术前营养风险评分与直肠癌前切除术后吻合口瘘的关系

目的探讨直肠癌前切除患者术前营养风险评分与术后吻合口瘘的关系。方法回顾性分析2003年1月至2012年7月间南方医科大学附属南方医院收治的641例直肠癌前切除患者的临床资料,采用营养风险筛查2002（NRS2002）进行术前营养风险评分,通过单因素x。检验和多因素Logistic回归模型来分析NRS2002评分与术后吻合口瘘发生的关系。结果全组术后吻合口瘘发生率为4．1％（26／641）,其中术前NRS2002评分大于或等于3分者与小于3分者术后吻合口瘘发生率分别为6．9％（18／259）和2．1％（8／382）,差异有统计学意义（P=0．002）。校正了年龄、吻合口距肛缘距离和临床病理分期等影响因素后证实,NRS2002评分是直肠癌前切除术后吻合口瘘的独立危险因素（OR=3．198,95％CI：1．324～7．722,P=0．010）。结论术前NRS2002营养风险评分有助于直肠癌前切除术后吻合口瘘的预测,从而为预防性造瘘的适应证选择提供科学依据。     

Anastomotic Leakage of a Colorectal Anastomosis Treated by Transanal Endoscopic Microsurgery

Objective: To report a minimal invasive technique for repairing an anastomotic leakage with Transanal Endoscopic Microsurgery (T.E.M.) without creating a protective ostomy.

Summary: There are a large number of techniques for the management of anastomotic leakage after colorectal surgery. Depending on the size and location of the disruption, a protective ileostomy, a permanent colostomy or even reïnterven-tion for drainage or closure of the leak may be indicated. In most cases the patient faces the morbidity associated with a new intervention, a prolonged hospital stay and a future operation for closure of the stoma. In the present case a 56-year-old man underwent a laparoscopic rectosigmoid resection after two episodes of diverticulitis in six months. An end-to-end circular stapled anastomosis was constructed. Unfortunately 8-days postoperatively an anastomotic leak occurred. Attempts to close the tear non-surgically with colonoscopy and clipping failed. A minimally invasive reintervention with transanal endoscopic microsurgery (T.E.M.) was performed without creation of an ileostomy.

One week postoperatively a gastrografin bowel study showed no leakage. To our knowledge, this technique has not yet been reported without the simultaneous construction of a stoma.

Conclusion: We describe a possible minimally invasive technique to avoid laparotomy and/or the creation of a derivative stoma in the management of anastomotic leakage. Hospital stay is not significantly prolonged, future reïntervention for closure of stoma is avoided and sphincter function is preserved.     

术中肠腔减压在左半结肠癌肠梗阻一期切除吻合术中的临床应用

目的探讨左半结肠癌肠梗阻术中排便减压一期切除吻合术的安全性和疗效。方法回顾分析2000年1月至2010年3月间对45例左半结肠癌肠梗阻患者行术中排便或/和灌洗一期切除吻合术的临床病理资料,并与同期行Hartmann术的28例左半结肠癌肠梗阻患者的临床疗效进行比较。结果两组患者在年龄、性别、基础疾病、肿瘤部位、分期等方面差异无统计学意义。术中一期切除吻合组与Hartmann术组并发症发生率分别为26.7%和28.6%（P=0.682）;手术死亡率分别为2.2%和3.6%（P=0.351）,差异均无统计学意义。术中一期切除吻合组总住院时间为（17.1±6.9）d,住院费用为（51087.5±37916.4）元;Hartmann术组首次手术切除和二次关瘘术的总住院时间为（25.7±8.9）d,两次总住院费用为（78624.2±31734.7）元;两组比较,分别为P=0.001和P=0.020,差异有统计学意义。结论严格掌握手术适应证和基本操作,对左半结肠癌肠梗阻术中排便减压一期切除吻合术是可行的、安全的。     

胰十二指肠切除术中胰肠吻合方式与术后胰漏及吻合口出血的相关性研究

目的分析胰十二指肠切除术（PD）中胰肠吻合方式与术后胰漏及吻合口出血的关系。方法回顾性分析2008年1月至2012年9月期间我院行PD的526例患者的临床资料。526例PD患者行胰肠吻合的方式：胰管空肠端侧黏膜对黏膜吻合（简称黏膜对黏膜吻合）359例,其中149例硅胶引流管内置（简称引流管内置）,130例硅胶引流管引流至体外（简称引流至体外）,80例硅胶引流管未放置（简称引流管未置）;胰腺空肠端侧套入式吻合165例（简称套入式吻合）,均未放置硅胶引流管;胰肠侧侧吻合2例（简称侧侧吻合）,均未放置硅胶引流管。结果526例PD患者术后共发生胰漏34例（6.46%）,胰肠吻合口出血8例（1.52%）,死亡32例（6.08%）。①黏膜对黏膜吻合的胰漏发生率明显低于套入式吻合〔4.18%（15/359）比11.52%（19/165）,χ2=10.029,P=0.002〕;黏膜对黏膜吻合与套入式吻合的吻合口出血发生率比较差异无统计学意义〔1.67%（6/359）比1.21%（2/165）,χ2=0.159,P=0.691〕。②黏膜对黏膜吻合术式中,引流管内置者和引流至体外者的胰漏发生率均分别明显低于引流管未置者〔2.68%（4/149）比11.25%（9/80）,χ2=7.132,P=0.008;1.54%（2/130）比11.25%（9/80）,χ2=9.410,P=0.002〕;引流管内置者与引流至体外者的胰漏发生率比较差异无统计学意义〔2.68%（4/149）比1.54%（2/130）,χ2=0.433,P=0.510〕。引流管内置者与引流至体外者的吻合口出血发生率比较差异无统计学意义〔2.68%（4/149）比1.54%（2/130）,χ2=0.433,P=0.510〕。结论黏膜对黏膜吻合方式胰漏的发生率明显低于套入式吻合方式,但吻合口出血的发生率无明显差异。胰管内硅胶引流管内置或引流至体外均能降低术后胰漏的发生率,但是对于吻合口出血的发生率无明显影响。     

经皮胆肠吻合口胆道镜治疗肝内胆管复发结石

目的探讨经皮胆肠吻合口胆道镜治疗胆管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术后肝内胆管复发结石的方法及疗效。方法20．0．0年1月～2005年2月，对8例胆肠吻合术后肝内胆管再发结石，采用经皮经空肠输胆襻造口术建立通道，胆道镜经胆肠吻合口进入肝内胆管取石，纠正吻合口和肝内胆管狭窄。结果8例肝内胆管结石均取净，4例胆管狭窄和2例吻合口狭窄解除。8例随访1～3年，肝内胆管无复发结石和再狭窄。结论经皮胆肠吻合口胆道镜治疗肝内胆管复发结石创伤小、安全、可行，效果满意。     

骶前引流方式对直肠癌低位前切除术后吻合口漏愈合的影响

目的比较经会阴和经腹壁两种不同的骶前引流方式对直肠癌低位前切除术后吻合口漏愈合的影响。方法总结2010年1月至2015年12月间45例直肠癌低位前切除术后吻合口漏的临床资料。结果经会阴和经腹壁两种引流方式在病人年龄、性别、是否接受新辅助放化疗、平均手术时间、p TNM分期、术后发生漏的确定时间、初次手术后平均住院时间等方面差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。但经会阴引流组的保护性造口率(16.7%)、腹膜炎发生率(8.3%)及再次手术率(16.7%)均明显低于经腹壁引流组(分别为75.8%、39.4%、93.9%,P0.05)。结论经会阴骶前引流可降低低位直肠吻合口漏的相关并发症,有助于吻合口漏的愈合。     

Morbidity related to the use of a protective stoma in anterior resection for rectal cancer

Objective To evaluate morbidity related to the use of a protective stoma in rectal resection for cancer. Method Seventy‐two patients undergoing anterior rectal resection for cancer combined with a protective stoma (1993–2005) were included. Loop ileostomy was applied in 61 patients, loop colostomy in 10, and end ileostomy in one. Data regarding the primary operation were recorded prospectively, and stoma complications retrospectively. Results Five patients (7%) developed stoma complications immediately after the primary operation, and 14/70 (20%) following hospital discharge. The stoma was closed in 62 (86%) patients after median 4 (range 1–11) months. Five patients (8%) developed complications in hospital after closure. Two patients (3%) died, one of ileal anastomotic leak and one of myocardial infarction. Five patients (8%) had late complications after closure. A total of 19 patients (26%) developed stoma related complications. Eight (11%) of these were reoperated. Premature stoma closure was necessary in two additional patients. Nine patients (13%) ended up with a permanent stoma. Fourteen (19%) patients developed signs of rectal anastomotic failure, six (8%) of whom needed reoperation. One died. Conclusion Significant morbidity is related to the use of defunctioning stomas. A protective stoma cannot always prevent serious complications of a rectal anastomotic leak, and a proportion of the patients will not have the stoma closed.     

腹腔镜直肠癌前切除术后吻合口漏危险因素的Meta分析

目的 系统分析影响腹腔镜直肠癌前切除术后吻合口漏发生的危险因素.方法 对2003年8月至2013年8月国内外公开发表的有关腹腔镜直肠癌前切除术后吻合口漏发生危险因素的文献进行Meta分析.数据采用优势比（OR）和95％可信区间（95％ CI）表示,采用x2检验和I2对异质性进行分析,采用固定或随机效应模型合并数据.结果 共纳入文献8篇,包括3 289例直肠癌患者,吻合口漏的发生率为6.050％（199/3 289）.男性腹腔镜直肠癌前切除术患者术后吻合口漏发生风险高于女性（OR =2.17,95％ CI：1.54 ～ 3.06,P＜0.05）;新辅助化疗亦可能增加术后吻合口漏发生风险（OR=1.53,95％ CI：1.00～2.32,P＜0.05）;围手术期输血可能增加术后吻合口漏发生风险（OR=4.80,95％ CI：2.98 ～7.73,P＜0.05）;低位直肠癌较高位直肠癌术后吻合口漏发生风险高（OR=1.60,95％CI：1.14～2.23,P＜0.05）;切割闭合器钉匣数目≥3个增加术后吻合口漏发生风险（OR =0.46,95％CI：0.27 ～0.78,P＜0.05）.而ASA分级、肿瘤浸润深度、淋巴结转移、预防性肠造口与术后吻合口瘘发生风险无关（OR=0.66,0.91,1.25,0.78,95％CI：0.36～1.20,0.55～1.51,0.75 ～2.09,0.50 ～1.23,P＞0.05）.结论 男性、新辅助化疗、围手术期输血、低位直肠癌、切割闭合器钉匣数目≥3个是腹腔镜直肠癌前切除术后吻合口漏发生的主要危险因素.