海藻酸钠微囊栓塞治疗肾挫裂伤的实验研究

目的研究模拟野战条件下,在新型野战伤病综合手术救治方舱内应用海藻酸钠-壳聚糖微囊栓塞治疗肾挫裂伤的可行性。方法构建肾挫裂伤动物模型,在新型野战伤病综合手术救治方舱内,应用海藻酸钠-壳聚糖微囊对损伤的肾动脉血管进行栓塞模拟操作。观察栓塞后30min、1周的肾动脉造影检查结果,栓塞后1周的组织学表现,评价栓塞效果。结果 4只动物均存活,栓塞后血压波动于正常范围;血管造影检查与组织学表现显示,栓塞后30min栓塞侧肾动脉分支主干出现明显血栓影;栓塞后1周栓塞侧肾动脉完全闭塞;栓塞后1周健侧肾脏未发生任何变化,栓塞侧肾脏体积与重量减小,部分肾脏表面及剖面颜色变浅,剖面可见皮质变薄,皮质、髓质界限不清,髓放线模糊。结论新型野战伤病综合手术救治方舱,能满足野战条件下急重症伤员提供综合快速的诊治;海藻酸钠-壳聚糖微囊治疗肾挫裂伤疗效确切、直观、准确、便捷。     

石膏夹板配合纸圈外固定治疗内收型肱骨外科颈骨折

目的:观察石膏夹板配合纸圈外固定治疗内收型肱骨外科颈骨折的疗效.方法:先复位,后固定.口服活血化瘀、消肿止痛药加功能锻炼.结果:该方法固定效果好,操作简便,有助于减轻患者疼痛刺激,无并发症,疗效可靠.结论:石膏夹板配合纸圈外固定方法是治疗内收型肱骨外科颈骨折的简便、可靠、方便的方法之一.     

应用湿性愈合换药方法治疗4例糖尿病足的体会

目的通过对糖尿病足湿性愈合换药的4个典型病例的总结、分析,探讨湿性换药处理的应用条件及具体方式。方法分析总结本院于2011年1-9月收治的4例糖尿病足典型病例的临床资料。结果第1例经积极内科综合治疗,全身情况改善的同时给予分步去痂、加强换药得到治愈;第2例经局部彻底清创、抗感染治疗,创面床准备行持续负压吸引（VSD）、局部皮瓣移植术后痊愈;第3例局部扩创引流使用银离子抗菌敷料换药后保趾痊愈。第4例局部清创处理后,因足底深部感染,感染症状没有改善反而加重,行扩创术无效而截肢。结论在综合内科治疗中采取积极外科干预很重要,是减少截肢率、提高治愈率的必要保证,故治疗应采取全身和局部治疗相结合,全身治疗贯穿始终,局部治疗应强调个体化——根据溃疡的分级和炎症的不同阶段或表现作相应处理。     

海藻酸钠-氯化钡微囊对大鼠胰岛体外胰岛素分泌功能的影响

目的　观察海藻酸钠 -氯化钡微囊对大鼠胰岛体外胰岛素分泌功能有无影响。方法　以海藻酸钠和氯化钡为材料 ,采用气体吹喷制囊法将新鲜分离纯化的大鼠胰岛制成微囊化胰岛 ,取空微囊、微囊化大鼠胰岛与未微囊化大鼠胰岛各 5 0 0只 ,分为 10份 ,置于培养板中培养 ,用放免法测定并比较第 2、4、6 d培养液中基础胰岛素浓度。结果　空微囊组第 2、4、6 d的基础胰岛素平均浓度均为 0 nm ol/ 1/ 5 0 ,微囊化大鼠胰岛组第 2、4、6 d的基础胰岛素平均浓度为 5 .179、5 .80 6、5 .5 5 8nm ol/ 1/5 0只 ,未微囊化大鼠胰岛组第 2、4、6 d的基础胰岛素平均浓度为 5 .4 4 1、6 .0 80、5 .4 6 8nmol/ 1/ 5 0只 ,后两者差异无显著性意义 (P>0 .0 5 )。结论　海藻酸钠 -氯化钡微囊对大鼠胰岛体外胰岛素分泌功能无影响     

Effectiveness of collagen/oxidised regenerated cellulose/silver‐containing composite wound dressing for the treatment of medium‐depth split‐thickness skin graft donor site wounds in multi‐morbid patients: a prospective,non‐comparative,single‐centre study

Split‐thickness skin grafting (STSG) is a widely used method in reconstructive surgery, but donor site wounds (DSWs) are often slow healing and painful. This prospective study evaluated the performance of a composite wound dressing containing collagen/oxidised regenerated cellulose in the treatment of medium‐depth (0·4 mm) DSWs in 25 multi‐morbid patients with chronic leg ulcers requiring STSG. The range of patients' ages was 44–84 years (mean 71·6 years) with DSW sizes ranging between 12 and 162 cm² (mean 78 cm²). Comorbidities included anticoagulation therapy (15 patients), anaemia (11 patients), diabetes (6 patients) and methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) ulcer colonisation (6 patients). The first dressing change was performed after 10 days. Complete reepithelialisation was observed between the 10th and 34th day (mean 17·2, median 14 days). Postoperative medium to strong bleeding occurred in only five patients (four with anticoagulation). Wound pain levels one day after harvesting were only moderate (range 0–1·5, mean 0·5, median 0·5 on a six‐item scale). No wound infection was observed during the first dressing. The composite dressing used allowed for the fast healing of medium‐depth DSWs with minimal or no postoperative pain and bleeding in older multi‐morbid patients under anticoagulation treatment.     

海藻酸钠-成年软骨细胞培养移植修复成年兔关节软骨缺损的研究

目的 利用海藻酸纳-成年软骨细胞复合构建工程化软骨,并观察应用该工程软骨移植修复成年兔关节软骨缺损的长期效果。方法 取34周龄成年新西兰兔双膝关节软骨,分离软骨细胞.与海藻酸钠混合,细胞密度为4×10~6/ml,通过硅胶模型制成圆形柱状海藻酸纳-软骨细胞盘(20μl/个),体外培养。分别于2、4、6、8、10周取细胞盘,行苏木素-伊红(HE)、AB-PAS染色、免疫组织化学分析。同时选用成年新西兰兔28只,两侧股骨内髁造成全层软骨缺损模型,缺损处随机植入体外培养4周的海藻酸钠一软骨细胞盘(实验组)及无细胞的海藻酸钠载体(对照组),分别于术后6、12、24、48周取材,观察软骨缺损修复情况。结果 成年软骨细胞在海藻酸钠中呈丛状或球状增殖,4周时达增殖高峰,培养期内软骨细胞始终呈圆形或椭圆形,免疫组织化学显示盘中Ⅱ型胶原含量丰富,无Ⅰ型胶原产生。动物实验实验组软骨缺损以透明样软骨修复为主,对照组则以纤维组织填充为主,48周时两组修复组织均有一定程度退变。结论 成年软骨细胞在海藻酸钠中体外培养可维持良好的细胞表型,并形成工程化软骨。用此工程化软骨修复关节软骨损伤经48周观察有透明样软骨修复。     

Calcium gluconate as cross-linker improves survival and shelf life of encapsulated and dried Metarhizium brunneum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae for the application as biological control agents

Calcium chloride (CC) is the most common cross-linker for the encapsulation of biocontrol microorganisms in alginate beads. The aim of this study was to evaluate if calcium gluconate (CG) can replace CC as cross-linker and at the same time improve viability after drying and rehydration, hygroscopic properties, shelf life and nutrient supply. Hence, the biocontrol fungi Metarhizium brunneum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were encapsulated in Ca-alginate beads supplemented with starch. Beads were dried and maximum survival was found in beads cross-linked with CG. Beads prepared with CG showed lower hygroscopic properties, but a higher shelf life for encapsulated fungi. Moreover, we demonstrated that gluconate has a nutritive effect on encapsulated fungi, leading to increased mycelium growth of M. brunneum and to enhanced CO₂ release from beads containing Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The application of CG as cross-linker will pave the way towards increasing drying survival and shelf life of various, especially drying-sensitive microbes.     

Continuous Wound Irrigation in the Pig

It was demonstrated in the pig that full-thickness wounds in the skin can be continuously treated by irrigation for several days. Irrigation was accomplished through a porous, occlusively applied dressing having two ports, one for supply and one for drainage. The fluid, delivered by means of an iv set, was sucked through the inert dressing, leaving it partially saturated, and with fluid spread evenly through its pores. Particulate matter was removed along narrow paths converging on the outlet, not showing any significant diversion. The apparatus for fluid supply and drainage was arranged to move with the animal, thus eliminating the risk of obstruction of the tubes as a result oft wisting. The fluid was eliminated by one suction line, and the vacuum in the dressing maintained by another. This allowed the suction to be adjusted to a level near the atmospheric pressure.     

联合敷料在防止胸腹腔穿刺拔管后渗液的应用

<正>胸腹水病人使用胸腔、腹腔穿刺置管引流时,部分病人因穿刺置管后窦道形成,使胸穿、腹穿拔管后有渗液现象,常规使用无菌纱布敷料会因渗液而潮湿,经常需要更换,不仅增加了感染机会,也加重了病人恐惧感。笔者通过临床实践,对敷料的使用方法进行了改进,效果较好,现介绍如下。     

Wound dressings: principles and practice

Wound dressings have increased in efficacy and number as the scientific understanding of wound healing has improved. However current practice is governed by expert opinion as high-quality studies comparing the effectiveness of different dressings are lacking. Surgeons are regularly involved in wound management, therefore require a good understanding of the properties and uses of different wound dressings. By having a firm grasp of the pathophysiology that underlies the wound-healing process a surgeon can make informed decisions about how best to manage a patient. An overview of optimal conditions for healing and the assessment of wounds is provided here. Dressings and their modes of action are discussed to provide guidance for their use in different wounds.