腹腔镜手术对婴幼儿呼吸、循环影响的临床研究

目的 比较婴幼儿腹腔镜与传统嵌顿疝手术在相同麻醉条件下对婴幼儿术中循环、呼吸的影响,为围术期麻醉管理提供依据。方法 31例ASAⅠ级腹股沟嵌顿性斜疝急诊手术患儿随机分为两组,其中16例行腹腔镜检＋疝内容物还纳＋疝囊超高位结扎术,简称为L组;另外15例行传统的疝内容物还纳＋疝修补术,简称为O组。两组患儿均选择静吸复合、气管插管全麻。分别记录手术开始前5min（T1）、手术开始后10min（T2）、手术开始后20min（L）和拔管后5min（T4）各时间点的心率（HR）、平均动脉压（MAP）、动脉血氧饱和度（SaO2）、动脉血二氧化碳分压（PaCO2）和酸碱度（pH值）。结果 组间比较显示：T2、T3时两组间MAP、PaCO2和pH值的差异均有显著性意义（P〈0．05）。L组的HR只在T3时高于O组（P〈0．05）。T4时L组PaCO2较O组高（P〈0．05）。结论 对于没有合并症的ASAⅠ级婴幼儿在严密监测下进行腹腔镜手术是可行的,但术中要注意气腹、体位改变和可能出现的二氧化碳蓄积对生理造成的影响。     

改良电休克治疗专家共识（2019版）

为提高电休克治疗的安全性、疗效和舒适性,规范操作及管理流程,相关专家曾共同制定并发表了《电休克治疗方法专家共识（2017版）》。经过反复讨论,专家们认为需要增加一些新的内容,部分内容需要更新,特别是无麻醉的传统电休克已经不适合新时代的医疗需求,应明确废止。现将更新后的专家共识予以公布。     

老年患者胆囊切除术围手术期血浆内皮素和降钙素基因相关肽水平分析

目的 观察老年患者胆囊切除术围手术期血浆内皮素和降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)水平的变化,了解内皮素和CGRP在老年患者手术麻醉应激反应中的作用.方法 选取择期行胆囊切除术的患者60例,根据年龄分为实验组和对照组,其中,实验组年龄＞65岁,平均年龄(44±17)岁;对照组年龄＜65岁,平均年龄(7l±5)岁,两组病例数均...     

Anaesthetic management of an obstetric patient with Pompe disease

Pompe disease (Glycogen storage disease type II) leads to abnormal glycogen deposition in various vital organs resulting in multiple systemic sequelae. We present the anaesthetic management for caesarean section of a 31-year-old parturient with known Pompe disease. The parturient had symptoms and signs of respiratory dysfunction and the pregnancy was complicated by preeclampsia. She underwent urgent caesarean section under regional anaesthesia resulting in the birth of a healthy baby girl. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of both spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section and successful live birth in a patient with Pompe disease.     

Proseal喉罩应用于甲状腺手术麻醉

目的探讨Proseal喉罩（PLMA）应用于甲状腺手术麻醉的安全性及可行性,并与传统气管插管比较。方法40例择期行甲状腺手术患者,随机分为PLMA组及ETT（气管内插管）组。记录插管（罩）后血压、心率变化,气道压（Paw）,脉搏氧饱和度（SPO2）、呼气末二氧化碳分压（ETCO2）以及麻醉并发症的情况。结果PLMA组置罩后血压、心率无明显变化,而ETT组置管后血压、心率明显增高,P〈0．05。PLMA组苏醒期患者呛咳、体动及术后咽喉痛的发生率明显少于ETT组,P〈0,05。PLMA组术中有3例发生咽部漏气,经调整喉罩位置后无漏气,有6例Paw升高,伴ETCO2升高或降低,持续短暂无需处理。结论PLMA可安全应用于甲状腺手术麻醉,但术中应严密观察通气质量,必要时即予处理。     

Perioperative hypotension and discharge outcomes in non-critically injured trauma patients,a single centre retrospective cohort study

BackgroundThere is a lack of information on the effect of age on perioperative care and outcomes after minor trauma in the elderly. We examined the association between perioperative hypotension and discharge outcome among non-critically injured adult patients.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study of non-critically ill patients (ISS <9 or discharged within less than 24 h) who received anaesthesia care for surgery and Recovery Room care at a level-1 trauma centre between 5/1/2012 and 11/30/2013. Perioperative hypotension was defined as systolic blood pressure (SBP) <90 mmHg (traditional measure) for all patients, and SBP <110 mmHg (strict measure) for patients ≥65 years. Poor outcome was defined as death or discharge to skilled nursing facility/hospice.Results1744 patients with mean ISS 4.4 across age groups were included; 169 (10%) were ≥65 years. Among patients ≥ 65 years, intraoperative hypotension occurred in >75% (131/169, traditional measure) and in >95% (162/169, strict measure); recovery room hypotension occurred in 2% (4/169) and 29% (49/169), respectively. Mean age-adjusted anaesthetic agent concentration (MAC) was similar across age groups. Opioid use decreased from 9.3 (SD 5.7) mg/h morphine equivalents in patients <55 years to 6.2 (SD 4.0) mg/h in patients over 85 years. Adjusted for gender, ASA score, anaesthesia duration, morphine equivalent/hr, fluid balance, MAC and surgery type, and using traditional definition, older patients were more likely than patients <55 to experience perioperative hypotension: aRR 1.21, 95% CI 1.11–1.30 for 55–64 and aRR 1.19, 95% CI 1.07–1.32 for ages 65–74. Perioperative hypotension was associated with poor discharge outcome (aRR 1.55; 95% CI 1.04–2.31 and aRR 1.87; 95% CI 1.17–2.98, respectively).ConclusionDespite age related reduction in doses of volatile anaesthetic and opioids administered during anaesthesia care, and regardless of hypotension definition used, non-critically injured patients undergoing surgery experience a large perioperative hypotension burden. This burden is higher for patients 55–74 years and older and is a risk factor for poor discharge outcomes, independent of age and ASA status.     

Non-invasive mechanical ventilation with spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery

We present the successful use of perioperative non-invasive mechanical ventilation in a morbidly obese pregnant woman with bronchial asthma, severe preeclampsia and pulmonary edema undergoing an emergency cesarean delivery with spinal anesthesia. The combination of non-invasive mechanical ventilation with neuraxial anesthesia may be of value in selected parturients with acute or chronic respiratory insufficiency requiring surgery.     

Medical students' experience of vaginal examinations of anaesthetised women

Medical students usually initially learn vaginal examination (VE) by examining consenting anaesthetised women. To assess their experience of this practice, a questionnaire was distributed to all 66 fifth-year students at the Wellington School of Medicine in 2005—53 students responded. Although 184 women were available to approach for consent, only 141 were approached—students claimed insufficient time as their major difficulty. All male students discussed consent with women only in the 2 hours preoperatively, whereas nine (28%) of the female students sought consent earlier on the day or the day before. Of the 114 women asked, 97 gave written consent, but the VE was conducted in only 76 women mostly because the supervising gynaecologist claimed time constraints or was uninterested. Four other women were examined when consent was uncertain and two without consent. All but one of the students considered the experience educationally valuable. Eleven responding students did not perform a VE, and if the 13 nonresponders also did not, more than one-third of students lack this educational opportunity prior to their final year. In conclusion, some students require more commitment to seeking consent, and some gynaecologists may need to better facilitate this learning opportunity so that the consent agreed with the woman and student is more often respected.     

Neuraxial anaesthesia for caesarean section in a patient with narcolepsy and cataplexy

We report the management of a morbidly obese parturient suffering from narcolepsy with cataplexy who presented for caesarean section. Her symptoms were controlled by modafinil and fluoxetine. We administered epidural anaesthesia successfully; surgery was uneventful and recovery was uncomplicated. We discuss some of the issues surrounding parturients with narcolepsy including drug therapy and choice of anaesthetic technique.     

Sevoflurane vs. isoflurane: a clinical comparison in day surgery

Discharge times after ambulatory surgery are determined by postoperative complications and in particular by the presence and severity of nausea and vomiting. Sevoflurane has become a popular agent for day-case surgery despite little evidence of clear advantages over current alternatives. We compared this agent with isoflurane in day-case patients undergoing knee arthroscopy in order to quantify the incidence of complications associated with each agent. One hundred and eighty patients received a standardised anaesthetic induction with propofol and fentanyl followed by maintenance with either isoflurane or sevoflurane. Standardised postoperative analgesic and anti-emetic drugs were prescribed. Any intra-operative cardiovascular or respiratory instability was recorded. After surgery, nausea, vomiting and pain were assessed. Almost all patients made an uneventful recovery and were discharged as scheduled. There was a significantly higher incidence of complications in the sevoflurane group. These included the presence of nausea and vomiting, and cardiovascular and respiratory complications. We found nothing to commend the routine use of sevoflurane rather than isoflurane in the context of day case anaesthesia.