Cyclosporin A in the ocular fluids of uveitis patients following long-term systemic administration

BACKGROUND/AIMS: To determine the levels of cyclosporin A (CsA) in tears and the anterior segment of the eye following long-term oral intake for autoimmune diseases. METHODS: Subjects taking oral CsA to treat relapsing autoimmune ocular inflammation were included in this study. All of the patients had been quiescent for at least 6 months. In patients scheduled for cataract extraction (group A), the CsA levels in the blood, aqueous humour and anterior capsule of the lens were determined. In subjects not requiring surgical intervention (group B), CsA was measured in tears and blood. The samples were analysed using turbulent flow chromatography coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). RESULTS: There were 19 subjects in group A and 43 subjects in group B. CsA was detectable in all of the tear samples with a mean value of 22.4 +/- 20.2 ng/ml and there was a significant positive correlation between the CsA levels in tears and blood (P = 0.012). CsA was not detected in any of the surgical samples. CONCLUSION: LC-MS/MS proved very sensitive for detecting CsA in low-volume biological samples. CsA was present in human tears in proportion to the blood level after an average of 12 hours from the last oral intake.     

DNA疫苗在呼吸道变应性疾病中的研究及展望

近几十年,变应性鼻炎及哮喘的患病率急剧增高,极大地影响了患者的生活质量,并给患者和社会增加了巨大的经济负担。目前该类疾病的治疗仍以抗组胺、糖皮质激素等药物治疗为主,变应原提取蛋白特异性免疫治疗虽已得到逐渐认可和大力推广,但其疗效有时不稳定,在标准化、安全性及依从性等问题上常被质疑和诟病。     

Colorectal Cancer Screening Program in Songjiang district,Shanghai between 2015 and 2017: Evaluation of participation rate and the associated factor

Little is known about the participation rate of newly implemented colorectal cancer (CRC) screening programs in China. Our goals were to identify factors associated with nonparticipation for CRC screening in Songjiang District, Shanghai.We analyzed individuals included in an observational cohort study from 4 towns (Xin Qiao, She Shan, Mao Gang, and Zhong Shan) in Songjiang District. The participation rate was calculated for the CRC screening program based on a fecal immunochemical test and a risk assessment questionnaire between 2015 and 2017 inclusive.Of the 27,130 individuals eligible for inclusion in this study, 20,863 (76.9%) participated in CRC screening at least once during 2015 and 2017. The factors linked with nonparticipation were; being male (odds ratio [OR] 0.87, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.82–0.93, P < .01), unmarried (OR 0.71, 95% CI 0.64–0.80, P < .01), having a high education level (middle school, OR 0.82, 95% CI 0.74–0.90, P < .01, high school or above, OR 0.64, 95% CI 0.57–0.73, P < .01), absence of chronic disease (OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.85–0.96, P < .01), and living in 2 out of the 4 towns covered (Xin Qiao, OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.66–0.78, P < .01, Zhong Shan, OR 0.29, 95% CI 0.26–0.31, P < .01).The current study revealed several associated factors with nonparticipation for the CRC screening in Songjiang district. These findings will help identify target populations that require an individualized approach to increase the participation rate.     

大黄庶虫虫丸对气虚血瘀大鼠TNF－α和NF－kB／IkB－α的影响

目的：探究大黄庶虫虫丸对气虚血瘀大鼠炎性因子TNF－α和NF－kB／IkB－α信号通路的影响。方法：采用游泳力竭联合注射盐酸肾上腺素复合因素致气虚血瘀的动物模型。大黄庶虫虫丸灌胃干预治疗,造模1周,注射肾上腺素1 h后麻醉,股动脉取血,检测血流变学,并采用放射免疫法测定TNF－α水平, ABC免疫组化法测定NF－kB、 IkB－α信号通路的蛋白表达。结果：模型组与空白组比较TNF－α、 NF－kB显著升高, IkB－α表达明显降低。大黄庶虫虫丸高剂量组与模型组比较, TNF－α、 NF－kB表达明显降低, IkB－α表达明显增高。结论：大黄庶虫虫丸能够降低气虚血瘀大鼠炎性因子TNF－α表达,并通过IkB－α抑制NF－kB的表达进一步抑制炎症的发生和发展,发挥祛瘀补虚之功效。     

加味二至丸治疗未分化结缔组织病并尿红细胞异常疗效观察

目的观察加味二至丸治疗未分化结缔组织病并尿红细胞异常的临床疗效。方法30例未分化结缔组织病并尿检红细胞异常患者给予加味二至丸治疗,疗程12周。结果治疗12周后,症状疗效总有效率为100％,尿检疗效总有效率为83．33％,综合疗效总有效率为83．33％。结论加味二至丸治疗未分化结缔组织病并尿红细胞异常疗效确切。     

参附注射液治疗内科疾病

参附注射液提取于人参黑附片,包含乌头生物碱、人参皂苷类成分,现代工艺精制而成。中草药成分复杂,药理疗效通过多靶点、多层面作用于人体组织器官。临床实践验证,参附注射液补气、温阳。虚证表现为细胞免疫功能下降,参附注射液能提高免疫功能,改善机体免疫力,内科疾病应用价值明显。     

不完全型P450 17α酶缺乏症六例报道及分析

目的 探讨不完全型P45017α酶（17α羟化爵每／17,20裂解酶）缺乏症（17OHD）的临床特征、鉴别诊断和处理方法。方法 回顾性分析北京协和医院6例不完全型17OHD的临床特征,并通过文献复习讨论该病的发病机制和典型的临床特征。结果 6例中4例为46,XX不完全型17OHD患者,其临床特征包括女性表型、不同程度的乳房发育、阴毛少、月经稀发或继发闭经、反复发作的卵巢囊肿、性腺功能低下伴持续性血清孕酮和（或）17α羟孕酮水平升高、合并或不合并低钾性高血压;另2例为46,XY不完全型17OHD患者,伴有不同程度的外生殖器性别不清和低钾性高血压。结论 不完全型17OHD是一种极为罕见的先天性甾体合成酶缺乏,临床上出现月经异常、性发育幼稚、反复发作的卵巢囊肿或外生殖器性别不清时应考虑此病。     

聚焦超声治疗外阴上皮内非瘤样病变的近远期疗效及其影响因素

目的 探讨聚焦超声治疗外阴上皮内非瘤样病变的近远期疗效及并发症,并初步分析其预后影响因素。方法 选择经病理检查证实为外阴上皮内非瘤样病变患者共76例,采用聚焦超声进行治疗。术后定期随访局部瘙痒症状的改善情况,采用阴道镜检查方法观察体征的变化。结果 聚焦超声治疗后平均随访28．3个月（24～60个月）,有39例患者治愈（27例为鳞状上皮增生型,12例为硬化性苔癣型）,总治愈率为51％（39／76）,总有效率达95％（72／76）,累计复发率为36％（26／72）。对复发病例在间隔一段时间后进行再次聚焦超声治疗,同样可以获得显著的临床治疗效果,18例复发后再治疗患者中,6例完全恢复正常,12例症状明显减轻或缓解。76例患者中,4例（2例鳞状上皮增生型,2例硬化性苔癣型）于治疗后2～4h出现治疗区皮肤少量水疱,经抗炎、对症治疗后均痊愈。另有2例（1例鳞状上皮增生型,1例硬化性苔癣型）在治疗后2周出现治疗区局部皮肤浅表溃疡,经抗炎、对症及促表皮生长等治疗3周后痊愈。76例患者经24～60个月的临床观察未发现有远期并发症。不同的麻醉方式及不同的病理类型对聚焦超声治疗效果的影响比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,但病程越短、年龄越小,聚焦超声治疗的临床效果越好。结论 聚焦超声用于治疗外阴上皮内非瘤样病变安全有效,无远期并发症发生。