鸡抗内毒素卵黄抗体IgY的制备

目的：研究分别应用内毒素（LPS）、类脂A(LipidA)和大肠杆菌突变株15免疫鸡后其蛋黄中抗内毒素抗体IgY的产量、纯度、效价并筛选最佳免疫抗原。方法：分别应用内毒素（LPS）、类脂A(LipidA)和大肠杆菌J5突变株作为抗原免疫25周龄Leghom鸡，水溶法（WD）提取蛋黄中抗体IgY，双紫外光测定抗体含量，SDS-PSGE电泳检测抗体纯度，细胞酶联染色和ELISA检测抗体特异性、效价及筛选最佳免疫抗原。结果：3种抗内毒素IgY含量和效价分别为14.4mg/ml和1：12 800（J5）、10.61mg/ml和1：12 800（LPS）、9.26mg/ml和1：3200（LipidA），抗体纯度均为95％左右。结论：大肠杆菌突变株J5和内毒素（LPS）为最佳免疫抗原，免疫鸡后其蛋黄中抗内毒素抗体IgY的产量和效价最高。     

Biochemical consequences of 5-fluorouracil gastrointestinal toxicity in rats; effect of high-dose uridine

Selective protection of the normal host tissues from the toxic effects of anticancer agents would allow the use of higher, probably more effective, doses of the drugs. It has been demonstrated that delayed high-dose uridine administration after 5-fluorouracil decreases the extent of myelosuppression and causes faster regeneration of the bone marrow. We studied the biochemical consequences of the gastrointestinal toxicity caused by 5-fluorouracil and the potential of high-dose uridine treatment to influence these adverse effects. 5-Fluorouracil caused dose-related decreases in the biochemical parameters (thymidine kinase, sucrase, maltase, alkaline phosphatase) selected as early markers of the impaired metabolic activity of the intestinal mucosa. The nadir of the biochemical changes was reached between 24 h and 72 h after 5-fluorouracil treatment, and complete regeneration of the mucosa took 6–7 days. Delayed high-dose uridine administration failed to mitigate the severity of the gastrointestinal damage that ensued after 5-fluorouracil treatment, but caused significantly earlier regeneration of the mucosa.     

Ritanserin in the treatment of alcohol dependence – a multi-center clinical trial

Four hundred and twenty-three alcohol dependent subjects were enrolled into a 12-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to determine the safety and efficacy of the 5-HT₂ receptor antagonist, ritanserin (2.5 mg/day or 5 mg/day), in reducing alcohol intake and craving. All subjects received 1 week of single-blind placebo prior to randomization into the 11-week double-blind phase. Additionally, all subjects received weekly individual sessions of manual-guided cognitive-behavioral therapy. Comparing the single-blind period with endpoint, there was approximately a 23% reduction in drinks/day; 34% fall in the total number of drinking days/week; 22% decrease in drinks/drinking day; and a 37% diminution in alcohol craving for all treatment groups. All treatment groups experienced a beneficial clinical outcome as assessed by the Clinical Global Impression Scale. There was, however, no significant difference between treatment groups on any of these measures of alcohol drinking, craving, or clinical outcome. Subjects were of relatively high social functioning at baseline, and this did not change significantly during treatment. Treatment groups did not differ significantly on either medication compliance or reported adverse events. Ritanserin treatment was associated with a dose-related prolongation of subjects’ QTc interval recording on the electrocardiogram. These results suggest that alcohol dependent subjects can show marked clinical improvement within a structured alcohol treatment program. These findings do not support an important role for ritanserin in the treatment of alcohol dependence. Received: 30 April 1996/Final version: 3 July 1996     

Serotonin-induced increase in cAMP in ganglia isolated from the myenteric plexus of the guinea pig small intestine: Mediation by a novel 5-HT receptor

Serotonin (5-HT) is a mediator (through 5-HT_1P receptors) of slow EPSPs in myenteric ganglia of the small intestine. The effect of 5-HT can be mimicked by elevating cAMP; therefore, we tested the hypothesis that the slow EPSP-like response to 5-HT is cAMP-mediated. Guinea pig gut was enzymatically dissociated; myenteric ganglia remained intact and were collected by filtration. Neurons in the isolated ganglia retained their ability to manifest the slow EPSP-like response to 5-HT. Exposure to 5-HT raised the ganglionic level of cAMP (ED₅₀ 0.3 μM). This effect was not antagonized by the 5-HT_1P antagonist, N-acetyl-5-hydroxytryptophyl-5-hydroxytryptophan amide (100.0 μM), or mimicked by the 5-HT_1P agonist, 5-hydroxyindalpine (10.0 μM). Increases in cAMP were also evoked by the 5-HT₁ agonist, 5-carboxyamidotryptamine (10.0 μM), the 5-HT₂ agonist, (±)-1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl)-2-aminopropane (DOI; 1.0–10.0 μM), and by the 5-HT₄ agonists, renzapride (1.0–10.0 μM) and 5-methoxytryptamine (1.0–10.0 μM); however, neither the 5-HT₁/5-HT₂ antagonists, spiperone, methysergide, and methiothepin, nor the 5-HT₄ antagonist, tropisetron (ICS 205–930; 10.0 μM), were able to inhibit the rise in cAMP evoked by these compounds or by 5-HT (0.1–10.0 μM). The 5-HT-evoked elevation of cAMP was antagonized by ketanserin (10.0 μM), which also blocked the effects of 5-methoxytryptamine and DOI, but not those of renzapride. The effective concentration of DOI, however, was higher than that needed for activation of 5-HT₂ receptors, and Northern analysis using a cDNA probe encoding the rat 5-HT₂ receptor failed to reveal the presence of 5-HT₂ mRNA in myenteric ganglia, although it hybridizes with mRNA of the right size in the guinea pig brain. Compounds that failed to change levels of cAMP or to antagonize the action of 5-HT included 8-hydroxy-di-n-propylamino tetralin, R58639, R88226, and sumatriptan. It is concluded that the receptor responsible for the 5-HT-induced rise in cAMP in ganglia isolated from the guinea pig myenteric plexus is not a known subtype of 5-HT receptor. Since the pharmacology of this novel receptor is different from that of the slow EPSP-like response to 5-HT, the receptor probably does not mediate the slow EPSP. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

D1 Dopamine receptor-mediated substance P depletion in the striatonigral neurons of rats subjected to neonatal dopaminergic denervation: implications for self-injurious behavior

The present study examined the influences of dopamine (DA) receptor stimulation on enkephalin (Met5-enkephalin; ME) and tachykinin (substance P; SP) systems of basal ganglia of Sprague-Dawley rats, lesioned as neonates with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). It has been proposed that the neonatal 6-OHDA-lesioned rat could serve as a model for the DA deficiency and self-injurious behavior (SIB) observed in the childhood neurological disorder. Lesch-Nyhan syndrome. In agreement with earlier work, the present study found that the neonatal 6-OHDA treatment at 3 days of age, reduced DA and caused an increase in ME and a decrease in SP content in the striatum and substantia nigra, when tested as adults. Administration of the DA precursor, L-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA), to lesioned animals, induced SIB; increased DA and DOPAC levels; produced a greater decrease (-64%) in SP levels in the striatum and substantia nigra than was observed with lesion alone (-28%). The L-DOPA-induced decrease in SP levels and the SIB observed in the lesioned animals were blocked by pretreatment with the D1 receptor antagonist, SCH-23390. Moreover, administration of the D1 receptor agonist, SKF-38393, but not the D2 agonist, LY-171555, to lesioned animals mimicked the L-DOPA responses in all respects, except that the agonists did not alter DA or DOPAC levels. None of the DA agonists or antagonists treatments affected lesion-induced increase in ME levels in the striatum. These results indicate for the first time, that SIB precipitated by DA agonists in neonatal dopaminergic denervated animals, is associated with a marked and selective decrease in SP in the striatonigral SP neurons. This process has two components: (a) a retarded development of the SP system due to neonatal dopaminergic denervation: and (b) a depletion of the remaining SP, presumably by enhanced release due to D1 DA receptor-mediated activation of striatonigral SP neurons.     

De-novo expression of vascular ecto-5′-nucleotidase and down-regulation of glomerular ecto-ATPase in experimental chronic renal transplant failure

Ischemic injury plays an important role in chronic renal transplant failure (CRTF). Down-regulation of ecto-adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) in combination with up-regulation of ecto-5'-nucleotidase is a hallmark of ischemic injury. We studied the expression of renal ecto-5'-nucleotidase and ecto-ATPase in experimental renal transplantation. Fisher 344-to-Lewis allografted rats were either treated with an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi) or left untreated. Lewis-to-Lewis syngrafted rats served as controls. Untreated allografted rats developed proteinuria, glomerulosclerosis, and mild intimal hyperplasia. ACEi completely prevented focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (FGS) and proteinuria, but significantly enhanced intimal hyperplasia. Untreated allografted rats revealed marked vascular ecto-5'-nucleotidase activity, which increased with ACEi. Vascular ecto-5'-nucleotidase activity was absent in syngrafted animals. Ecto-5'-nucleotidase activity correlated well with intimal hyperplasia. Glomerular ecto-ATPase expression was significantly reduced in untreated allografted rats compared to syngrafted rats and correlated well with the extent of FGS. ACEi prevented reduction in glomerular ecto-ATPase. We found de-novo expression of ecto-5'-nucleotidase at sites of renal intimal hyperplasia. Glomerular ecto-ATPase expression was markedly reduced in allografted rats and was prevented by ACEi. These enzyme expression patterns suggest local ischemic damage in experimental CRTF.     

Determination of serotonin and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in guinea pig and human prostate using HPLC

The finding of significant numbers of endocrine-paracrine (EP) cells in the prostate glands of guinea pigs and man suggests that these cells may be important in the regulation or modulation of prostatic function. Serotonin is a biogenic amine common to most prostatic EP cells. In order to extend current knowledge relating to these cells, an assay was developed using high-performance liquid chromatography to quantitate serotonin and its metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) in guinea pig and human prostatic tissue extracts. Levels of serotonin and 5-HIAA in the guinea pig whole-gland preparation were 105.4 +/- 70.6 ng/g and 48.4 +/- 95.7 ng/g, respectively. Normal human prostatic tissue contained 1423.9 +/- 750.8 ng/g serotonin and 66.7 +/- 92.8 ng/g 5-HIAA. Recoveries ranged between 60 and 100%. The detection limits were 24 pg/injection for serotonin and 12 pg/injection for 5-HIAA. This assay provides an expeditious, specific and highly sensitive method for the simultaneous determination of monoamines in guinea pig and human prostatic tissue.     

Pathogenesis of congenital pyrimidine 5′ -nucleotidase | deficiency: A study on relationship among erythrocyte morphology, enzyme protein content and activity

Objective: To further explore the mechanism of congenital pyrimidine 5'-nucleotidase I deficiency. Methods; The samples were collected from the family members of a patient with P5'N- I deficiency. The enzyme activities were measured by UMP method and the enzyme proteins were quantified by ELISA while the morphology of peripheral blood cells was observed. Results: The enzyme contents reduced as their enzyme activities decreased in the family especially in four members. There was a significant positive correlation(r =0. 955) between the activity and the content of P 5'N- I . The count of the stippling cell was varied in the family. Conclusion.- One of the reasons for congenital P5' N- I deficiency might be the deficiency in the enzyme content. The morphology of peripheral blood erythrocyte may be an assistant diagnotic index. The P5'N- I activities and contents were measured simultaneously may be a effective method in clinic diagnosis.     

Th2细胞因子调节哮喘炎症细胞转运机制的研究

目的 探讨Th2细胞因子IL-5、IL-13调节哮喘炎症过程中肺和骨髓之间的细胞转运机制。方法 建立哮喘动物模型,获取肺泡灌洗液,检测IL-5、IFN-γ,浓度并进行病理分析;应用原位杂交技术检测肺组织IL-5、IL-13 mRNA表达和骨髓IL-5mRNA表达;免疫组化法观察肺、骨髓IL-5免疫反应细胞;流式细胞仪检测骨髓CD34、CD3阳性细胞。结果 哮喘组肺泡灌洗液IL-5浓度明显高于对照组(P<0.001);哮喘组肺组织病理改变显示小气道痉挛,管壁周围炎性细胞浸润,以嗜酸粒细胞、淋巴细胞为主;哮喘组肺组织IL-5、IL-13 mRNA表达较对照组显著增加(P<0.01);哮喘组骨髓IL-5 mRNA阳性细胞明显增加(P<0.001),与肺组织IL-5 mRNA表达的增高密切相关(P<0.05);此外,哮喘组肺组织和骨髓IL-5免疫反应细胞显著增加(P<0.01),骨髓CD34、CD3细胞均显著增高(P<0.01),并且CD34增高与骨髓细胞表达IL-5 mRNA密切相关(P<0.05)。结论IL-5可能在转录和转录后水平均参与调节骨髓嗜酸粒细胞的功能和炎症细胞在肺和骨髓之间的转运。