静脉全麻复合骶管阻滞在婴幼儿先天性心脏病介人封堵治疗的研究

目的比较静脉全麻复合单次骶管阻滞麻醉与单纯静脉全麻用于婴幼儿先天性心脏病介入封堵治疗的效果。方法616例婴幼儿先天性心脏病介入封堵治疗患者随机分成两组:骶管阻滞加静脉全麻(I组);另一组用全凭静脉麻醉(II组)。结果全麻药的用量,II组比I组明显增多(P<0.05);I组苏醒时间短,分泌物少,手术后呕吐发生率少(P<0.05)。结论静脉全麻复合小儿单次骶管阻滞麻醉比全凭静脉麻醉用于婴幼儿先天性心脏病介入封堵治疗麻醉费用少,生命体征平稳,麻醉并发症少,值得推广。     

Another look at religious objections to obstetric anaesthesia

Starting with the earliest biographies of James Young Simpson, the topic of religious opposition to obstetric anaesthesia in 1847 was gradually embellished in historical articles. Objective data are lacking and it has been suggested that this is a myth of recent medical history. A search for more information led to a contemporaneous case-book of the maternity hospital in Edinburgh, which was examined. The provision of anaesthesia in the 11 months before publication of Simpson’s pamphlet Answer to the Religious Objections was compared with that in the 11 months after. This revealed a marked increase (P<0.01) in the provision of anaesthesia for childbirth after the publication of Simpson’s pamphlet in December 1847. This analysis supports the existence of opposition to obstetric anaesthesia and the success of Simpson’s pamphlet in overcoming it, but the introduction of chloroform about six weeks earlier, may also have contributed.     

Cirugía retrógrada intrarrenal para el tratamiento de cálculos renales bajo anestesia espinal,un método mínimamente invasivo. Análisis retrospectivo de 1.467 casos

Introduction and objectivesThe aim of the present study was to compare RIRS procedures applied under general anaesthesia (GA) and spinal anaesthesia (SA) regarding success and complication rates.Materials and methodsA retrospective evaluation was conducted with the data obtained from patients treated with RIRS under SA and GA at 2 centres from October 2014 until January 2018. The SA and GA groups were evaluated according to the parameters of stone-free and complication rates, postoperative pain control and length of in-hospital stay. The stone-free rates from the RIRS procedures applied with SA were evaluated by the surgeons who participated in the study.ResultsA total of 1361 patients were included in the study. A stone-free rate of 84.4% was obtained in the global results: 85.3% in the SA group and 83.5% in the GA group (P=.364). No statistically significant difference was determined regarding surgeons who practiced RIRS under SA with respect to success/complication rates and operating time (P=.676). Operating time was determined as 44.2 ± 14.2 mins in the SA group and 49.7 ± 19.1 mins in the GA group (P=.014).ConclusionsThe RIRS method can be applied safely, either under spinal anaesthesia, or under general anaesthesia. The success of RIRS under spinal anaesthesia has been shown as an independent factor regarding surgeon. It can be considered a good alternative to general anaesthesia.     

Effects of the Anaesthetic-ECT time interval and ventilation rate on seizure quality in electroconvulsive therapy: A prospective randomised trial

BackgroundThe anaesthetic approach adopted in ECT practice has the potential to influence patient outcomes. However, the impact of the time interval between anaesthetic induction and ECT stimulus administration has not been studied prospectively to date. This variable may represent an indirect measure of anaesthetic concentration at the time of stimulation, and therefore may influence the quality of seizures induced.ObjectiveTo examine the impact of the anaesthetic to ECT stimulus time interval, and ventilation rate pre-treatment, on ictal seizure quality.MethodsIn a prospective, crossover trial, 54 depressed participants were randomised to variations in anaesthetic technique at four sequential ECT treatment sessions, in a 2 x 2 design: randomisation to a short or long anaesthetic-ECT time interval, and randomisation to normal ventilation or hyperventilation during anaesthetic induction with thiopentone. Ictal EEG data were collected at each study session and assessed by a blinded rater for ictal quality (seizure amplitude, regularity, post-ictal suppression and general seizure quality), using a quantitative-qualitative structured rating scale. Linear mixed effects models were used to analyse the effect of the anaesthetic-ECT time interval, and that of ventilation rate, on seizure quality indices.ResultsThe anaesthetic-ECT time interval had a significant impact on ictal EEG quality indices (p < 0.01), with longer time intervals producing higher quality seizures. Ventilation rate did not significantly influence quality measures.ConclusionThe time between anaesthetic induction and ECT stimulus administration has a significant impact on ictal EEG seizure quality. Conversely, manipulations of ventilation rate did not significantly affect seizure quality. These results suggest the anaesthetic-ECT time interval should be routinely monitored clinically and potentially optimised for maximising seizure quality with ECT.     

自控麻醉在双气囊内镜检查中的应用研究

目的评价自控镇痛(Patient controlled analgesia,PCA)技术在双气囊内镜(double balloon endoscopy,DBE)检查过程中的安全性和可行性。方法共对120例疑有小肠疾病的患者采用未行麻醉处理(A组)、TCI静脉泵输注丙泊酚(B组)、PCA泵静脉输注瑞芬太尼(C组)的3种检查方法,记录患者的血压、心率、血氧饱和度等生命体征,操作成功率、耐受性评分、离院时间、内镜到达肠段深度及病变检出率,对3种方法在双气囊内镜检查中的可行性和安全性进行评价。结果 A组患者耐受性差,检查成功率只达80%,3组操作时间无显著性差异,但到达肠段深度有显著性差异,B组、C组病变检出率高,但B组患者操作中血氧饱和度较操作前下降,使麻醉风险增加。C组患者操作中生命体征与操作前无明显变化,结束及离院时血压、血氧饱和度稳定,降低了麻醉风险。结论本研究认为PCA技术在双气囊内镜检查中的应用,可满足患者在不同时刻的个体化镇痛需要,提高患者对检查的耐受性及依从性,能与操作者进行交流及配合变换体位,可降低操作风险,提高双气囊内镜的操作成功率,具有良好的安全性和优越性。     

Dental damage in anaesthesia

Damage to the teeth during general anaesthesia is a frequent cause of morbidity for patients and a source of litigation against anaesthetists. Most injuries occur as a result of laryngoscopy. To prevent damage during emergence from anaesthesia, bite blocks should be placed between molar teeth. However oropharyngeal airways may not prevent damage. Patients should be advised about the possibility of dental trauma during anaesthesia and should be advised to have preoperative dental treatment to minimize dental factors that increase the risk of injury. Those with pre-existing dental problems and children in the mixed dentition phase (normally between the ages of 5 and 12 years) are at particular risk. Anaesthetic departments should have local protocols in place to refer patients for dental treatment postoperatively in the event of trauma.     

Hyperoxia in patients with cardiogenic shock after myocardial infarction supported with venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation

BackgroundVenoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V-A ECMO) improves perfusion and oxygenation in patients with cardiogenic shock. However, it can also result in supranormal oxygen exposure. Recent evidence suggests hyperoxia may be harmful, particularly in critically ill patients. The aim of this study was to describe oxygen exposure in patients receiving V-A ECMO after acute myocardial infarction and to investigate the association between hyperoxia and in-hospital mortality.Methods and designWe conducted a retrospective, cohort study of consecutive patients receiving V-A ECMO at a single tertiary level ECMO centre. We compared the mean and peak arterial oxygen tensions over the first 72 h after V-A ECMO initiation (n = 30) with those from a convenience sample of patients treated with an intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) (n = 30) for cardiogenic shock.ResultsSixty patients admitted between January 2012 and March 2018 were included in the study. Patients on V-A ECMO had significantly higher arterial oxygen tensions during the first three days than those with an IABP, at 0–24 h; V-A ECMO: 286.51 mmHg (135.76) vs IABP: 103.48 mmHg (15.22), p < 0.01.Thirteen of 30 (44.8%) patients in the V-A ECMO cohort manifested extreme hyperoxia (PaO₂ ≥300 mmHg) in the first 24 hrs, compared with none in the IABP population. Within the V-A ECMO group, there was no significant association between extreme hyperoxia and in-hospital mortality (P = 0.19), duration of mechanical ventilation (P = 0.63), or troponin levels (P = 0.16) in the first 24 hrs.ConclusionSevere hyperoxia is common in patients receiving V-A ECMO after acute myocardial infarction, and this continues for at least 72 h. We found no association between extreme hyperoxia and clinical outcomes.     

Severe Thrombocytopenia in an Immune Thrombocytopenic Parturient Non-responder to Medical Line of Treatment: Anaesthetic Management for Splenectomy Combined with Caesarean Section

We report anaesthesia management of a parturient with severe thrombocytopenia secondary to immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). Her platelet count remained around 3 × 10⁹/l in spite of optimum medical therapy and hence was posted for splenectomy combined with caesarean section. Anaesthesia implications of severe thrombocytopenia comprises risk of central nervous system bleeding, perioperative haemorrhage causing placental hypoperfusion and foetal hypoxia, risk of trauma to compromised airway and risk of epidural haematoma. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the risk factors associated, different management strategies and also to review the literature in an attempt to ameliorate the anaesthesiologist in perioperative management of these cases.