基于电子舌的穿心莲水煎液的掩味效果评价研究

目的 探讨电子舌用于评价穿心莲掩味效果的可行性,为药物掩味研究提供参考.方法 以穿心莲为苦味中药模型药,选择醋酸钠(NaAc)、甜蜜素(SC)、腺苷-5′-磷酸(AMP)、2,4-二羟基甲苯酸(DA)作为掩味剂,通过电子舌进行测定,所得数据用主成分分析法进行分析,并进行不同维度数据空间内欧氏距离计算,以苦距大小作为评价指标评价掩味效果,并与口尝结果比较.结果 电子舌对SC、AMP、DA 3种掩味剂的掩味效果的区分与口尝法的评价结果基本一致,但对NaAc的评价结果与口尝评价结果不一致,提示使用电子舌评价中药掩味效果需要满足一定的条件.结论 电子舌在满足一定的条件下,可以用于中药掩味效果的评价.利用电子舌进行药物味觉信息评价,应运用药学、化学专业知识及相关学科的知识加以分析,逐步完善这种评价方法和模式.     

针刺远近端腧穴治疗急性腰扭伤疗效比较评价

目的:评价针刺治疗急性腰扭伤不同取穴方法的临床疗效比较。方法:检索PUBMED、Cohrance图书馆、CBM数据库、CNKI数据库收集针刺治疗急性腰扭伤的随机对照试验,选择符合纳入标准的临床试验,以Cochrane系统评价手册5.0进行质量评价,统计学分析采用RevMan4.2.8。结果:5篇文献符合纳入标准,共1076例患者。Meta-分析显示针刺远端穴位对照局部常规取穴其一次治愈率合并RR=1.81,95%CI(1.49,2.19)。结论:针刺远端腧穴治疗急性腰扭伤的疗效可能优于局部常规取穴,且起效快,但纳入的文献质量较低且数量有限,尚需进一步验证。     

Margin distance and other clinico-pathologic prognostic factors in vulvar carcinoma: a multivariate analysis

OBJECTIVES: To determine the importance of margin status and other prognostic factors associated with the recurrence and survival of patients with squamous cell vulvar carcinoma. METHODS: Data were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier methods and Cox proportional hazards regression. All slides were re-reviewed by two gynecologic pathologists. RESULTS: Ninety patients (median age: 69) were treated for vulvar carcinoma from 1984 to 2002, including 28 FIGO stage I, 20 stage II, 26 stage III and 16 with stage IV disease. Sixty-three (70%) patients underwent complete radical vulvectomies and 27 (30%) had modified radical vulvectomies. Nineteen (20%) patients received adjuvant radiotherapy. Five-year disease-specific survival rates were 100%, 100%, 86% and 29% for stages I-IV, respectively. None of the 30 patients with a pathologic margin distance >8 mm had local recurrence. Of the 53 women with tumor-free pathologic margin of <8 mm, 12 (23%) had a local recurrence. Moreover, women with >2 positive groin nodes had significantly higher recurrence risk compared to those with <2 metastatic groin nodes (p<0.001). On multivariate analysis, positive groin nodes and margin distance were important prognostic factors for recurrence. Moreover, stage, tumor size, margin distance, and depth of invasion were significant independent predictors for disease-specific survival. The median follow-up was 58 months (range: 2-188). CONCLUSIONS: Pathologic margin distance is an important predictor of local vulvar recurrence. Our data suggest that a > or =8-mm pathologic margin clearance leads to a high rate of loco-regional control.     

镜眼距离对球面屈光不正光学矫正的影响

本文介绍了一种比较简单的Emsley简略眼。在此模型眼的基础上讨论了正视眼眼轴长度与眼的焦度之间的关系,研究了镜眼距离对球面屈光不正光学矫正的影响。该研究发现镜眼距离越大,或镜片屈光力越高,影响就越大。     

基于赋权形态学分析的三维面部对称参考平面构建方法

目的: 建立一种基于三维形态学分析的赋权普氏分析(weighted Procrustes analysis,WPA)方法,实现对下颌偏斜患者面部解剖标志点不对称程度量化赋权的三维面部对称参考平面自动化构建。方法: 临床收集下颌偏斜患者30例,基于本体-镜像关联法的普氏分析(Procrustes analysis,PA)算法和自主研发的WPA算法,分别构建每名患者三维面部模型的对称参考平面(实验组一和二),以专家定义的区域迭代最近点(iterative closest point,ICP)算法(选取对称性良好的区域)构建的对称参考平面为“真值平面”,作为参考组。以实验组与参考组的平面角度误差作为评价指标,分别比较两个实验组与参考组的差异,评价WPA算法构建对称参考平面的临床适用性。结果: 30例下颌偏斜患者WPA算法构建的对称参考平面与真值平面的角度误差为1.53°±0.84°,PA算法构建的对称参考平面与真值平面的角度误差为2.06°±0.86°。对于下颌偏斜大于12 mm的患者,WPA算法比PA算法的平均平面角度误差小0.86°。结论: 基于三维面部形态学分析的WPA算法对下颌偏斜面部不对称畸形患者构建三维面部对称参考平面的临床应用效果比传统PA算法有显著提高,初步达到了口腔临床专家级诊断策略的效果。     

卫星远程护理教育的组织与实施

卫星远程教育是构筑知识经济时代人们终身学习体系的一种新型教育途经,笔者介绍了卫星远程教育系统、卫星远程护理教育应用、组织与实施,提出要转变教育思想,创新教育观念,了解和研究信息时代教育教学的模式、方法、体系;进一步完善远程教育的质量保证体系,不断改革教学方法,提高课件制作水平,切实做好技术保障。     

模拟远程投送对甘油长期冷冻保存兔角膜内皮细胞的影响

目的:探讨在实验室模拟远程运输状态下机械振动对改良后甘油长期保存兔角膜内皮细胞(CEC)活性的影响。方法:通过改良后的甘油保存角膜的方法,实验室中保存兔角膜片3mo,实验室用摇床模拟远程运输环境,结合实际按不同时间、不同振动强度进行分组,分别进行CEC活性染色并行实验性PKP术,对比各组间模拟运输对角膜内皮的影响。结果:实验条件下观察指标并不随振动强度和时间变化,组间各项指标差异无显著性。结论:实验室模拟远程投送对甘油长期保存兔角膜的CEC无显著性影响。     

瞬时加速度波强与传统评价左心室收缩功能指标的比较

目的通过对左心室射血分数(LVEF)、左心室舒张末容积(EDV)、左心室收缩末容积(ESV)、瞬时加速度波强(W1)、6 min步行距离(6MWD)的比较,探索W1评价冠心病患者左心功能的价值。方法应用ProSoundα10彩色多普勒超声诊断仪检测患者EDV、ESV、LVEF、W1,随即测量患者6MWD,之后2 h内行冠状动脉造影,选择冠状动脉造影证实至少1支血管一处狭窄>50%患者83例作为研究对象。将入选者按6MWD分为2组(6 min运动距离正常组,6MWD>350 m;6 min运动距离减退组,6MWD<350 m),比较两组间EDV、ESV、LVEF、W1。结果两组EDV、ESV、W1、LVEF比较均有统计学意义(P<0.01);W1、LVEF与6MWD呈明显正相关(P<0.01);EDV、ESV与6MWD呈明显负相关(P<0.01)。结论 W1有望成为一项反映左心室收缩功能的超声指标。     

Frame Work of Data Envelopment Analysis——A Model to Evaluate the Environmental Efficiency of China's Industrial Sectors

Objective To evaluate the environmental and technical efficiencies of China＇s industrial sectors and provide appropriate advice for policy makers in the context of rapid economic growth and concurrent serious environmental damages caused by industrial pollutants. Methods A data of envelopment analysis （DEA） framework crediting both reduction of pollution outputs and expansion of good outputs was designed as a model to compute environmental efficiency of China＇s regional industrial systems. Results As shown by the geometric mean of environmental efficiency, if other inputs were made constant and good outputs were not to be improved, the air pollution outputs would have the potential to be decreased by about 60% in the whole China. Conclusion Both environmental and technical efficiencies have the potential to be greatly improved in China, which may provide some advice for policy-makers.     

Competitive Golf: How Longer Courses Are Changing Athletes and Their Approach to the Game

Nutritional guidance for competitive golfers to improve performance is limited. Recommendations and study conclusions from older research used smaller golf courses compared to today and require a reevaluation of energy expenditure. This review identifies aerobic fitness, in addition to strength, as a key determinant of success. A novel nutritional approach that incorporates carbohydrate supplementation to support aerobic fitness without sacrificing the ability to build strength is presented since longer courses require more stamina. Strategies for training, competition, and recovery are outlined based on different skill levels. American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) guidelines for carbohydrates, protein, and hydration intake are tailored specifically for competitive golf based on this approach. Putting requires precise movement and can be affected by fatigue. Nutritional studies in golf and similar sports that require focused movements are presented, exhibiting an improvement with adequate hydration and carbohydrate status and caffeine use. Competitive golf poses unique challenges to an athlete and commonly used ergogenic supplements that can improve performance in a variety of circumstances during training, competition, and while traveling are reviewed.