近端血流阻断加压技术在硬脊膜动静脉畸形血管内治疗中的应用

目的探讨近端血流阻断加压技术在硬脊膜动静脉畸形(SDAVF)血管内治疗中应用的安全性和有效性。方法回顾性分析2017年2月至2018年9月海军军医大学附属长海医院神经外科采用血管内治疗的6例SDAVF患者的临床资料。所有患者术中均应用近端血流阻断加压技术,其中1例因未能完全栓塞,改为显微外科手术治疗。术后即刻行数字减影血管造影(DSA),以判断栓塞情况。对所有患者行门诊或电话随访,随访内容为行Aminoff-Logue评分,判断脊髓功能的恢复情况;门诊随访的患者同时复查脊髓MRI,以判断栓塞情况。结果6例患者的手术均成功。术后即刻DSA显示,5例完全栓塞,1例瘘口残留。所有患者术后均未出现永久性神经系统并发症;其中1例术中造影显示肋间动脉夹层的患者,采用弹簧圈闭塞近端肋间动脉后复查胸椎CT,显示肋间肌内血肿形成,术后持续胸背部疼痛3 d后缓解。6例患者中,5例为门诊随访,1例为电话随访;中位随访时间(范围)为5.5个月(4.0~22.0个月)。术后3个月,6例患者的Aminoff-Logue评分均较术前降低[(2.0±0.7)分、(4.0±1.5)分,P<0.05];脊髓功能得到明显改善。术中因拔管困难而留置体内的1例患者,术后6个月随访时无相关并发症。经显微手术治疗的1例患者出院后10个月行DSA随访,未见瘘口显影。结论初步推测近端血流阻断加压技术在SDAVF血管内治疗中是安全、有效的。     

颈动脉穿刺溶栓桥接血管内技术治疗急性脑梗死的效果

目的 分析颈动脉穿刺溶栓桥接血管内技术治疗急性前循环供血区梗死的临床疗效。方法 选取2017年1月-2018年12月于本院诊治的急性前循环供血区梗死患者138例,观察组(69例)行颈动脉穿刺溶栓结合血管内技术治疗,对照组(69例)行静脉溶栓结合血管内技术治疗,比较患者的基线资料、诊治、并发症以及死亡情况; 采用改良脑梗死溶栓(Modified thrombolysis incerebral infarction,mTICI)量表评估血管再通情况,美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(National institutes of health stroke scale,NIHSS)评估神经功能恢复情况,改良Rankin量表(Modifled Rankin scale,mRS)评估患者预后; 分析影响患者预后的危险因素。结果 与对照组比较,观察组发病至血管开通时间缩短,取栓次数减少(P<0.05),观察组血管成功再通率和mTICI分级高,术后30 d内NIHSS评分降低,术后90 d预后良好率高(P<0.05); 入院NIHSS评分≥15分、侧支代偿不良、取栓次数>3次、发病至血管再通时间>250 min均是导致患者预后不良的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论 颈动脉穿刺溶栓桥接血管内技术治疗急性脑梗死安全有效,可减少取栓次数,缩短发病至血管开通时间,进而提高血管成功再通率和血管再通程度,促进神经功能恢复,同时患者预后良好,未出现并发症和病死率的明显增加。     

Analysis of Heterozygous BRCA1 5382ins Founder Mutation in a Cohort of Egyptian Breast Cancer Female Patients Using Pyrosequencing Technique

Background: Up to half of the heritable mutations in breast cancer (BC) are attributed to BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. The mutation prevalence is variable based on ethnicity and may be influenced by founder mutations. The aim of this pilot study is to determine for the first time, the prevalence of BRCA1 5382insC founder mutation in a cohort of Egyptian familial breast cancer patients (FBC). Methods: Female patients were selected to have familial type of breast cancer. Twenty healthy females were included as a control group. Peripheral blood samples were withdrawn from all studied females and were analyzed for BRCA1 5382insC founder mutation detection using pyrosequencing technique. Results: Eighty Egyptian FBC females were eligible to be enrolled in the study with a mean age of 48.31 ± 10.97years.We found a BRCA1 5382insC mutation carrier frequency of 5% of total studied FBC patients (4 out of 80 patients) with 95% confidence interval (1.61-12.99). There was a high statistical significant difference between carriers and non-carriers concerning the number of affected family members by BC, (p=0.001).  Conclusion: BRCA1 5382insC founder mutation is not uncommon among Egyptian FBC females. The carrier frequency is comparable to that reported worldwide; however it is lower than those from previous Egyptian studies using different molecular techniques. The strong association between the mutation and the number of affected family members suggest wider screening of the mutation among high risk families using the reliable pyrosequencing technique.     

Imaging-guided brachytherapy for locally advanced cervical cancer: the main process and common techniques

Brachytherapy (BT) delivers integrated boost doses to the central tumor while sparing the surrounding organs at risk (OARs) efficiently. It’s a mandatory treatment component for locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC) because it results in excellent overall survival and local control compared with other dose boosting modalities. Currently, BT is undergoing a transition from 2-dimensional (2D) to 3-dimensional (3D) treatment planning. Imaging-guided BT (IGBT) employing computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can provide exact individual delineation of target and OARs meanwhile prescribe the dose to the target volume instead of “point A” for X-ray-based BT. There are three main techniques for BT: intracavitary (IC), interstitial (IS), and intracavitary/interstitial (IC/IS) combination. The applicator choice depends on the specific tumor extension. The real-time transabdominal ultrasound (US)-guided applicator placement technique is strongly recommended to ensure ideal applicator positioning. MRI is the ideal standard imaging for BT owing to its superior soft tissue visualization than CT. However, CT-based BT is more often performed because of the availability. In developing countries, US-based BT can be adopted. For treatment planning, the applicator reconstruction is easier on CT than on MRI, because the applicator image is more clearly visible. Individual treatment planning should be performed for every single applicator insertion to ensure dose accuracy. In this review article, we explain the main clinical process and common techniques, including the applicator choice and placement, imaging techniques, target delineation, and treatment planning; asthose will help to improve the efficiency of 3D BT.     

改良鼻中隔缝合在鼻中隔矫正术中的临床应用

目的 探讨改良鼻中隔缝合在鼻中隔矫正术中应用的可行性和安全性.方法 对比分析鼻中隔矫正术后应用鼻腔填塞通气管和不填塞而行改良鼻中隔贯穿缝合2种方法的效果.将60例行鼻中隔偏曲矫正术和下鼻甲骨折外移术的患者分为填塞组和缝合组,填塞组30例常规行鼻中隔矫正术和下鼻甲骨折外移术,术后行鼻腔通气管填塞支撑;缝合组30例在鼻中隔...     

手风琴技术促进骨搬移延长骨段骨质矿化的临床观察

目的:探讨骨搬移治疗胫骨骨缺损时采用"手风琴"技术对延长骨段骨质矿化的影响.方法:自2017 年5 月至2019 年10 月,采用Ilizarov 骨搬移技术治疗胫骨骨缺损患者22 例,在骨搬移结束后,采用随机数字表法将22例患者随机分为两组.观察组11例,男9例,女2例;年龄20～60(42.6±13.3)岁;骨缺损...     

雌激素对人肠系膜平滑肌细胞钙激活钾通道的作用

目的 研究雌激素对人肠系膜平滑肌细胞钙激活钾通道电流的影响.方法 用急性酶分离法分离人肠系膜平滑肌细胞,采用单通道膜片钳技术记录该细胞上的钙激活钾通道电流.结果 雌激素浓度依赖性的不可逆性的激活人肠系膜平滑肌细胞钙激活钾通道.在细胞贴附式膜片(cell-attached patch)下,膜电位为 50 mV时,10、70、150、200、300 μL/mL的雌激素,可使通道开放概率从0.0214±0.0112分别增加到0.0385±0.0146(n=8,P＜0.05)、0.0425±0.0251(n=8,P＜0.01)、0.0614±0.0152(n=8,P＜0.01)、0.1263±0.0346(n=8,P＜0.01)、0.2636±0.1046(n=8,P＜0.01).在内面向外式膜片(inside-out patch)下,膜电位为 50 mV时,10、70、150、200、300 μL/mL的雌激素,可使通道开放概率从0.0342±0.01024分别增加到0.0454±0.0231(n=8,P＜0.01)、0.0617±0.0137(n=8,P＜0.01)、0.0980±0.0202(n=8,P＜0.01)、0.1203±0.0153(n=8,P＜0.01)、0.3149±0.0851(n=8,P＜0.01).随着雌激素浓度的增加,通道活动逐步被激活,这种作用冲洗后不可逆.结论 雌激素对人肠系膜平滑肌细胞钙激活钾通道电流有一定激活作用,提示雌激素对人肠系膜阻力血管有一定的舒张作用.     

多花筋骨草的显微鉴定

目的:为准确鉴定药材,保证用药安全有效,并进一步制定多花筋骨草的质量标准及开发利用提供科学依据.方法:石蜡切片技术及数码显微成像技术.结果:明确了多花筋骨草根、根茎及叶的显微特征.结论:这些显微特征可作为多花筋骨草的鉴定及区别同科同属植物的依据.     

前哨淋巴结活检在CN0分化型甲状腺癌的应用体会

目的 研究前哨淋巴结活检（SLNb）在CN0分化型甲状腺癌（DTC）治疗中的临床应用及其对颈淋巴转移的预测价值。方法 运用美蓝染色法对疑为CN0PTC患者行前哨淋巴结活检,对术中冰冻证实为乳头状腺癌（PTC）的42例患者常规行改良颈廓清术（MRND）,观察对照SLN术中冰冻与术后颈清淋巴结病理的淋巴转移情况。结果 42例患者中有40例检出前哨淋巴结,SLN检出率为95％,术中冰冻SLN发现16例淋巴结转移,并得到术后病理证实,有2例SLN假阴性,淋巴结隐匿转移率为45％。Ⅳ区SLN阳性率明显高于Ⅲ、Ⅳ区,与MRND术后总体淋巴结转移情况相符,淋巴结转移与肿块大小有一定关系。结论 美蓝染色法进行前哨淋巴结活检能够预测CNOPTC颈淋巴转移情况,对CNODTC患者常规行选择性淋巴清扫具有重要的治疗意义。【摘要】目的研究前哨淋巴结活检（SLNb）在cNn分化型甲状腺癌（DTC）治疗中的临床应用及其对颈淋巴转移的预测价值。方法运用美蓝染色法对疑为CN。PTC患者行前哨淋巴结活检,对术中冰冻证实为乳头状腺癌（PTC）的42例患者常规行改良颈廓清术（MRND）,观察对照SLN术中冰冻与术后颈清淋巴结病理的淋巴转移情况。结果42例患者中有40例检出前哨淋巴结,SLN检出率为95％,术中冰冻SLN发现16例淋巴结转移,并得到术后病理证实,有2例SLN假阴性,淋巴结隐匿转移率为45％。IV区SLN阳性率明显高于Ⅲ、Ⅳ区,与MRND术后总体淋巴结转移情况相符,淋巴结转移与肿块大小有一定关系。结论美蓝染色法进行前哨淋巴结活检能够预测CNOPTC颈淋巴转移情况,对CNODTC患者常规行选择性淋巴清扫具有重要的治疗意义。