人工股骨头置换术治疗高龄股骨颈骨折

随着人口结构日益老龄化，老年股骨颈骨折发病率有增高趋势，为减少因该骨折后长期卧床、防止并发症，满足患者和家属早日离床的要求，提高生活质量。我科至2001．1-2005．12月对16例高龄股骨骨折患者行人工股骨头置换术取得良好效果。报告如下：     

腰椎人工髓核置换术的研究进展

腰椎退行性疾病是脊柱外科常见病，有关的统计数据表明，该病严重影响劳动力，医疗花费巨大。治疗该病的传统方法是腰椎融合术，但术后由于相应节段运动功能丢失以及融合时造成的局部结构损伤，可导致相邻上下节段的椎间盘退变加速，进而产生椎间盘源性腰痛甚至腰椎滑脱、椎管狭窄等改变。     

Pediatric intracranial aneurysms——clinical characteristics and therapeutic strategies

Objective To assess the radiological characteristics and therapeutic strategies of intracranial aneurysms in children. Methods From our dedicated neurovascular databank of patients, we reviewed 23 consecutive children who had 24 intracranial aneurysms. There were 14 boys and 9 girls with a mean age of 9.09 years ( range 1 - 14 years ). Results Intracranial aneurysms in children ≤ 14 years constituted 1.3% of all intracranial aneurysms. Internal Carotid artery (ICA) and middle cerebral artery (MCA) were the most frequent sites for aneurysms. About 58.3% of the aneurysms were complex, including dissecting, pseudoaneurysm, giant and fusiform aneurysm. 1/3 of all aneurysms were located in posterior circulation. Only 1 case had multiple aneurysms in this case series. Almost half of all cases presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage and others presented with mass effect. 14 cases underwent endovascular treatment. 4 patients received microsurgical therapy. 5 cases did not receive microsurgical or endovascular therapy, 2 of them whose aneurysms spontaneously thrombosed during follow up. One boy with left vertebral artery giant aneurysm died after endovascular therapy owing to gradual thrombosis in basilar artery. Another child had poor outcome because of rerupture of aneurysm before operation. Whereas the majority had a favorable outcome. Conclusions Intracranial aneurysms in children had many clinical and radiological characteristics different from those in adults : ( 1 ) remarkable male predominance; ( 2 ) ICA and MCA were the most common sites for aneurysms; (3) high incidence of large, traumatic, infectious, dissecting and fusiform aneurysms. (4)For pediatric intracranial aneurysms, both microsurgical approaches and endovascular treatment were effective. Endovaacular therapy was the best choice for complex aneurysms.     

腹腔镜辅助下的腹主动脉瘤手术与传统手术的对比

腹主动脉瘤传统手术采用开腹人工血管置换，手术创伤大，术后患者恢复慢。随着腹腔镜在腹部外科应用的进展，传统腹主动脉瘤手术已经可以被腹腔镜辅助下完成人工血管置换所替代。此外，腹主动脉瘤腔内隔绝术部分并发症也能用腹腔镜辅助方式得到解决，现就该技术的操作、效果以及与传统手术的比较作一综述。     

动力髋螺钉治疗股骨粗隆间骨折30例疗效分析

目的探讨动力髋螺钉(DHS)治疗股骨粗隆间骨折的手术方法及疗效。方法对30例股骨粗隆间骨折采用DHS内固定治疗。结果经8￣20个月(平均14个月)随访疗效好。结论术中粗隆部稳定的解剖复位,牢固固定及术后早期功能锻炼是取得良好疗效的关键。     

镍钛形状记忆合金环抱接骨板治疗桡骨近端1/3骨折

目的探讨治疗桡骨近端1/3骨折的理想内固定方法.方法 2001年8月～2004年4月,采用镍钛形状记忆合金环抱接骨板治疗24例桡骨近端1/3骨折.其中男19例,女5例.年龄16～48岁.摔伤9例,压砸伤5例,交通事故伤4例,直接暴力撞击伤3例,高处坠落伤3例.按照形状记忆合金环抱接骨板的安装方法进行骨折复位内固定.术后定期随访,观察骨折愈合及功能恢复情况.结果所有患者均获随访4～21个月,平均10个月.均无术中、术后并发症,切口Ⅰ期愈合;X 线片示骨折均于术后8～12周临床愈合,根据Anderson疗效标准,功能恢复优18例,良5例,可1例,优良率95.83%.结论应用镍钛形状记忆合金环抱接骨板治疗桡骨近端1/3骨折具有创伤小、操作简便安全、固定可靠、组织相容性好、并发症少等优点,有利于促进骨折愈合和肘、腕关节功能康复,是一种治疗桡骨近端1/3骨折的较好方法.     

低颅压综合征1例报告

低颅压综合征并非少见,常被误诊,尤其是当腰穿见到血性脑脊液时,常被诊断为蛛网膜下腔出血,而进行很多不必要的检查,给病人及家属造成过重负担。现将笔者遇到的1例低颅压综合征病例报告如下。1临床资料患者女,40岁。既往健康,无头部外伤史和腰穿史。入院3天前跑步后发生额部疼痛,为持续性疼痛,恶心、呕吐2次,无发热和周身不适;卧床时头痛明显减轻,坐起或站立后头痛很快加重。在厂医院对症治疗不见好转来诊。来诊时查体:意识清楚,血压正常,未查到任何神经系统阳性体征。头颅CT未见异常。腰穿脑脊液:初压为60 mm H2O,脑脊液黄染,常规检查蛋…     

股静脉留置双腔导管建立临时性血液透析通道的护理体会

笔者通过对26例行股静脉留置双腔导管建立临时性血液透析通道的护理，体会到科学、合理、认真的护理是保证导管成功的关键，在操作中严格无菌技术，准确无误的封管能显著降低并发症的发生率。     

成立中华医学会心电学分会势在必行

本刊上期发表了"申请成立中华医学会心电学分会的倡议书"及几位著名学者的呼吁,引起了较大的社会反响,热心读者纷纷致电、致函本刊编辑部,表述对这一热点问题的关注和建议,并表示此倡议反映了几十万心电学工作者多年来的心声和渴望。本期焦点争鸣栏目将摘录刊登部分专家学者的来信,衷心希望广大读者朋友继续关注本刊,关注我国心电事业的热点问题,踊跃来函、来电表述自己的观点,为我国心电学事业的不断发展献计献策。     

电视胸腔镜手术30例麻醉处理

电视胸腔镜（VATS）创伤小、恢复快，使用日渐增多。我院从2004年12月-2005年6月共进行了30例电视胸腔镜手术，取得了满意的效果，现将麻醉处理报告如下。