癫痫患者匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表评分 与多导睡眠监测参数、脑功能状态指标相关性分析

摘 要：目的：评价甘肃省食源性疾病暴发事件流行病学调查报告质量,发现基层流行病学调查过程中存在的问题并提 出指导意见。方法：收集2016—2020年甘肃省食源性疾病暴发事件监测系统中,发病人数≥10例的食源性疾病暴发事件的 流行病学调查报告,按照相应标准对流行病学调查报告中各项指标进行评价。结果：共收集 68起食源性疾病暴发事件的流 行病学调查报告。报告普遍存在条理性差、层次混乱不清,虽然书写了相应的指标但内容过于简单且不够规范的问题;报告 还存在描述性流行病学调查不够全面、深入,分析流行病学欠缺,食品卫生学调查不充分等问题;仅有50.00% （34/68） 的 调查查明了致病因子和污染食物,39.71% （27/68） 的调查查明了污染原因,14.71% （10/68） 的调查找出了完整证据链。结 论：甘肃省基层工作人员食源性疾病暴发事件流行病学调查不够深入、细致,病因调查和推断较少,几乎未开展分析流行病 学调查,调查报告得出的结论依据不够充分;流行病学调查和调查报告书写质量均需要加强和提高;相关部门应基层流行病 学调查队伍建设,对技术人员进行中长期的理论与实践相结合的培训。     

社区新冠疫情防疫人员心理健康状况及影响因素

摘 要：目的：了解上海市高桥社区外来务工子弟小学学生血红蛋白值的变化特征,为制定预防贫血的策略提供参考依 据。方法：以2019学年上海市高桥社区外来务工子弟小学1～4年级所有在校学生为研究对象,分别于2019年6月和2020年 6月对其进行血红蛋白值检测。结果：共检测学生730人,其中男生417人 （57.12%）、女生313人 （42.88%）。男生两次血红 蛋白均值分别为 （128.95±13.72） g/L和 （133.07±13.32） g/L,女生分别为 （126.25±12.33） g/L和 （128.87±12.84） g/L,男生 两次血红蛋白均值均高于女生,差异有统计学意义 （t值分别为8.19和4.33,P值均＜0.05）。7岁组、8岁组、9岁组和10岁 组学生第二次血红蛋白均值均高于第一次,差异均有统计学意义 （t值分别为5.82、3.34、5.53和3.11,P值均＜0.05）。肥胖 组、超重组、正常组、轻度消瘦组、中重度消瘦组学生血红蛋白均值第二次均高于第一次,差异均有统计学意义 （t值分别 为 3.50 、2.94 、7.08 、2.26 和 2.20,P值均＜0.05）。研究对象贫血发病率、恢复率和人群持续率分别为 13.32%、61.48%和 6.44%。女生贫血发病率和人群持续率均高于男生,差异均有统计学意义 （χ2值分别为4.45,4.35,P值均＜0.05）;各年龄组 贫血发病率、恢复率和人群持续率比较,差异均有统计学意义 （χ2值分别为19.91、7.62和12.78,P值均＜0.05）;不同营养 状况学生贫血发病率、恢复率和人群持续率比较,差异均有统计学意义 （χ2值分别为 16.65、5.11和 37.26,P 值均＜0.05）。 结论：应加强对外来务工子弟小学学生的贫血检测工作,干预措施重点实施对象为女生、低年级、消瘦和持续贫血的学生。     

代谢综合征组分及不同组合与脑卒中发病的关联分析*

摘 要：目的：通过对上海地区的实证数据检验家庭医生在健康与费用管理中的“守门人”作用。方法：2018年5—6月 在上海市“1+1+1”家庭医生签约试点的某街道开展现场问卷调查,采集有效问卷1 745份。结果：签约居民在抽烟、酗酒、 熬夜等健康行为自评健康管理成效中均优于未签约居民。签约居民健康管理成效为好的有 54.96%,显著高于未签约居民 （31.27%）;在费用控制指标中,签约居民认为签约家庭医生能够节省费用的占 66.73%,而未签约居民仅为 48.63%。结论： 上海市“1+1+1”家庭医生签约政策已经在一定程度上取得了家庭医生健康与费用“守门人”的管理成效,在将来的研究中 有必要在全市范围内开展健康管理与实际医疗费用控制的分析。     

2016—2021年南阳市献血人群梅毒流行特征 及趋势分析

摘 要：目的：研究甘肃省靖远县乙型病毒性肝炎 （简称乙肝） 母婴传播阻断措施的实施情况及效果,为进一步探索乙 肝防控策略、制订乙肝防控措施提供建议。方法：调查2016年10月1日—2017年10月31日期间靖远县所有助产机构入院分 娩的乙型肝炎表面抗原 （HBsAg） 阳性产妇所生的新生儿,并对新生儿进行随访,检测其HBsAg 和乙型肝炎表面抗体 （HB? sAb）。结果：研究共纳入 HBsAg 阳性住院产妇所生新生儿 131 名,其在出生 24 h 内全部进行了乙肝免疫球蛋白 （HBIG） 和乙肝疫苗首针 （HepB1） 接种。新生儿乙肝病毒指尖血检测结果显示,HBsAg 阳性者 1 人,母婴阻断失败率为 0.76% （1/131）;HBsAb阳性者 101人,母婴阻断成功率为 77.10% （101/131）;HBsAg和 HBsAb全部阴性者 29人,母婴阻断成功但 免疫失败率为22.14% （29/131）。结论：乙肝疫苗联合免疫球蛋白阻断乙肝母婴传播措施实施情况较好,阻断HBsAg 阳性母 亲垂直传播乙肝病毒效果显著。     

社区呼吸康复治疗在慢性呼吸系统 疾病患者干预管理中的应用*

摘 要： 目的：探究中老年人颈动脉斑块与血清25羟维生素D （25-OH-D） 的相关性。 方法：选取2019年1月—2020 年 12 月自愿参与该研究的上海市浦东新区北蔡社区常住居民 412 人为研究对象,测定及记录其一般临床资料及血清 25-OH-D 等实验室检测结果。依据血管 B 超结果将研究对象分为有斑块组 268 人和无斑块组 144 人,比较两组人群血清 25-OH-D水平差异,用Pearson相关性分析各变量的关系,采用logistic回归分析颈动脉斑块形成的危险因素。结果：有斑块 组血清 25-OH-D 为 （45.18±18.71） nmol/L,无斑块组为 （56.12±19.54） nmol/L,两组差异有统计学意义 （χ2=5.573,P＜ 0.05）。相关性分析显示颈动脉斑块与收缩压、HbA1c、年龄呈正相关 （r值分别为0.388、0.119和0.128,P值均＜0.05）;与 血清 25-OH-D 呈负相关 （r=-0.365,P＜0.01）。血清 25-OH-D 是颈动脉斑块形成的独立相关因素 （OR=0.973,95%CI： 0.960,0.985,P＜0.05）。结论：低水平血清25-OH-D是颈动脉斑块形成的独立危险因素。     

Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review of Micro- and Macro-Nutrient Intakes and Trajectories of Macro-Nutrient Supply in the Eastern Mediterranean Region

The Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) is experiencing a nutrition transition, characterized by the emergence of overnutrition and micro-nutrient deficiencies. No previous study has comparatively examined nutrient intake in adults across countries in the EMR. This review examined the adequacy of nutrients in adults living in the EMR. Moreover, it analyzed the food balance sheets (FBS) for 1961–2018 to identify the trajectory of energy supply from macro-nutrients in the EMR. A systematic search was conducted from January 2012 to September 2020. Only observational studies were retained with a random sampling design. An assessment of the methodological quality was conducted. Levels of nutrient daily intake and their adequacy compared to the daily reference intake of the Institute of Medicine were reported across the region. No studies were identified for half of the region’s countries. Although nutrient energy intake was satisfactory overall, fat and carbohydrate intake were high. Intake of vitamin D, calcium, potassium, zinc, and magnesium were below that recommended. The analysis of the FBS data allowed for the identification of four linear patterns of trajectories, with countries in the EMR best fitting the ‘high-energy-supply from carbohydrate’ group. This systematic review warrants multi-sectorial commitment to optimize nutrient intake.     

In Vivo Observation of Cutaneous Larva Migrans by Fluorescence-Advanced Videodermatoscopy

Fluorescence-advanced videodermatoscopy is not a widespread diagnostic technique. Its application in dermatology can facilitate the diagnosis of diseases such as cutaneous larva migrans by enabling us to recognize the precise position of larva in vivo on the skin. Using this noninvasive technique, we detected a case of cutaneous larva migrans in a patient.     

Discrepancies Between Australian Eating Disorder Clinicians and Consumers Regarding Essential Components of Dietetic Treatment

BackgroundA recent Delphi study indicated that, compared with eating disorder (ED) consumers and carers, ED specialists were less likely to endorse involvement of a dietitian as a standard component of treatment. In addition, there was disagreement between these groups regarding the inclusion of a number of components of dietetic treatment.ObjectiveThis study aimed to further investigate these data to identify areas of disagreement among ED specialist dietitians, ED specialist non–dietetic clinicians, consumers, and carers with regard to outpatient dietetic treatment.Design and participants/settingThe ED specialists panel from a previous Delphi study was recoded into 2 panels: ED specialist dietitians (n = 31) and ED specialist non–dietetic clinicians (n = 48) to compare responses of these panels with responses from consumers (n = 32) and carers (n = 23).Main outcome measuresStatements in 7 categories relating to referral to dietitian, essential components of outpatient dietetic treatment regarding 4 ED patient populations, strategies to promote multidisciplinary collaboration, and skills dietitians should possess if treating patients with an ED were rated on a 5-point Likert scale.Statistical analysis performedOne-way analysis of variance was conducted with post-hoc multiple comparisons to compare mean statement ratings.ResultsThirty-seven statements (30%) showed statistically significant differences (P < .05) in responses between panels. Discrepancies were primarily observed for statements regarding how and when dietetics is included in treatment and essential components of dietetic treatment, particularly the use of behavioral tasks, such meal plans and self-monitoring. Results also highlighted deficits in participants’ understanding of core responsibilities of dietitians in ED treatment and dietitians “drifting” from delivering evidence-based components of dietetic treatment.ConclusionsResults of this study show discrepancies among ED dietitians, clinicians, consumers, and carers regarding what dietetic treatment for people with EDs should encompass. It also indicates the need for further research into optimizing dietetic treatment for EDs that is conducted in collaboration with individuals with lived experience.