不同类型正常乳腺表观扩散系数值差异的研究

目的 研究不同类型正常乳腺表观扩散系数（ADC）值的差异，探讨ADC值与组织学分型之间的关系。方法 采用单次激发平面回波（EPI）技术，扩散敏感因子（b）值分别为0、500、1000s／mm^2，对62个正常乳腺（包括42例乳腺病变患者的对侧正常乳腺及10名健康志愿者20个乳腺）进行MR扫描及MR扩散加权成像（DWI）检查，计算62个正常乳腺分别在不同b值时的ADC值。将62个正常乳腺分为3型，比较3型之间ADC值的差异及不同b值时ADC值的差异。结果 42例乳腺病变患者对侧正常乳腺的DWI及ADC图与组织切片对比，不同类型乳腺组织学结构不同，其DWI及ADC图表现亦有差异。62个正常乳腺分为致密型10个，分叶斑点型42个及退化型10个。致密型和分叶斑点型乳腺随b值降低ADC值升高，而退化型乳腺随b值降低ADC值变化不明显。b=1000—0s／mm^2时，致密型、分叶斑点型、退化型乳腺ADC值分别为（1．70±0．37）、（1．93±0．46）、（1．18±0．65）×10^-3mm^2／s，3组间比较差异有统计学意义（F=12．998，P=0．000）。不同b值时每2种类型间进行单因素方差分析，致密型和分叶斑点型之间差异无统计学意义（F=2．167，P=0．147）；致密型和退化型之间、分叶斑点型和退化型之间差异均有统计学意义（F值分别为5．593、19．128，P值分别为0．029、0．000）。结论 3型正常乳腺ADC值受乳腺组织学结构的影响，致密型和分叶斑点型乳腺ADC值受b值高低的影响。     

影响原发性肝癌肝移植治疗的预后因素分析

目的分析影响肝癌肝移植术后生存率和无瘤生存率的危险因素,探讨国内肝移植治疗肝癌的选择标准。方法对67例接受同种异位原位肝移植治疗的原发性肝癌病人的基本资料和肿瘤相关资料包括术前病情分级、血清AFP水平、术前辅助治疗以及肝癌大小、数目、pTNM分期、肿瘤恶性程度分级等因素进行单因素和多因素分析。结果术后1年、2年累积生存率为77%、67%,6个月和12个月无瘤生存率为66%和58%。单因素分析显示对肝癌肝移植术后累积生存率影响有统计学意义的因素为CHILD分级(MELD积分)和肝外大血管侵犯;多因素分析影响肝癌肝移植术后无瘤生存率有统计学义的因素是肿瘤大小、大血管侵犯和肿瘤分化程度。结论影响肝癌肝移植术后生存率的因素仍是术前患者肝功能状态。对存在大血管侵犯的肝癌患者需严格控制肝移植术适应证,而无血管侵犯的患者在选择肝移植治疗时肿瘤大小指标可较米兰标准适当放宽。     

干细胞经脑脊液移植后在损伤脊髓的早期变化观察

目的观察神经干细胞经脑室注射后在损伤脊髓的早期动态变化。方法取转录有绿色荧光蛋白（GFP）基因的孕16天SD鼠胚脑海马组织，培养成神经干细胞球，注射到损伤脊髓鼠第四脑室（实验组），观察其在脊髓的存活、分化状况。结果移植细胞在脊髓表面形成细胞团。分布于损伤区头侧。细胞团的面积背侧小于腹侧；数目背侧多于腹侧。这种分布和增殖形式见于损伤脊髓正常部分和无损伤脊髓（对照组）。1周时细胞侵入损伤区，GFAP表达呈阳性。2～3周时与宿主细胞良好整合。结论移植细胞通过脑脊液能广泛分布于脊髓表面。保持黏附、增殖和分化能力。并可迁移、整合到损伤脊髓组织中。     

使用皮下埋藏灌注器治疗肝癌导管并发症分析

目的 研究皮下埋藏灌注器治疗肝癌导管所致的并发症。方法 收集我院1990～2004年用该方法治疗肝癌患者共313例，其中肝动脉栓塞化疗234例，门静脉化疗33例，肝动脉栓塞化疗加门静脉化疗40例，腹腔置管化疗6例。结果 发生导管并发症共43例，发生率为13．7％，其中导管堵塞16例，导管移动、松脱7例，肝动脉胆管漏8例，灌注器皮下感染，皮瓣坏死12例，肝动脉插管与门静脉插管导管并发症的比率为2．6：1。结论 采用皮下埋藏灌注器治疗由肝癌导管所致的并发症，为数不少，应引起重视。     

氧化苦参碱对人胃癌SGC-7901细胞株生长的影响

目的观察氧化苦参碱对人胃癌SGC-7901细胞株体外增殖率的影响情况。方法噻唑蓝（MTT）比色测定法确定氧化苦参碱对胃癌SGC-7901细胞存活抑制作用。结果试验浓度下氧化苦参碱对SGC-7901细胞增殖抑制作用呈剂量依赖性，当浓度为12mg／ml时，对SGC-7901增殖的抑制率最大，达到87．63％。结论氧化苦参碱对人胃癌SGC-7901细胞的增殖具有明显的抑制作用。     

调脂宜从肝脾入手

中医学认为血脂异常在病机方面属“痰浊”、“血瘀”范畴，生理上与中医之膏脂相类似，属津液之范畴，肝脾功能的正常是血脂正常代谢的重要条件，脾“化”的相对不足是血脂代谢异常的根本原因；肝失疏泄是血脂代谢失常的重要因素，治疗的根本在于截断血脂失调的源头，或者扭转已有的病理趋势，使其不再发生代谢紊乱。     

翼腭窝的CT三维成像

目的：探讨CT三维成像评价翼腭窝解剖结构的价值。材料和方法：使用Philips Mx8000型多层CT检查仪对5个成人头颅标本进行准直1mm或0．5mm的容积采集，并将数据输入配套Mxview工作站（SGI02）进行三维重建处理，包括容积显示（VR）和三维正交多平面重建（MPR）。鼻腔内侧壁相关结构进行测量并与标本测量进行对比。结果：CT三维正交多平面重建图像可以十分清楚地显示翼腭窝结构及其6个通路结构，VR可以清楚、准确地显示鼻腔内侧壁结构，并均可以获得准确测量。结论：CT容积采集结合合理的三维重建可以直观、立体地显示翼腭窝解剖及其相关通连结构。     

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children: correlation of musculoskeletal manifestations and immunophenotypes

Purpose Studies on musculoskeletal manifestations (MSM) of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have yielded variable findings with regard to their clinical impact. We investigated the significance for differential diagnosis, treatment and outcome of musculoskeletal complaints as presenting symptoms of ALL, and their correlation with leukemia immunophenotypes, for which data is lacking. Methods Data on 783 children in the national study for childhood ALL between 1984 and 2003 were reviewed retrospectively. Statistical analysis examined possible relationships between MSM at the time of diagnosis and demographic and clinical data, biological features of leukemia (peripheral blood counts, immunophenotype and main cytogenetic aberration), response to initial prednisone treatment, and outcome. Results Of 765 children with data on orthopaedic complaints, 240 presented with MSM (31.4%). Among these children, B cell precursor (BCP) was much more common (209/576, 36.3%) than T cell ALL (25/176, 14.2%). Patients with MSM had lower white blood cell counts (WBC) (median of 9 vs. 20 × 10⁹/L, P < 0.001) and percentage of blast cells in the peripheral blood at diagnosis compared to those without (median of 27 vs. 53%, P < 0.001). Hepatomegaly and splenomegaly were less common in MSM group (67 vs. 53% <3 cm, P < 0.001, and 63 vs. 50% <3 cm, P < 0.001, respectively). Poor response to initial treatment with prednisone was recorded in 7.1% of patients with MSM versus 11.5% of those without (P = 0.086). The analysis revealed no independent effect of MSM on event-free survival (EFS), after correcting for differences in EFS related to immunophenotype or initial WBC. Conclusions MSM occur mostly in children with BCP ALL who present with less involvement of extramedullary organs, low peripheral blood blasts and white blood cells counts. These findings highlight the importance of including ALL in the differential diagnosis of MSM even in the presence of an apparently normal peripheral blood count. Our study also suggests that MSM are caused by leukemic cells with enhanced biological propensity to remain relatively confined within the intramedullary bone-marrow space.     

一种简单实用的测量气管截面积的方法

目的介绍一种简单实用而较精确的测量狭窄气管截面积的方法.方法利用纤维支气管镜、测长器、模拟气管等制作并校正测量标尺,并利用该标尺测量了3例气管状况异常患者的气管某一截面面积.结果用校正过的4种测量标尺测量了10个模拟气管的直径,和实测真值比较经t检验分析无显著性差异,利用上述标尺测量的3个患者的目的截面面积分别为约96 mm2、 105 mm2和192 mm2.结论本方法提供了一种简单、快速而又较精确的测量大气道某一截面面积的方法,为定量评价患者的通气功能、选择气管支架或采用其他干预手段处理气管病变提供了数据参考.     

Successful Liver and Kidney Transplantation From Cadaveric Donors With Left-Sided Bacterial Endocarditis

Bacterial infections are frequent in cadaveric organ donors and can be transmitted to the transplantation recipient, which could have devastating consequences for the recipients if adequate preventive measures are not adopted.
From the 355 consecutive brain dead cadaveric organ donors procured at our center in the last four years, 2000–2003, four of them (1.1%) had bacterial endocarditis as cause of death. The bacteria responsible for the endocarditis were Staphylococcus epidermidis, coagulase-negative Staphylococcus , Staphylococcus hominis and Streptococcus viridans , respectively. We performed five kidney and two liver transplantations on seven recipients. All donors and recipients received antibiotic treatment against the germ causing the respective endocarditis.
Infection by the bacteria responsible for the endocarditis in the respective donors was not transmitted to any of the recipients. Six of the seven recipients were alive with normal-functioning grafts after between 13 and 24 months' follow-up. Transplantectomy was performed on one kidney recipient due to thrombosis of the renal vein of the graft not related to the endocarditis.
Liver and kidney transplantation from donors dying from bacterial endocarditis can be performed without causing the transmission of infection to the recipient or the dysfunction of the graft.