Associations between Auditory Capacity,Speech and Language,Level of Communication and Parental Assessment of Children with Cochlear Implant

168 children with cochlear implants were assessed as regards to auditory capacity, level of speech and language and communicative skills. The assessments were made by speech and language pathologists and parents. The purpose of the study was to analyse the associations between the four areas and furthermore to analyse associations between professional and parental assessments. The children were assessed with the Tait Video Analysis, the receptive part of the Reynell Test, a phonological test and a vocabulary test. The four objective tests were analysed for potential associations between results. In addition, potential associations between the results of the four tests and parental assessment of their child's auditory capacity (CAP) and speech intelligibility (SIR) were investigated. The Gamma Test and the Fisher's Exact Test were used on the ordinal and categorized data sets, respectively. The results of all the four auditory and structural speech and language tests were positively associated with each other (Gamma coefficients >0.8 and p values <0.001), which strengthens the validity of the individual tests and substantiates the observed results. Parental assessments were positively associated with the results of the four objective tests, which shows that parents are valid reporters of the level of their child's auditory, as well as speech and language development.     

CAP加PYM方案治疗晚期舌癌近期疗效观察

目的:评估CAP加PYM方案治疗晚期舌癌的近期疗效.方法:观察1996年7月～2003年7月收治的8例晚期舌癌患者,化疗采用CAP加PYM共32个周期.结果:完全缓解率(CR)75%,部份缓解率(PR)25%,总有效率(CR PR)100%.毒副反应主要为Ⅱ～Ⅲ度骨髓抑制,脱发,发热.结论:CAP加PYM方案化疗晚期舌癌近期疗效比较满意,毒副反应轻能延长病人的生存期,提高生活质量.     

The diagnostic value of skin prick testing in children with food allergy

The diagnostic accuracy of the skin prick test (SPT) in food allergy is controversial. We have developed diagnostic cut-off levels for SPT in children with allergy to cow milk, egg and peanut. Based on 555 open food challenges in 467 children (median age 3.0 yr) we defined food-specific SPT weal diameters that were '100% diagnostic' for allergy to cow milk (>or=8 mm), egg (>or=7 mm) and peanut (>or=8 mm). In children < 2 yr of age, the corresponding weal diameters were >or=6 mm, >or=5 mm and >or=4 mm, respectively. These SPT cut-off levels were prospectively validated in 90 consecutive children 相似文献   

Community acquired pneumonia in north eastern Australia - a hospital based study of Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal patients

Abstract Background: Although the most important organism causing community acquired pneumonia continues to be Streptococcus pneumoniae , the frequency of other pathogens varies considerably across the world.¹-⁴
Aims: To look for the causes of community acquired pneumonia (CAP) in north east Australia. To examine the differences between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal subjects with emphasis on prevalence, risk factors, causative organisms and prognosis.
Methods: The records of 200 consecutive patients admitted to Cairns Hospital during 1992 with a diagnosis of pneumonia were studied.
Results: Aboriginal patients made up half the numbers admitted, but only 13% of the population. More Aboriginal adults died than non-Aboriginal adults, but no child died. Heavy alcohol use, chronic lung disease and diabetes mellitus were the commonest risk factors for Aborigines (alcohol, chronic lung disease and cancer for non-Aboriginal subjects).
S. pneumoniae , followed by Haemophilus influenzae were the most common pathogens found. Both were sensitive to amoxycillin. The yield of definite pathogens was low. Staphylococcal and melioidosis pneumonia were confined to Aboriginal patients. Chlamydia, legionella and Mycoplasma pneumoniae were not identified.     

Contrasting effects of insulin and cellular differentiation on expression of the novel insulin receptor substrate APS in skeletal muscle

The novel insulin receptor substrate protein APS is highly expressed in insulin-sensitive tissues and plays an important role in insulin-mediated glucose uptake and GLUT4 translocation via the Cbl/CAP pathway. Tyrosine phosphorylation of APS leads to recruitment of c-Cbl and Crk, while overexpression of APS mutant inhibits GLUT4 translocation in response to insulin, but the regulation of APS expression in skeletal muscle has not been previously reported. L6 myoblasts were differentiated in 2% FBS and serum starved for 24 h prior to stimulation for 24 h with either insulin 1 μM (n = 6), rosiglitazone 10 μM (n = 6), resistin 500 nM (n = 6) or the MAP kinase inhibitor PD098059 50 μM (n = 6) for 30 min, followed by insulin 1 μM for 24 h. Semi-quantitative real-time RT-PCR was used to determine the expression of APS mRNA relative to the control gene TF2D. APS expression was markedly upregulated by myoblast differentiation (0.55 ± 0.08 versus 1.14 ± 0.08, p = 0.001), and this effect was augmented by addition of rosiglitazone 10 μM for 24 h to the differentiated myotubes (1.50 ± 0.09, p = 0.025). Insulin caused a 3.1-fold decrease in APS mRNA expression (0.37 ± 0.01 versus 1.14 ± 0.08, p = 0.001), an effect that was attenuated by the MAP kinase inhibitor PD098059 (0.80 ± 0.03, p = 0.001). Exposure to resistin produced a modest decrease (1.4-fold) in myotube expression of APS (0.8 ± 0.09, p = 0.025). In conclusion, this is the first study to show that exposure to insulin markedly reduces the expression of APS in skeletal muscle via a MAP kinase dependent pathway, whereas myocyte differentiation and rosiglitazone increase APS expression. Changes in APS expression may be important in the aetiology and therapeutic reversal of insulin resistance in skeletal muscle.     

左氧氟沙星治疗老年社区获得性肺炎临床观察

目的了解左氧氟沙星治疗老年社区获得性肺炎（CAP）的临床有效性和毒副作用。方法调查我院2006年5月～2008年5月治疗的老年CAP患者36例,全部病例应用左氧氟沙星,每日一次500mg静点,疗程5～14天。结果22例痰培养检出多药耐药的肺炎链球菌,8例检出铜绿假单胞菌,6例检出流感嗜血杆菌,临床有效率75．0％;细菌清除率82．1％;表现有腹泻、皮疹、肾损害各为2例,占16．7％。结论左氧氟沙星治疗老年CAP疗效好,毒副作用相对较低。     

社区获得性肺炎感染细菌的耐药现状及临床对策

目的调查当前CAP感染细菌的耐药现状,指导临床合理用药。方法归纳和总结国内外最新有关CAP流行病学调查数据和主要致病细菌耐药的现状。结果CAP致病原的组成因国家、地区和时间的不同而存在显著差异,细菌耐药的发生率也在逐年增高。结论只有根据目前CAP流行病学调查的结果和当地细菌耐药的现状,结合药敏试验合理选用抗生素,才能有效降低细菌耐药性的发生,减少CAP患者平均住院天数和降低总死亡率。     

Formulations for Intermittent Release of Parathyroid Hormone (1-34) and Local Enhancement of Osteoblast Activities

The objective of these studies was to develop simple, implantable devices that intermittently release PTH(1-34) and thus could be used for locally stimulating bone formation. The formulations were based on the association polymer system of cellulose acetate phthalate and Pluronic F-127. Release profiles for intermittent devices showed five discrete peaks, whereas sustained devices exhibited zero-order kinetics. Osteoblastic activity was greater for cells intermittently treated with PTH(1-34) compared to sustained exposure. These controlled release devices delivering PTH(1-34) in an intermittent manner may be useful for affecting osteoblast activities in a localized area.