糖尿病病人的健康教育

糖尿病是一种常见的内分泌疾病，由于胰岛分泌绝对或相对不足，从而引起糖、蛋白质、脂肪代谢的紊乱，其临床特征为血糖增高、尿糖出现，患者表现为多尿、多饮、多食、消瘦无力的症状，多见于老年人和成年人。让糖尿病患者掌握有关的疾病知识，坚持健康的生活方式，坚持正确治疗非常重要。     

耐药性癫(癎)患者颞叶中细胞周期依赖性蛋白激酶5的表达

目的 研究细胞周期依赖性蛋白激酶5(cyclin dependent kinases 5,CDK5)在耐药性癫(癎)患者颞叶中的表达,探索其在耐药性癫(癎)发病机制中的作用.方法 收集耐药性癫(癎)患者术后脑组织,用荧光定量PCR、免疫组化和Western blot 3种检测方法从基因和蛋白水平分别测定CDK5在耐药性癫(癎)患者颞叶中的表达,并与对照组进行比较.结果 荧光定量PCR发现CDK5 mRAN比对照组明显增加,免疫组化检测显示这种基因的蛋白表达产物主要分布在神经元轴突和胶质细胞中,Western blot检测在相对分子质量35 000处有一蛋白条带,并且可见实验组(颞叶和海马中分别为1.4293±0.1839和2.0733±0.4738)高于对照组(颞叶和海马中分别为0.9680±0.4147和1.403±0.6163,P＜0.05).结论 CDK5在耐药性癫(癎)患者颞叶中表达增强,提示他们可能参与了耐药性癫(癎)的形成.     

六色食物对症吃

红色食品主要为人体提供丰富的优质蛋白质和许多无机盐、微量元素以及维生素A。假如你身体素质较差，易受感冒病毒的欺侮，红色食物会助你一臂之力。胡萝卜所含的胡萝卜素可在体内转化为维生素A，发挥护卫人体上皮组织如呼吸道黏膜的作用，常食之同样可以增强人体抗御感冒的能力。     

TRAIL胸外段基因克隆及其表达与纯化

目的；克隆TNF相关的诱导凋亡配体胞膜外段基因（the extracellular region of the human TRAIL cDNA,TPAILex），构建表达载体并在大肠杆菌DH5α中高效表达有生物学活性的TRAIL蛋白胞膜外段。方法：抗CD3McAb刺激正常人外周血淋巴细胞，用RT－PCR、巢式－PCR方法从活化的淋巴细胞中获得人TRAIL基因及其胞膜外段cDNA，并克隆到pGEM-T Easy载体中，DNA测序鉴定，将TRAIL的胞膜外段基因插入表达载体pGEX-2T，构建重组表达质粒pGEX/TRAILex，用IPTG诱导表达TRAIL蛋白的胞膜外段，GST－Agarose 4B层析柱纯化GST－TRAILex融合蛋白，Western-blot鉴定纯化产物。结果：抗CD3 McAb能诱导正常人外周血核细胞TRAIL的高表达，成功地克隆了TRAIL胞膜外段基因，构建了重组表达载体pGEX/TRAILex，IPTG诱导后得到高效表达的TRAIL蛋白胞膜外段，经12％SDS－PAGE分析，可观察到一分子量和理论值相符（约54kD）的诱导表达。Kodak软件分析表达GST－TRAIL胞膜外段融合蛋白的表达量占菌体蛋白总量的28％，进一步分析证实TRAIL蛋白的胞膜外段主要以可溶性的形式表达，用GST－Agarose 4B层析柱纯化超声破菌后的上清，每升细菌培养液可得到9.8mg纯度的95％以上的GST－Tex。Western-blot结果证实54kD的表达带可与鼠抗TRAIL McAb起特异性反应。结论：成功地克隆了人TRAIL基因，并应用基因工程技术在大肠杆菌中高效表达人TRAIL蛋白的胞膜外段，为进一步研究TRAIL的功能及其在肿瘤生物治疗中的应用奠定了基础。     

低碳水化合食物可降低心血管疾病的危险

新的研究表明,用含蛋白质与不饱和脂肪的食物部分替代碳水化合物,可降低血压,降低血脂水平。对减少心血管疾病危险有益。减少饱和脂肪的摄入对预防心血管疾病的意义已得到证实。对一组进食低饱和脂肪食物的人群,如果它们的饮食结构不相同,亦将会得出不同的结果,这项研究是将它们的饮食结构分成三组。第一组:吃高碳水化合物食物;第二组:吃高蛋白食物(其中一半为植物蛋白);第三组:吃高不饱和脂肪食物(其中一半为单不饱和胞肪)。三组均控制总热量以维持体重,持续观察3年。     

低蛋白饮食对环孢素A肾病大鼠肾间质纤维化的作用

Objective To investigate whether low-protein diet has protective effect on the progression of renal interstitial fibrosis in rats with cyclosporine A (CsA)-induced nephropathy. Methods Eighteen male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups (6 rats in each group). The rats in control group (C group) received common diet; in model group (M group) low-salt diet; in intervention group (Ⅰ group) low-salt and low-protein diet. After diet adaptation period of one week, the rats in C group received subcutaneous injection of olive oil 1 mg/kg daily for 5 weeks, while M group and Ⅰ group subcutaneous injection of CsA (diluted into 25 g/L with olive oil) 1 ml/kg for 5 weeks. All the rats were sacrificed at the end of the 5th week. The food-intake and body weight were measured daily. The creatinine clearance (Ccr) was examined before rats were sacrificed. The semi-quantitative pathological analysis on kidney sections was performed. The mRNA and protein expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-βI) and type Ⅰ collagen (Col Ⅰ) in kidney tissue was determined with real time PCR and immunohistochemical staining, respectively. Results The food-intake and body weight of rats in M and I groups were significantly lower than those in C group (P<0.05). Compared with C group, the Ccr levels in M and Ⅰ groups were significantly reduced [(0.65±0.15) ml/min, (0.40+0.13) ml/min vs (1.55±0.29) ml/min, P<0.05], the relative fibrosis areas of kidney interstitium in M and I groups were significantly increased (3.60%±0.46%, 3.26%±0.75% vs 0.44%±0.24%, P<0.05), the mRNA and protein expression of TGF-β1 in M and I group was significantly up-regulated (by 2.6 and 3.1 times in mRNA and by 1.5 and 1.6 times in protein, respectively, P<0.05), and the mRNA and protein expression of Col Ⅰ in M and I groups was also significantly up-regulated (by 3.0 and 3.5 times in mRNA and by 2.3 and 2.1 times in protein, respectively, P<0.05). There were no significant differences between M and I groups in every parameters above-mentioned except the rat body weight and Ccr. Both the body weight and Ccr in Ⅰ group were significantly lower than those in M group (P<0.05). Compared with C group, the urine osmotic pressure in M group and in I group were deceased (for M group, P>0.05; for I group, P<0.05). Compared with C group, the serum cholesterol levels in M and I groups were significantly increased (P<0.05), and the serum phosphorus level in I group was significantly decreased (P<0.05). The levels of serum albumin and serum calcium of all three groups had no statistical differences (P>0.05). Conclusion Low-protein diet has no renoprutective effects on the rat model of cyclosporin A nephropathy, on the contrary, may induce body weight loss.     

罗格列酮对糖尿病大鼠肾脏保护作用机制的探讨

目的 探讨罗格列酮对糖尿病大鼠肾脏的保护作用机制。方法 将大鼠分为正常组、糖尿病组、小剂量罗格列酮组、大剂量罗格列酮组。药物干预4周后，检测各组大鼠的血糖（BS）、三酰甘油（TG）、胆固醇（TC）、肌酐（Scr）水平及尿白蛋白定量（24h）。随后处死大鼠，测定肾组织中丙二醛（MDA）含量、总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）及铜锌超氧化物歧化酶（Cu-ZnSOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化酶（GSH-Px）、核转录因子-κB（NF-κB）的活性。同时留取。肾脏组织作PAS染色行病理检查。RT-PCR和免疫组化法检测。肾组织中单核细胞化学吸引蛋白质1（MCP-1）mRNA及蛋白质的表达。结果 与糖尿病组相比，大剂量罗格列酮干预组BS、TC、TG差异无统计学意义；而。肾组织MDA含量、MCP-1mRNA及蛋白质表达、NF-κB活性差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05），SOD、GSH-Px、T-AOC活性显著上升；肾小球面积及体积减小。结论大剂量的罗格列酮可显著改善糖尿病大鼠的。肾脏损害，其机制可能与其抗氧化，抑制NF-κB活性，降低MCP-1的含量有关。     

从中药穿山甲受热后活性成分变化看其内服方法

穿山甲功效为活血、下乳、消肿、排脓。目前复方中，穿山甲与其它药物同煎内服。现代中药研究表明：穿山甲所含化学成分主要为蛋白质、氨基酸，其中蛋白质含量为92．6％。受热后，蛋白质易变性。氨基酸易分解，导致二者的生物活性改变，疗效亦显著降低。穿山甲在剥离和炮制时已做了热处理。因此复方中的穿山甲不应再与其它药物同时煎煮。而应粉成细末后冲服。     

血脂康对急性冠状动脉综合征患者血清高敏C-反应蛋白、血脂蛋白的影响

目的观察急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)患者血清高敏C-反应蛋白(Hs-CRP)、血脂水平变化及血脂康的干预情况。方法69例ACS患者随机分为血脂康组(40例)和常规治疗组(29例),治疗前后分别测定Hs-CRP、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C);另30名健康人为对照组。结果与对照组比较,ACS患者Hs-CRP水平明显升高,且与心肌损害程度密切相关。血脂康治疗2周,能明显下调ACS患者的Hs-CRP水平。结论血清Hs-CRP水平与ACS的发生、严重程度密切相关,血脂康的抗炎作用在ACS的早期治疗中有重要意义。