Acute appendicitis–advances and controversies

Being one of the most common causes of the acute abdomen, acute appendicitis (AA) forms the bread and butter of any general surgeon’s practice. With the recent advancements in AA’s management, much controversy in diagnostic algorithms, possible differential diagnoses, and weighing the management options has been generated, with no absolute consensus in the literature. Since Alvarado described his eponymous clinical scoring system in 1986 to stratify AA risk, there has been a burgeoning of additional scores for guiding downstream management and mortality assessment. Furthermore, advancing literature on the role of antibiotics, variations in appendicectomy, and its adjuncts have expanded the surgeon’s repertoire of management options. Owing to the varied presentation, diagnostic tools, and management of AA have also been proposed in special groups such as pregnant patients, the elderly, and the immunocompromised. This article seeks to raise the critical debates about what is currently known about the above aspects of AA and explore the latest controversies in the field. Considering the ever-evolving coronavirus disease 2019 situation worldwide, we also discuss the pandemic’s repercussions on patients and how surgeons’ practices have evolved in the context of AA.     

幽门螺旋杆菌的研究进展

幽门螺旋杆菌(Helicobacter pylori,Hp)是全球范围内高感染率的慢性感染性致病菌。Hp的感染可引起人类发生慢性胃炎、胃和十二指肠溃疡、消化性胃黏膜相关的淋巴样组织淋巴瘤和胃腺癌。本文就Hp的生物学特征、致病机制、流行病学特征、耐药性问题及检测方法等的研究进展作一综述。     

积雪草有效成分药理研究进展

积雪草具有清热利湿、解毒消肿的功效,临床上多用于治疗跌打损伤、皮肤病等.近年来国内外对积雪草开展了广泛而深入的药理研究,本文查阅了国内相关文献,从积雪草的活性成分和药理作用及其机制等方面进行综述,为积雪草的研究与开发利用提供参考建议和科学依据.     

石榴的药理学研究进展

石榴是石榴科植物。近年来，随着老药新用的提出，石榴所具有的抗癌、降血糖、免疫调节作用、改善心血管系统作用等药效以及它的新的药理作用不断被发现。本文对国内外石榴的药理作用研究进行了综述。     

结核分枝杆菌实验室检测产品和技术应用进展

结核病是全球面临的重大公共卫生问题,结核病患者的早期快速检测对提高患者的疗效,并有效阻断结核人际传播至关重要.结核病诊断能力不足是导致发现率和报告率较低的根本原因,尤其在患者面对交通、经济负担等一系列问题时,进一步加剧患者的漏诊.然而传统的结核分枝杆菌实验室检测方法已无法满足临床的实际需求,亟待在结核病高负担国家使用和...     

钉螺遗传学及其生物学特性的研究进展

钉螺的生物学研究一直受到研究者关注,近年来许多研究者运用种群遗传学、分子生物学等方法对钉螺遗传学特性,及其与钉螺分布和对血吸虫易感性等开展了系列研究,旨在探索阻断血吸虫生活史的新方法。但国内就钉螺遗传学研究特别是与日本血吸虫相容性的遗传特性方面的研究仍较薄弱,今后研究重点应借鉴国际上对曼氏血吸虫中间宿主——光滑双脐螺的大量研究结果与方法,特别是借助基因组学、转录组学和蛋白组学等现代研究方法,开展钉螺遗传特性及其与血吸虫关系的研究,以提升我国钉螺遗传学的研究水平。     

单萜苷类化合物及其药理活性研究进展

西药中药化是以中医药理论为指导,以中药的特性和功效为指标,来研究指导西药的临床应用。西药中药化研究既能够丰富和深化中医药学内容,也将进一步推动中医药学现代化的研究进程。本文对西药中药化的研究情况及进展进行了归纳整理。     

中枢神经系统肿瘤相关炎症研究进展

19世纪Rudolf Virchow在肿瘤组织中第一次发现了炎症细胞,肿瘤与炎症免疫之间的关系便成为人们研究肿瘤的一个重要途径[1].炎症在肿瘤的发生、发展过程中的重要作用已逐步为人们所认识[2].     

手足口病治疗新进展

手足口病是婴幼儿及儿童常见的病毒感染性疾病,然而近年来,在亚太地区,已有多次手足口病的大流行报道,并伴随较高的致死率。该病通常主要由柯萨奇病毒A16及肠道病毒71型感染所致。值得关注的是,肠道病毒71感染者严重并发症发病率及致死率较柯萨奇病毒A16感染者高。本研究针对国内外有关手足口病治疗进展情况进行综述。     

烧伤休克期补液

To retrospect the development of fluid resuscitation for burn shock and to look to the future. The main achievements in burn care in the past fifty years and existing problems are summarized, and the appropriate regime of fluid resuscitation for burn shock is suggested. Numerous achievements in burn care have been made, including the estimation of burn area, fluid replenishment formula, delayed resuscitation, fluid resuscitation for bum shock complicated by inhalation injury, covert compensatory shock and research on mechanism of bum shock etc. We had established and improved fluid resuscitation formula, and we had made clear how to properly resuscitate burn shock. However how to tide over the patient form burn shock smoothly had not yet reached a consensus. Effective treatment to alleviate hypoxic injuries as a result of severe shock had not been properly defined. Although significant achievements in fluid resuscitation for burn shock have been made, there is still a long way to go to attain a perfect regime. Therefore it is still utterly necessary to carry on in-depth research on this problem both in the laboratory and bedside.