

Wide-lumen stapled anastomosisvs. conventional end-to-end anastomosis in the treatment of Crohn's disease

PURPOSE: Preanastomotic recurrence and stricturing after surgery for ileocolic Crohn's disease is a frequent, unexplained phenomena that may lead to prompt reoperation. The aim of this study was to determine whether a wide-lumen stapled anastomosis (side-to-side, functional end-to-end) provides better outcome than a conventional sutured end-to-end anastomosis METHOD: A case-control comparative analysis of patients with Crohn's disease from two inflammatory bowel disease centers treated with wide-lumen stapled anastomosis and a matched (age and gender) group treated with conventional sutured end-to-end anastomosis was performed. RESULTS: A total of 138 patients with Crohn's disease were treated, 69 with wide-lumen stapled anastomosis and 69 with conventional sutured end-to-end anastomosis. Preoperative therapy, number of previous resections, indication for operation, and length of bowel resected were similar in both groups. Fewer complications occurred after wide-lumen stapled anastomosis (P=0.048). A total of 55 patients developed recurrent Crohn's disease symptoms, 39 (57 percent) in the conventional sutured end-to-end anastomosis and 16 (24 percent) in the wide-lumen stapled anastomosis group. Median follow-up was 70 and 46 months, respectively. After conventional sutured end-to-end anastomosis 18 reoperations were required, 15 for anastomotic stricture and 3 for fistulization. After wide-lumen stapled anastomosis three reoperations were necessary, two for stricture and one for fistulization. The cumulative reoperation rate for anastomotic recurrence was significantly lower (P=0.017; log-rank test) for the wide-lumen stapled anastomosis group. CONCLUSION: Wide-lumen stapled anastomosis is as safe as conventional sutured end-to-end anastomosis and results in a lower incidence of symptomatic recurrent Crohn's disease and need for reoperation. Further prospective study of the wide-lumen stapled anastomosis technique is necessary to define the precise role of this operation in patients with Crohn's disease.Read at The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons' 100th Anniversary and Tripartite Meeting, Washington, D.C., May 1 to 6, 1999.