聚氨酯抗菌创伤敷料的制备及其灭菌效果的研究

以自制的亲水性聚氨酯软泡沫为载体制备抗菌创伤敷料。对4种抗菌剂(超微二氧化钛粉末、磺胺嘧啶银、磺胺、硝酸银)进行了实验。采用预聚体法、填充法、浸渍法等3种方法将抗菌剂加载于聚氨酯敷料中，测试了抗菌敷料的抗菌性能并进行了比较。结果表明，4种抗菌剂制备的敷料均有抗菌效能。综合考虑抗菌敷料的抗菌性能、手感、颜色、掉粉等因素，将超微二氧化钛粉末、磺胺嘧啶银和磺胺3种抗菌剂，填充加载法制备抗菌创伤敷料，抗菌效果好，     

可注射矿化胶原水凝胶修复大鼠颅骨临界性骨缺损的研究

目的 基于矿化胶原（MC）与海藻酸盐（ALG）,制备一种新型可注射矿化胶原水凝胶（MCA）,研究MCA对颅骨临界性骨缺损的修复作用。方法 将MC粉末以200 mg/mL的比例加入到ALG（C_ALG=15 mg/mL）中制备出矿化胶原水凝胶（MCA）。采用扫描电子显微镜对MCA的交联状态和元素分析情况进行观察。采用L929细胞增殖实验评估MCA的生物安全性,体内降解实验观察MCA降解性和生物相容性。通过大鼠颅骨临界骨缺损模型来验证MCA的骨修复效果。结果 MCA水凝胶经过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）观察后发现水凝胶表面粗糙,其内部Ca/P信号均匀且密集。为了评估MCA的生物安全性,使用MCA浸提液与L929细胞共同孵育后,发现200 mg/mL浸提液实验组的L929细胞增值率为99.95%,毒性评级为1级。同时,将MCA水凝胶注射至大鼠皮下,术后60 d注射部位仍见残留的MCA植入物,而在MCA水凝胶注射到颅骨缺损处的第60天时,MCA则全部降解。最后,观察MCA在颅骨临界骨缺损动物模型中的骨缺损修复效果,实验结果表明MCA水凝胶组的颅骨缺损修复效果优于ALG水凝胶组和对照组。结论 MCA水凝胶具有良好的生物安全性,降解性和促进骨再生的能力,是一种安全可靠的骨修复材料。     

神经血管治疗仪联合前列地尔等治疗糖尿病足疗效观察

目的探讨神经血管治疗仪联合前列地尔等治疗糖尿病足的临床疗效。方法将70例糖尿病足患者随机分为2组,每组各35例。试验组给予神经血管治疗仪、红外线照射疼痛治疗仪联合前列地尔治疗,并给予无菌换药;对照组仅给予前列地尔针剂等药物和无菌换药治疗。观察两组的临床疗效、平均住院时间、症状体征消失时间、ABI指标水平。结果试验组的总有效率显著高于对照组(P<0.05);平均住院时间和症状体征消失时间显著短于对照组(P<0.05);ABI指标水平显著优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论神经血管治疗仪、红外线照射疼痛治疗仪联合前列地尔、无菌换药治疗糖尿病足临床疗效显著,值得临床推广应用。     

Pharmacokinetics,biocompatibility and bioavailability of a controlled release monoclonal antibody formulation

The sustained and localized delivery of monoclonal antibodies has become highly relevant, because of the increasing number of investigated local delivery applications in recent years. As the local delivery of antibodies is associated with high technological hurdles, very few successful approaches have been reported in the literature so far. Alginate-based delivery systems were previously described as promising sustained release formulations for monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). In order to further investigate their applicability, a single-dose animal study was conducted to compare the biocompatibility, the pharmacokinetics and the bioavailability of a human monoclonal antibody liquid formulation with two alginate-based sustained delivery systems after subcutaneous administration in rats. 28 days after injection, the depot systems were still found in the subcutis of the animals. A calcium cross-linked alginate formulation, which was injected as a hydrogel, was present as multiple compartments separated by subcutaneous tissue. An in situ forming alginate formulation was recovered as a single compact and cohesive structure. It can be assumed that the multiple compartments of the hydrogel formulation led to almost identical pharmacokinetic profiles for all tested animals, whereas the compact nature of the in situ forming system resulted in large interindividual variations in pharmacokinetics. As compared to the liquid formulation the hydrogel formulations led to lower mAb serum levels, and the in situ forming system to a shift in the time to reach the maximum mAb serum concentration (T_max) from 2 to 4 days. Importantly, it was shown that after 28 days only marginal amounts of residual mAb were present in the alginate matrix and in the tissue at the injection site indicating nearly complete release. In line with this finding, systemic drug bioavailability was not affected by using the controlled release systems. This study successfully demonstrates the suitability and underlines the potential of polyanionic systems for local and controlled mAb delivery.     

Comparison of silver nylon wound dressing and silver sulfadiazine in partial burn wound therapy

The study aims to perform a comparative assessment of two types of burn wound treatment. To do the assessment, patients with partial thickness burn wounds with total body surface area <40% were simple randomised to treat with nanocrystalline silver nylon wound dressing or silver sulfadiazine cream. Efficacy of treatment, use of analgesics, number of wound dressing change, wound infection and final hospitalisation cost were evaluated. The study showed silver nylon wound dressing significantly reduced length of hospital stay, analgesic use, wound infection and inflammation compared with silver sulfadiazine.     

泡沫敷料在术后预防压疮的应用观察

[目的]探讨泡沫敷料在术后预防压疮的应用。[方法]选择2011年3月—2012年3月我院收治的160例术后需俯卧或侧卧位的病人,随机将160例病人平均分为研究组和观察组,观察组采用海绵垫进行常规方式预防压疮,研究组采用泡沫敷料贴敷预防,观察比较两组病人的皮肤受压情况及压疮发生率。[结果]研究组的压疮发生率为6.25%,观察组为33.75%,研究组的压疮发生率明显少于观察组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。[结论]选用泡沫敷料预防术后病人压疮的出现,明显加强了受压部位的抗压性,减少病人压疮的发生率及相关病发症状,安全可靠。     

Umbilical Negative Pressure Dressing for Transumbilical Appendectomy in Childern

Methods:This study was a retrospective chart review of 1377 patients (2–20 years) undergoing laparoscopic appendectomy for acute appendicitis in 2 tertiary care referral centers from January 2007 through December 2012. Twenty-two different operative technique/dressing variations were documented. The 6 technique/dressing groups with >50 patients were assessed, including a total of 1283 patients.Results:The surgical site infection rate of the 220 patients treated with TULAA and application of an umbilical vacuum dressing with dry gauze is 1.8% (95% CI, 0.0–10.3%). This compares to an infection rate of 4.1% (95% CI, 1.3–10.5%) in 97 patients with dry dressing without vacuum. In the 395 patients who received an umbilical vacuum dressing with gauze and bacitracin, the surgical site infection rate was found to be 4.3% (95% CI, 2.7–6.8%).Conclusions:Application of an umbilical negative-pressure dressing with dry gauze lowers the rate of umbilical site infections in patients undergoing transumbilical laparoscopic-assisted appendectomy for acute appendicitis.     

Non-invasive endotracheal delivery of paclitaxel-loaded alginate microparticles

Aerosolized chemotherapeutics leads to higher, localized and continuous concentrations of active agents in lung tissue with lower side effects for other organs. The present study was performed on jugular vein cannulated rats which endothracheally received 4 mg/kg of free paclitaxel powder (Free-PTX), paclitaxel-loaded alginate microparticles (PTX-ALG-MPs) and i.v. paclitaxel (Anzatax^®). Pharmacokinetic parameters for Free-PTX and PTX-ALG-MPs contain higher AUC, mean residence time (MRT),half-life and bioavailability, with lower elimination constant (k_e). Statistical analysis showed that the amount of paclitaxel per gram of lung tissue after 0.5, 6 and 24 h after administration of Free-PTX was lower than PTX-ALG-MPs. Lung tissue AUC for Free-PTX was lower than PTX-ALG-MPs. According to the obvious advantages obtained, such as dose lowering and increasing paclitaxel residence time and half-life. It should be noted that cell cytotoxicity test on normal airway cell lines was not examined in this study but due to previous reports on safety of inhaled paclitaxel, it can be suggested that pulmonary delivery of paclitaxel can be a useful non-invasive route of administration compared with i.v administration.     

Silver nanoparticle-embedded poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) hydrogel dressing: gamma-ray synthesis and biological evaluation

Silver nanoparticle (nAg)-embedded poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) hydrogels, to be used as antibacterial wound dressings, were prepared by γ-irradiation at various doses: 25, 35, and 45?kGy. The formation and characteristics of the silver nanoparticles were investigated with a UV–vis spectrophotometer, transmission electron microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray. The hydrogels were characterized for physical and biological properties. Based on the antibacterial determination, the 1 and 5?mM nAg–embedded PVP hydrogels were effective, with 99.99% bactericidal activity at 12 and 6?h, respectively. The indirect cytotoxicity evaluation based on 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay indicated that both the neat and the nAg-embedded PVP hydrogels were non-toxic to mouse fibroblasts (L929). The 5?mM nAg-embedded PVP hydrogels not only provided a clean, moist environment for wound healing, but also effectively prevented bacterial infection and enhanced wound recovery.     

Global burn care and the ideal burn dressing reloaded — A survey of global experts

PurposeBurn care is a highly relevant medical specialty in every part of the world. Different infrastructure, healthcare systems and access to medical supplies lead to different needs, treatment strategies and outcomes. A fundamental tool in a burn care provider’s armamentarium is the use of different dressings. Several studies have investigated the question of the ideal burn dressing, but none could achieve a proper global perspective. With advanced dressings being on the rise, we conducted this study to get a global understanding of the actual use and idea of the ideal burn dressing.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to investigate the understanding of an ‘ideal burn dressing’ on a global scale.Materials and methodsA questionnaire about burn care and the ideal burn dressing has been created and translated to five of the most spoken languages world-wide (English, Spanish, French, Chinese, Indonesian). It has been uploaded to an online survey platform and sent out to burn experts worldwide. The voluntary participation was possible for a period of four weeks.ResultsIn total, 196 respondents from 49 countries participated in the study, yielding a response rate of 24.5%. The most important burn dressing characteristics in a cumulative ranking were (1) lack of adhesion (80.54%), (2) pain-free dressing change (79.87%), (3) requirement of fewer dressing changes, while in a linear ranking they were (1) anti-infective (35.14% 1st), pain-reduction (24.14% 2nd), and high absorbency (23.49% 3rd). Silver-based dressings are the most used dressings for superficial (45.21%) and deep (52.78%). 94.81% believe that the choice of burn dressing affects the outcome.ConclusionThis investigation has delivered valuable insights into the global perspective of the ideal burn dressing. Yet, the question of the ideal burn dressing is still inconclusive. Wound dressing research is of fundamental interest for patients, healthcare providers and healthcare systems.