Development of nocturia in relation to health, age and the menopause

Objectives:To analyse the relationship between nocturia, age, the menopausal transition, parturition and hormone replacement treatment (HRT) in women.Material and methods:A questionnaire study was carried out in 3669 randomly selected women (out of 6000 invited) in the County of Jämtland, Sweden. Questions were asked about health, the occurrence of somatic diseases and symptoms, habits, health care and medication.Results:In univariate analyses age, menopausal state and HRT, but not parturition, were associated with increased nocturia. In a multiple logistic regression analysis, independent correlates for two or more nocturnal micturition episodes versus no more than one episode were: health, poor versus good 2.9 (2.1–3.8); <5 years after the menopause versus before 1.8 (1.3–2.5); 5–9 years after the menopause versus before 2.1 (1.5–3.0); ≥10 years after the menopause versus before 3.1 (2.3–4.2). Age and HRT were deleted by the logistic regression model.Conclusion:The present data indicate that menopausal state, but not age, parturition and HRT are independent correlates of nocturia in 40–64-year-old women.     

Effects of ouabain,age and K-depletion on K-uptake in rat soleus muscle

The relationship between the number of³H-ouabain binding sites and the Na, K-pump mediated K-uptake has been characterized in rat soleus muscle. By brief exposure to³H-ouabain (1×10^–6–1×10^–5mol/l) in vitro, it could be measured that 19–94% of the ouabain binding sites had been occupied. This was associated with a proportionate decrease in the ouabain suppressible K-uptake indicating that under strictly standardized conditions, measurements of³H-ouabain binding sites quantify functional Na,K-pumps.When 3 week old rats were K-depleted for a further week followed by K-repletion 2 h before measurements, the³H-ouabain binding site concentration was 61% lower than in age-matched control soleus muscles. However, the ouabain suppressible K-uptake was only reduced by 35% partly because intracellular Na remained higher in the muscles obtained from K-depleted rats.From the 1st to the 4th week of life, the³H-ouabain binding site concentration increased 2.9-fold. In contrast, the ouabain suppressible K-uptake decreased by a factor 3.5. Accordingly, in muscles from 1 week old rats, the ouabain suppressible K-uptake per³H-ouabain binding site was 10-fold higher than in muscles from 4 week old rats. This difference could not be accounted for by changes in intracellular Na, total or extracellular water. It may be related to differentiation and change in structure.On the basis of the present results and those reported in the literature for mouse and frog skeletal muscle it was calculated that under resting conditions at 30°C in vitro, isolated skeletal muscles only utilize between 3 and 25% of their total capacity for active Na, K-transport. Therefore, variations in the total Na, K-pump capacity may not readily be detected in measurements of the ouabain suppressible rate of K-uptake.     

The effect of 2,3-dimercaptopropane sodium sulfonate on mercury retention in rats in relation to age

The effectiveness of DMPS (sodium 2,3-dimercaptopropane-1-sulfonate) in reducing inorganic mercury retention was studied in 2-, 6-, and 28-week-old albino rats. ²⁰³Hg was administered IP. The chelating agent DMPS was administered by IP injection at a dose of 250 mol/kg body weight three times, 1 day after ²⁰³Hg administration and at 24 h intervals thereafter. The whole body retention determined 1, 2, 3, and 6 days after ²⁰³Hg administration showed that DMPS decreased the body retention of mercury in all age groups, being about twice as effective in adult compared to suckling rats. The reduced effectiveness was due to the reduced efficacy of DMPS in reducing kidney retention in young animals. In other organs the effectiveness of DMPS was not age dependent. These and previous results obtained with different chelating agents and other metals indicate that age might be an important factor in chelation therapy in general.     

正常人扩展高频测听结果报告

目的 :研究正常人扩展高频听敏度 ,观察扩展高频听力随年龄增加的细微变化。方法 :用意大利Amplaid - 4 6 0型听力计 ,频率范围 8～ 18kHz。测试正常人 12 8人、2 5 6耳 ,17～ 5 0岁 ,男 92人 ,女 36人 ,其中17～ 2 9岁 90人 ,30～ 5 0岁 38人 ,12 5Hz～ 8kHz纯音各频率听阈≤ 2 0dBHL ,声导抗测听正常。以 5岁为一年龄段分 5组进行分析。结果 :1 正常年轻人 (17～ 2 9岁 )高频听阈总的趋势是随频率提高 ,听阈逐渐增加 ,出现率逐渐下降 ,在 14kHz以上频率更为显著 ;2 正常人 17～ 19岁、2 0～ 2 4岁、2 5～ 2 9岁、30～ 34岁、35岁以上各年龄组间 12、14、16、18kHz听阈相比差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5 ) ,随年龄增加听阈逐渐提高 ,高频听阈出现率逐渐下降 ,随频率增加各年龄组差距逐渐明显 ,14kHz以上频率最为明显。结论 :人耳的老化是一个逐渐的过程 ,随年龄增加听阈提高。频率越高受影响越明显。扩展高频纯音测听结果可反映耳蜗亚临床病理状态 ,有利于早期发现听觉感受器病变 ,可用于临床监测耳毒性听力损失和早期诊断梅尼埃病等     

Effect of clinical factors on trajectory of functional performance in patients undergoing hemodialysis

PurposeThis study aimed to investigate the association between clinical factors and temporary changes in functional performance in patients undergoing hemodialysis.MethodsThis was a retrospective, longitudinal observational study conducted from 2015 to 2017. Eight-two patients undergoing hemodialysis in the outpatient clinic were enrolled. Functional performance was measured using the Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) scale. Collected data for analysis included demographics, laboratory parameters, and KPS scale scores. All participants were grouped into a high KPS cluster and a low KPS cluster based on dynamic changes in KPS scales from 2015 to 2017.ResultsParticipants in the high KPS cluster demonstrated an approximate trend, and those in the low KPS cluster demonstrated a low pattern. By stepwise selection model analysis, age (OR 1.12, 95% CI 1.03–1.23, p = 0.011), serum BUN (OR 1.08, 95% CI 1.02–1.16, p = 0.015), calcium levels (OR 3.24, 95% CI 1.2–8.73, p = 0.02), and beta-2-microglobulin (OR > 1.0, CI >1.00-<1.01, p = 0.031) showed risk for the low KPS cluster. Male sex (OR 0.20, 95% CI 0.04–0.96, p = 0.045) and albumin level (OR 0.02, 95% CI 0–0.4, p = 0.009) showed a low risk for the low KPS cluster.ConclusionsA different trajectory pattern was observed between the high and low KPS clusters in a 3-year period. Risk factors for the low KPS cluster were age, serum BUN, calcium, and beta-2-microglobulin levels. Male sex and serum albumin levels reduced the risk for the low KPS cluster.     

Health dynamics shape life-cycle incomes

This paper empirically investigates the long-run effects of major health improvements on income growth in the United States. To isolate exogenous changes in health, the econometric model uses quasi-experimental variation in cardiovascular disease mortality across states over time. Based on data for the white population, the results show that there is a causal link between health and income per person, and they provide novel evidence that health dynamics shape life-cycle incomes. Life-cycle income profiles slope more strongly at the beginning and at the end of work life in 2000 than in 1960, indicating that age becomes a more prominent determinant of income dynamics over this period. The channels for this transformation include better health, higher educational attainment, and changing labor supply.     

社会活动对老年人认知功能的影响

目的 探讨社会活动对不同性别和年龄的中国老年人认知功能的影响。方法 运用2018年“中国老年健康影响因素跟踪调查”的15424份数据。通过MMSE-R量表评价老人认知功能。控制居住地、受教育水平、配偶、自评健康状态、慢性病等因素,运用二元logistic回归分析社会活动对不同性别、年龄段老人认知功能的作用。结果 我国60岁以上老年人认知障碍发生率为34.88%,串门/与朋友交往、家务、看电视听广播和棋牌是所有性别和年龄段的老人认知功能的保护因素。阅读书报是＞85岁组男性老年人认知功能的保护因素,健身运动、旅游是60~85岁组男性认知功能的保护因素;社会组织活动是＞85岁组女性老人认知功能的保护因素。结论 根据老人的状态和需求提供适宜的社会活动方案,重视老年人社会活动的指导和推广。     

Interleukin-6 and selected plasma proteins in healthy persons of different ages

In the present study, interleukin-6(IL-6) and several acute phase proteins were measured in healthy participants (23–87 years of age). A linear correlation between IL-6 and age was established with an increase of 0.016 pg/ml(00.004) per year of life. Whereas CRP remained below 0.5 mg/dl in all participants, an increase with age for fibrinogen and an inverse relation for albumin as well as transferrin were obtained. However, the increase of IL-6 did not correlate with any of these changes. IL-6 associated diseases may therefore occur more often with advancing age, but in healthy participants IL-6 does not explain the changing plasma protein pattern resembling that of an acute phase reaction.     

Action potentials of the rat diaphragm and their sensitivity to tetrodotoxin during postnatal development and old age

Summary Using the microelectrode technique, parameters of action potentials obtained from the diaphragm muscle fibres were studied at 3, 7, 14, 30 and 90 days of age and on 28–30 month old rats. The maximum rate of rise was always greater at the end-plate zone than at the extrajunctional parts of muscle fibre at all ages examined. A maximum difference of 40% was found in animals aged 7–30 days. Sensitivity to tetrodotoxin (TTX) was maximal 3 days after birth at the extrajunctiona zone (5×10^–8 M) and minimal at the end-plate zone (5×10^–6 M). This difference declined during the postnatal life until it had disappeared in old rats. The greater resistance of the end-plate zone action potentials to TTX and their greater maximum rate of rise is not apparently connected with the presence of acetylcholine sensitivity.