中国肥厚型心肌病患者血栓栓塞事件风险预测模型的构建研究

背景 血栓栓塞（TE）事件是肥厚型心肌病（HCM）的重要并发症。目前针对HCM患者TE事件的风险预测,仅国外学者构建了两个模型：HCM Risk-CVA及French HCM score,然而,现有研究发现HCM Risk-CVA模型对于中国HCM患者的临床价值较为有限。目的 本研究拟构建适合中国HCM患者的TE事件风险预测模型。方法本研究系回顾性队列研究,收集2010—2018年在四川大学华西医院就诊的537例HCM患者的病例资料。本研究通过电话随访或电子病历系统查询患者就诊记录,每6～12个月随访1次,直至出现终点事件或死亡或研究拟定的评估日期（2019-12-31）,终点事件定义为复合性TE事件。采用单因素和多因素Cox回归分析构建风险预测模型,并使用自助重抽样的方法进行内部验证。结果 537例患者中,24例患者有不同程度的数据缺失,最终纳入513例患者。中位随访时间为4.2(1.3,6.2)年,随访过程中42例（8.18%）发生TE事件,年发病率为2.10%[95%CI(1.47%,2.73%)]。根据多因素Cox回归模型构建TE事件风险预测模型,最终纳入年龄、既往TE事件、心...     

12 840例小儿麻痹后遗症外科治疗统计分析

目的 :探讨我国现存小儿麻痹后遗症病人的年龄结构、医疗需求、手术类别及外科治疗的有关问题 ,为此类患者的治疗提供参考。方法 :回顾性分析了 1985年 9月～ 2 0 0 3年 5月之间手术治疗的小儿麻痹后遗症 12 840例 ,实施手术 3 15 62次。从病人初次手术年龄、手术部位、下肢瘫痪情况、步态及手术类别进行统计归类。结果 :首次手术年龄 2 5岁以下者 1172 1例 ,占同期病例总数的 91 2 9% ,其中下肢髋部手术占总手术的 15 2 8% ,膝部占 3 0 19% ,踝足占 48 73 % ,下肢均衡术占5 14 % ,上肢手术占 0 5 %。结论 :现存的小儿麻痹后遗症 70 %以上年龄 <3 5岁 ,5 0 %以上的农村患者既往未实施过正确的矫形手术治疗。对中国遗留的百万小儿麻痹后遗症进行系统的现代矫形外科治疗 ,仍是骨科界的一项艰巨任务     

Matrix depletion of young and old human articular cartilage by cultured autologous synovium fragments: a chondrocyte-independent effect

Summary Human articular cartilage of different ages was cultured for 8 days and proteoglycan (PG) release into the medium was measured. Retinol and synovial co-culture increased the PG release of cartilage of all ages. The effect of retinol was dose-dependent. Synovium increased also the PG release of dead cartilage, whereas retinol did not. The increased PG release by synovial co-culture is therefore mainly the result of synovial enzymes acting directly on the matrix rather than of a factor inducing chondrocyte-mediated breakdown.     

A new analytical cut-off point for determining 18 years of age using MRI on medial clavicular epiphysis

Evaluation of the ossification of the medial clavicular epiphysis plays a key role in forensic age estimation. The purpose of the present study was to assess a new numerical cut-off at the age of 18 years, taking into consideration Magnetic Resonance (MR) images of the medial clavicular epiphysis. We analyzed 163 MR scans of Italian subjects aged between 14 and 25 years. Using the data obtained we calculated two ratios: REM-1 (ratio between the length of the whole epiphysis and the length of the metaphysis) and REM-2 (ratio between the length of epiphyseal-metaphyseal fusion and the length of the metaphysis). In 68 out of 163 cases it was not possible to measure REM-2. The reproducibility was demonstrated using the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) (Cronbach’s alpha > 0.80). REM-1 and REM-2 were compared in each category of age (adult and minor) by the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The cut-off points for measurements of REM-1 and REM-2 were determined by logistic regression. For REM-1, the cut-off scores were 0.83 for all individuals (accuracy = 94.77%) and males (accuracy = 96.05%), and 0.86 for females (accuracy = 92.30%). For REM-2, the cut-off values were 0.40 for all individuals and males (accuracy = 100.00%), and 0.41 for females (accuracy = 100.00%). Finally, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for age classification based on REM-1 and REM-2 were constructed, showing that REM-2 had the highest discriminative power. Thus, a new cut-off model for predicting the age of majority has been introduced, conducting a quantitative analysis thanks to the use of a high-resolution imaging tool.     

超声探测甲状腺结节钙化对甲状腺癌的诊断价值

目的 探讨超声探测甲状腺结节钙化对甲状腺癌的诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析我院3924例甲状腺疾病患者的超声资料和病理结果,探讨钙化、微小钙化、粗大钙化和边缘环状钙化与甲状腺癌的关系,单发结节伴钙化和多发结节伴钙化与甲状腺癌的关系以及不同年龄组钙化与甲状腺癌的关系. 结果 甲状腺良性疾病钙化和微小钙化的发生率分别为32.05％和6.50％,甲状腺癌则为80.07％和51.53％,甲状腺癌钙化和微小钙化的发生率高于良性疾病(P＜0.01);单发结节和多发结节伴钙化的恶性率分别为53.31％和22.16％,伴微小钙化的恶性率则分别为74.12％和47.92％,单发结节伴钙化和伴微小钙化的恶性率均要高于多发结节,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);＜70岁患者钙化的恶性率随年龄增加逐渐下降(P＜0.05);微小钙化的恶性率在44岁及以下年龄组＞44岁以上年龄组(P＜0.01).结论 钙化和微小钙化是甲状腺癌的高危因素,单发结节和年轻患者的钙化和微小钙化的恶性率更高.     

采用磁敏感加权成像技术研究年龄相关的脑铁沉积现象

目的 采用磁敏感加权成像技术,探讨正常人大脑不同区域的铁含量随年龄变化的规律.方法 78名成年健康志愿者按照年龄分为青年组(≤35岁)27名、中年组(36～55岁)35名和老年组(≥56岁)16名,所有受试者均进行磁敏感加权成像,在校正相位图上分别测量苍白球、壳核、尾状核、黑质、红核、丘脑和额叶白质的相位值.30岁以上受试者各脑区的平均相位值和文献报道的脑铁实际含量进行Pearson相关分析,采用单因素方差分析比较各脑区不同年龄组之间的校正相位值差异.用线性回归分析法进一步研究由方差分析法所揭示的年龄相关的铁含量变化,并计算其变化率.结果 各脑区的平均相位值和文献报道的脑铁实际含量问存在负相关性(r=-0.796,P=0.032),铁含量多的脑区相位值的负值大.青年组、中年组和老年组壳核相位值的中位数分别是-0.0185、-0.0362和-0.0566,额叶白质相位值中位数分别是0.0034、-0.0031和-0.0021,各年龄组间的差异具有统计学意义(F值分别为20.115、3.536,P值分别＜0.01、＜0.05).线性回归分析表明,壳核、红核和额叶白质的铁含量随着年龄的增加而增加(回归系数分别为-0.001、-0.001、＜-0.001,P值均＜0.05),苍白球、尾状核、黑质和丘脑的铁含量不随年龄而变化.结论 研究结果证明并拓展了对年龄相关的脑铁沉积现象的认识,为全面、准确认识疾病相关的脑铁异常沉积现象提供了必要的基础.     

The comparison between measurement of open apices of third molars and Demirjian stages to test chronological age of over 18 year olds in living subjects

This paper concerns a method for assessing adult age based on the relationship between age and the third molar maturity index (I_3M), which is related to the measurement of the open apices of the third molar. Furthermore, this method was compared to those based on Demirjian’s stages G and H. The sample consisted of 906 Caucasian individuals aged between 14 and 23 years (53.6% females and 46.4% males). Orthopantomographs were analyzed by two observers and calibrated by means of the concordance correlation coefficient for the reproducibility of the third molar maturity index (I_3M) and κ statistics for reproducibility of the Demirjian stages. Probabilities for an individual to be older than 18 years of age (adult age) were derived using the measurements of the third molar maturity index (I_3M). These results were exploited to set out a threshold value to assign an individual to juvenile or adult age. A cutoff value of I_3M = 0.08 was taken. The sensitivity of this test was 70% and specificity was 98%. Furthermore, the proportion of individuals with a correct classification was 83%. The results of the test showed a better specificity when compared to the choice of stage G and a better sensitivity when compared to the choice of stage H for adult age.     

单囊胚复苏移植中不同年龄妇女妊娠结局的比较

目的探讨冻融单囊胚移植周期中年龄对妊娠结局的影响。方法回顾性分析本院生殖中心2008年1月至2015年12月行冻融优质单囊胚移植的1 005个周期的临床妊娠结局,根据患者年龄分为4组:A组:≤29岁(n=296);B组:30~34岁(n=389);C组:35~37岁(n=151);D组:≥38岁(n=169)。比较4组的临床结局,探讨年龄对妊娠结局的影响。结果 4组临床妊娠率、单胎妊娠率、双胎妊娠率、异位妊娠率、晚期流产率及早产率均无统计学差异(P0.05);与A、B、C组相比较,D组的早期流产率、足月产率及活产率差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。A至D组,早期流产率呈递增趋势,足月产率和活产率呈递减趋势。在年龄≥38岁组,早期流产率高达38.82%,足月产率41.18%,活产率仅有25.44%。结论年龄≥38岁的患者行优质单囊胚移植,妊娠率与其它年龄组无差异,早期流产率明显升高,足月产率及活产率明显降低,建议行双囊胚移植。