癌症爆发痛治疗进展

癌痛是恶性肿瘤患者最常见的伴随症状之一,而爆发痛作为癌痛的一种特殊类型,因其起病急、持续时间较长、疼痛程度高,对患者及社会常造成严重的不良影响,因此关注爆发痛具有十分重要的临床意义和社会意义。本文从爆发痛的定义、分类分型、病理生理学机制和通过不同给药途径综合治疗特点等方面分析爆发痛。     

社会网络链接预测研究方法探析

阐述了近年来链接预测的研究内容及意义,对现有的社会网络链接预测方法及特点进行分析,发现在图书情报学领域链接预测研究虽尚处在应用阶段,但可能成为近年的热点,在生物医学领域中的蛋白质相互作用网络等生物信息网络具有广阔的应用前景。     

老年癌症患者共病的研究进展

共病是指共存于同一患者体内的 2 种或 2 种以上的慢性非传染性疾病。近年来,老年癌症共病发生率较高,受到学者的广泛关注。本研究通过概述共病的概念、形式和分类,阐述老年癌症共病发生率及模式、介绍老年癌症共病测量工具、描述共病对老年癌症患者的影响,发现虽然老年癌症共病发生率高,且共病对老年癌症患者的诊断、治疗、生活质量及生存期存在较大的影响,但是对于共病模式尚未有统一共识,国际上没有统一的评估工具。建议后期将老年癌症共病患者纳入临床试验中,了解患者需求,解决现存问题。     

基于丝素蛋白的新型药物递送系统研究进展

丝素蛋白是从蚕丝或蜘蛛丝中提取的具有良好机械强度的天然高分子纤维蛋白,具有良好的晶体多态性、生物相容性和生物可降解性、细胞黏附性、易于化学修饰和低免疫原性等特点,基于丝素蛋白的药物递送系统还具有良好的热稳定性、制备温和、提高蛋白质等生物药物稳定性的特点,近年来在小分子药物和生物大分子药物递送方面都受到了广泛关注.本文从丝素蛋白的结构、制备工艺、释药特性等方面综述了其在膜剂、凝胶剂、微球、纳米制剂、微针、脂质体、干粉吸入剂等剂型中的最新研究进展,并对其发展方向进行了总结和展望.     

Acute appendicitis–advances and controversies

Being one of the most common causes of the acute abdomen, acute appendicitis (AA) forms the bread and butter of any general surgeon’s practice. With the recent advancements in AA’s management, much controversy in diagnostic algorithms, possible differential diagnoses, and weighing the management options has been generated, with no absolute consensus in the literature. Since Alvarado described his eponymous clinical scoring system in 1986 to stratify AA risk, there has been a burgeoning of additional scores for guiding downstream management and mortality assessment. Furthermore, advancing literature on the role of antibiotics, variations in appendicectomy, and its adjuncts have expanded the surgeon’s repertoire of management options. Owing to the varied presentation, diagnostic tools, and management of AA have also been proposed in special groups such as pregnant patients, the elderly, and the immunocompromised. This article seeks to raise the critical debates about what is currently known about the above aspects of AA and explore the latest controversies in the field. Considering the ever-evolving coronavirus disease 2019 situation worldwide, we also discuss the pandemic’s repercussions on patients and how surgeons’ practices have evolved in the context of AA.     

针刺治疗急性脑梗死的临床研究简况

急性脑梗死早期不失时机地针刺治疗,可阻止病情继续发展,提高神经系统的自我修复与代偿能力,加速自然恢复过程,缩短病程并为功能恢复打下良好的基础。从头部腧穴、头针、其他腧穴针刺法等方面进行综述。     

Recent advances in epidermal cell cultures

Summary Among the many skin culture systems, three have been selected in this short review because of their specific potentials in Dermatological research. H. Green cultures newborn human forsekin keratinocytes on a mouse 3T3 feeder layer. Keratinocytes grow and keratinize. The feeder cells release factor (s) which allows serial propagation of keratinocytes to be achieved. The cell yield is further increased by adding epidermal growth factor. This system has already proved to be a potent tool for the study of keratinization at the molecular level. A. Freeman has described a system in which explants of adult human skin are cultured on the dermal aspect of dead split-thickness pig skin. Keratinocytes can be passaged several times. Their differentiation is remarkable: it includes the production of keratohyaline, membrane coating granules, pemphigus as well as pemphigoid antigens. This system is interesting in the study of epidermal morphogenesis and may be applicable to the treatment of burns.The culture of epidermal cells from adult guinea pig ear in comparison with that of dermal fibroblasts is being used to study the specificity of action of pharmacological compounds on growth and keratinization of epidermal cells. Furthermore, the isolation (and culture) of pure populations of basal cells appears as a promising approach to the study of the mechanisms which moderate epidermal cell proliferation.     

急性烟雾吸入性肺损伤药物治疗的研究进展

烟雾吸入是火灾中受害者死亡的最主要原因。烟雾中的颗粒物、有毒气体、刺激剂以及窒息剂的共同作用,使肺部发生急剧的病理生理反应,造成急性肺损伤,进而导致人员大量伤亡。近20年来,对烟雾吸入性急性肺损伤的病理生理学机制有了比较清楚的认识,药物治疗方面也取得了较大的进展,本文对此作一综述。