急性心肌梗死PTCA及支架植入术后的康复护理

近年来，随着介入心脏病学的迅速发展，经皮冠状动脉腔内血管成形术（Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty，PTCA）及冠状动脉支架植入术已成为治疗冠心病的重要方法之一。国内外在急性心肌梗死PTCA及支架植入术后患者的早期康复医疗方面已有较多研究，并在实践中证明，进行早期康复治疗能延长患者寿命及降低病死率。本院对58例此类患者进行早期康复活动观察，观察介入患者的最佳康复时间和指标，现将结果报道如下。     

小儿腹腔镜手术的护理要点

腹腔镜手术在全世界范围内得到广泛开展；在小儿外科领域，腹腔镜手术更是随着腔镜器械、影录设备的微形化而日益拓展其手术范畴。与传统外科手术相比，腹腔镜手术相对创伤小、失血、失液、失热都少，并且还可减少伤口疼痛、瘢痕形成，患者早些恢复活动而减少肺部并发症等诸多优越性。近几年来，在我国各地开展小儿腹腔镜手术也逐年增多，就这一点本人谈谈对小儿腹腔镜手术前后的护理要点，供护理专业人事参阅。     

Pediatric intracranial aneurysms——clinical characteristics and therapeutic strategies

Objective To assess the radiological characteristics and therapeutic strategies of intracranial aneurysms in children. Methods From our dedicated neurovascular databank of patients, we reviewed 23 consecutive children who had 24 intracranial aneurysms. There were 14 boys and 9 girls with a mean age of 9.09 years ( range 1 - 14 years ). Results Intracranial aneurysms in children ≤ 14 years constituted 1.3% of all intracranial aneurysms. Internal Carotid artery (ICA) and middle cerebral artery (MCA) were the most frequent sites for aneurysms. About 58.3% of the aneurysms were complex, including dissecting, pseudoaneurysm, giant and fusiform aneurysm. 1/3 of all aneurysms were located in posterior circulation. Only 1 case had multiple aneurysms in this case series. Almost half of all cases presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage and others presented with mass effect. 14 cases underwent endovascular treatment. 4 patients received microsurgical therapy. 5 cases did not receive microsurgical or endovascular therapy, 2 of them whose aneurysms spontaneously thrombosed during follow up. One boy with left vertebral artery giant aneurysm died after endovascular therapy owing to gradual thrombosis in basilar artery. Another child had poor outcome because of rerupture of aneurysm before operation. Whereas the majority had a favorable outcome. Conclusions Intracranial aneurysms in children had many clinical and radiological characteristics different from those in adults : ( 1 ) remarkable male predominance; ( 2 ) ICA and MCA were the most common sites for aneurysms; (3) high incidence of large, traumatic, infectious, dissecting and fusiform aneurysms. (4)For pediatric intracranial aneurysms, both microsurgical approaches and endovascular treatment were effective. Endovaacular therapy was the best choice for complex aneurysms.     

腹腔镜辅助下的腹主动脉瘤手术与传统手术的对比

腹主动脉瘤传统手术采用开腹人工血管置换，手术创伤大，术后患者恢复慢。随着腹腔镜在腹部外科应用的进展，传统腹主动脉瘤手术已经可以被腹腔镜辅助下完成人工血管置换所替代。此外，腹主动脉瘤腔内隔绝术部分并发症也能用腹腔镜辅助方式得到解决，现就该技术的操作、效果以及与传统手术的比较作一综述。     

股静脉留置双腔导管建立临时性血液透析通道的护理体会

笔者通过对26例行股静脉留置双腔导管建立临时性血液透析通道的护理，体会到科学、合理、认真的护理是保证导管成功的关键，在操作中严格无菌技术，准确无误的封管能显著降低并发症的发生率。     

成立中华医学会心电学分会势在必行

本刊上期发表了"申请成立中华医学会心电学分会的倡议书"及几位著名学者的呼吁,引起了较大的社会反响,热心读者纷纷致电、致函本刊编辑部,表述对这一热点问题的关注和建议,并表示此倡议反映了几十万心电学工作者多年来的心声和渴望。本期焦点争鸣栏目将摘录刊登部分专家学者的来信,衷心希望广大读者朋友继续关注本刊,关注我国心电事业的热点问题,踊跃来函、来电表述自己的观点,为我国心电学事业的不断发展献计献策。     

电视胸腔镜手术30例麻醉处理

电视胸腔镜（VATS）创伤小、恢复快，使用日渐增多。我院从2004年12月-2005年6月共进行了30例电视胸腔镜手术，取得了满意的效果，现将麻醉处理报告如下。     

28例单腔静脉留置导管心包引流

心包积液可由多种病因引起,严重者导致心包压塞,危及患者生命。心包穿刺可明确病因诊断,迅速解除心包压力,对反复发生心包积液,采用留置单腔静脉导管治疗,可显著缓解患者症状。1资料与方法1·1一般资料:3年来我院收治大量心包积液患者28例,男性19例,女性9例,年龄38~71岁,平均59     

神经病、神经外科和精神病学杂志

严重脑损伤后17年的社会心理调整;由琥珀酸脱氢酶（SDHA）黄素蛋白（Fp）亚单位突变所致Leigh综合征;动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血早期循环中的内皮细胞激活标记物水平：与脑缺血事件和预后的关系;CSF前列腺素E2水平与认知功能下降和阿尔茨海默病存活率的关系；变异型克罗伊茨费尔特-雅各布病患者的CSF磷酸-tau蛋白浓度升高：诊断和病理学意义。     

移植人羊膜细胞对大鼠创伤性脑损伤的实验研究

目的 探究大鼠TBI后脑内移植人羊膜细胞（HACs）对大鼠运动功能的影响。方法 HACs经分离、Hoechst33342标记后重悬调整细胞浓度为10^5/μl；采用改进的Feeney自由落体法打击大鼠脑皮层后肢运动区域，损伤后24h经微量注射器和立体定向仪将Hoechst33342标记的HACs 10μl分别移植于挫伤灶中心和挫伤灶边缘；在TBI后的28d内采用钉板平衡木行走测试大鼠运动功能变化，运动功能检测结束后取出脑组织行组织学检测。结果 治疗组滑落脚步数明显少于对照组（P〈0．05）；移植的HACs呈蓝色荧光；部分移植HACs可见MAP-2阳性表达。结论 移植HACs使大鼠TBI后运动功能明显改善。