Anaplasma Phagocytophilum Intragranulocytic Morulae in Aborting Sheep: A Herd Case in Sicily

The present report describes the haematological and serological findings observed in a dairy sheep farm during an aborting outbreak. Fifty ewes divided into two groups were included in the study: group A consisted of 35 healthy ewes and group B consisted of 15 ill subjects. From each ewe, blood samples were collected for microscopic examination and serological assay. After 3 months, all ewes were subjected to microscopic examination, serological and biochemical assay. Morula‐containing granulocytes characteristic of A. phagocytophilum was observed in all animals of group B. Antibodies against A. phagocytophilum were observed in only one animal of group A. Seroconversion was observed after 3 months in five ewes of group A and all animals of group B. Only one subject with negative serology was positive to PCR. Our results confirm the endemicity of sheep tick‐borne fever (TBF) in Sicily and the problem to breeding in an endemic area. We suggest that is necessary to combine the different assays depending on the stage of infection for a correct diagnosis in endemic areas. Periodic evaluation of seroconversion could be helpful to evaluate the progression of TBF in a flock.     

Epidemiology and Spatial Emergence of Anaplasmosis,New York,USA, 2010‒2018

Human granulocytic anaplasmosis, a tickborne disease caused by the bacterium Anaplasma phagocytophilum, was first identified during 1994 and is now an emerging public health threat in the United States. New York state (NYS) has experienced a recent increase in the incidence of anaplasmosis. We analyzed human case surveillance and tick surveillance data collected by the NYS Department of Health for spatiotemporal patterns of disease emergence. We describe the epidemiology and growing incidence of anaplasmosis cases reported during 2010–2018. Spatial analysis showed an expanding hot spot of anaplasmosis in the Capital Region, where incidence increased >8-fold. The prevalence of A. phagocytophilum increased greatly within tick populations in the Capital Region over the same period, and entomologic risk factors were correlated with disease incidence at a local level. These results indicate that anaplasmosis is rapidly emerging in a geographically focused area of NYS, likely driven by localized changes in exposure risk.     

云南寻甸山羊无形体感染及病原体16SrRNA基因变异分析

目的分析云南寻甸县山羊无形体感染及病原体16SrRNA基因遗传变畀。方法随机采集农户家养山羊静脉血,提取DNA以巢氏PCR扩增无形体16SrRNA基因并遗传进化分析。结果山羊无形体16SrRNA基因PCR检测阳性率为23．33％。248bp16SrRNA基因片段进化树分析结果显示当地无形体分为2类流行株,分别占检出菌株的42．86％和35．71％。2类菌株在国内外均有广泛分布。结论云南寻甸山羊普遍存在无形体感染,进一步开展无形体人群感染调查及相应媒介、宿主十分必要。     

嗜吞噬细胞无形体入胞和胞内存活的分子机制

嗜吞噬细胞无形体(AP)主要寄牛在人中性粒细胞及其前体细胞中.AP诱导中性粒细胞启动入胞信号路径同时利用小窝介导的入胞旁路入胞.入胞后,AP通过调控中性粒细胞自噬过程,抑制中性粒细胞活性氧簇生成,阻断中性粒细胞凋亡.下调IFN γ信号路径,同时自身高表达促胞内存活分子而实现胞内存活.此文就AP入胞及胞内存活的分子机制研...     

内蒙古中西部草原蜱媒病原体多样性及基因型分析

目的了解内蒙古中西部草原蜱类的群落结构、携带病原体多样性及基因型。方法于2016-2019年春夏季,在内蒙古中西部草原,采用动物体表搜集法采集蜱标本,进行蜱种鉴定。解剖摘取蜱的唾液腺并提取基因组DNA,以斑点热立克次体柠檬酸合成酶A (gltA)、疏螺旋体以鞭毛蛋白B (flaB)、埃立克体属以外膜蛋白质1 (omp1)、无形体属主要表面蛋白2 (msp2)为靶基因进行PCR扩增初筛。立克次体gltA初筛阳性样品经限制性片段长度多态性(RFLP)分类,再根据蜱种和地区每类选20~30个代表性样品进行gltA、立克次体外膜蛋白A (rOmpA)基因测序。扩增序列测序后用BLAST、 Clustal W和MEGA 7.0软件进行同源性分析,以邻接法构建系统进化树。结果共采集成蜱3 822只,经形态学特征和特异性18S r RNA基因分型法鉴定,隶属于2属3种,分别为草原革蜱、亚东璃眼蜱和边缘璃眼蜱,其中草原革蜱占55.7%(2 129/3 822)、亚东璃眼蜱占30.0%(1 147/3 822),为该地区的优势蜱种。PCR检测结果显示,立克次体gltA基因阳性蜱1 899只,阳性率为49.7%(1 899/3 822), gltA基因阳性样品根据RFLP结果分为两类,两类样品的gltA基因序列均为581 bp,与R. raoultii (DQ365804)或R. aeschlimanni (KT873466)的同源性为100%;两类样品的rOmpA基因均长367 bp,与R. raoultii (AH015610)或R. aeschlimanni (U83466)的同源性为100%,与gltA基因的结果相符。3 822只蜱中,R. raoultii和R. aeschlimanni的阳性率分别为37.2%(1 422/3 822)和12.5%(477/3 822),其中草原革蜱中分别为58.5%(1 245/2 129)和11.1%(477/2 129);亚东璃眼蜱中分别为15.4%(177/1 147)和0;边缘璃眼蜱中分别为0和44.0%(240/546)。疏螺旋体flaB基因阳性蜱28只,阳性率为0.7%(28/3 822),其中草原革蜱中为0.8%(16/2 129),亚东璃眼蜱为1.0%(12/1 147)。共获得疏螺旋体flaB基因序列10条,与莱姆病主要病原体B. garinii (AB035602)和B. afzelii PKo (NC008277)的同源性分别为90.6%~100%和95.6%~100%。亚东璃眼蜱中B. garinii和B. afzelii的阳性率分别为0.9%(10/1 147)和0.2%(2/1 147),草原革蜱中均为0.4%(8/2 129)。3 822只蜱中omp1基因阳性1只,TA克隆后获得8个氨基酸序列相同的克隆和3个氨基酸序列存在差异的克隆,11个克隆的氨基酸序列与E. muris的同源性最高,但仅为65%~69%。3 822只蜱中均未检出无形体属菌群。系统进化树分析结果显示,3种蜱感染的立克次体均与R. raoultii和R. aeschlimanni聚在一簇。在获得的10条疏螺旋体菌群flaB基因序列中,源于草原革蜱和亚东璃眼蜱的1条序列与B. garinii聚在一簇,草原革蜱的另1条序列与B. afzelii聚在一簇,其余8条序列与B. garinii和B. afzelii的flaB基因序列处在不同的分支。草原革蜱感染的埃立克体属菌与目前已知的埃立克体属菌群关系较远,形成独自的聚类。结论内蒙古中西部草原存在草原革蜱、亚东璃眼蜱和边缘璃眼蜱,蜱类中广泛存在斑点热立克次体和莱姆病螺旋体的感染,是R. raoultii、R. aeschlimanni、 B. garinii和B. afzelii潜在的自然疫源地。有必要加强该地区蜱媒传染病的预防控制工作。     

Role of birds in dispersal of etiologic agents of tick-borne zoonoses, Spain, 2009

We amplified gene sequences from Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Borrelia garinii, B. valaisiana, B. turdi, Rickettsia monacensis, R. helvetica, R. sibirica sibirica, and Rickettsia spp. (including Candidatus Rickettsia vini) in ticks removed from birds in Spain. The findings support the role of passerine birds as possible dispersers of these tick-borne pathogens.     

A clear and present danger: tick-borne diseases in Europe

Ticks can transmit a variety of viruses, bacteria or parasites that can cause serious infections or conditions in humans and animals. While tick-borne diseases are becoming an increasing and serious problem in Europe, tick-borne diseases are also responsible for major depressions in livestock production and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America and Asia. This review will focus on the most important circulating tick-transmitted pathogens in Europe (Borrelia spp., Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Babesia spp., tick-borne encephalitis virus, Rickettsia spp. and Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus).     

新疆伊犁地区无形体流行病学调查及病原16SrRNA序列分析

目的调查新疆地区人、家畜动物包括羊、牛、马及野生动物旱獭、大尾黄鼠及家养马鹿等无形体感染及病原16SrRNA序列特征。方法采集伊犁地区正常人、牛、马、羊及野生啮齿动物大尾黄鼠、旱獭血液。 微量间接免疫荧光检测方法（mIFA）检测血清无形体IgM、IgG抗体。巢氏PCR扩增无形体16SrRNA基因并分析序列特征。结果当地人群无形体IgG抗体阳性率为5.3%;羊、牛及马为6.9%、6.3%及9.1%。 PCR结果发现羊、牛及马无形体16SrRNA基因检出率为38.9%、37.5%及36.4%。16SrRNA（228bp）序列分析显示存在明显变异株,同源比较结果提示这些变异株在我国其他地区及周边国家媒介及动物宿主中均有广泛分布。结论新疆伊犁地区存在人及家畜无形体感染。 开展发热病人无形体实验室调查及进一步人群、媒介种类、宿主与无形体生态学关系研究十分必要。