蟾酥对小鼠膀胱癌的抗癌作用研究

选用小鼠可移植性膀胱癌BTT739作为动物模型，观察蟾酥对小鼠肿瘤生长以及相关指标的影响。目的：探讨蟾酥对BTT739荷瘤膀胱癌小鼠的抗肿瘤作用。方法：BTT739肿瘤细胞接种T739小鼠，随机分组，①对照组：每日腹腔注射生理盐水0．1ml1次；②蟾酥组：蟾酥按5mg／k小鼠体重腹腔注射给药，日1次；③丝裂霉素C组(MMC组)：每日1次丝裂霉素C腹腔注射1mg／kg；测定蟾酥对荷瘤小鼠的抑瘤率，荷瘤生存时间，腹腔巨噬细胞活性。结果：蟾酥组小鼠的抑瘤率为50．5％，荷瘤生存时间为31．3天，小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬率为36％。结论：在表实验条件下，蟾酥可以直接抑制小鼠膀胱肿瘤生长，延长小鼠荷瘤生存时间，提高小鼠免疫力可能是蟾酥抗小鼠肿瘤生长的重要机制。     

"彗星"分析法检测人癌裸鼠移植瘤的放射敏感性

目的　探讨“彗星”分析法应用于人实体肿瘤放射敏感性检测的可能性。方法　应用“彗星”分析法 ,以尾力距之比 (RTM)作为终指标 ,检测人肺腺癌、人食管鳞癌和人鼻咽鳞癌等 3种人癌裸小鼠移植瘤的放射敏感性。裸小鼠移植瘤组织被消化并稀释成细胞浓度为 4× 10 4ml的单细胞悬液后 ,分成对照组 (0Gy)和不同剂量照射组 ,照射组分别给予 2、5、10和 15Gy的 6MVX射线的冰上照射 ,照射后立即进行“彗星”分析。结果　 3种人癌裸小鼠移植瘤细胞未照射时 (0Gy)的尾力矩 (TM)差异有显著性意义 (F =9.11,P <0 .0 1)。不同剂量 (2、5、10和 15Gy)照射后 ,3种人癌裸小鼠移植瘤细胞未做校正时的TM所反映放射敏感性由高到低的变化趋势依次为 :肺腺癌 >食管鳞癌 >鼻咽鳞癌 ,显然与临床一般印象不符 ;而经与对照组进行“本底”校正后的RTM所反映放射敏感性由高到低的变化趋势依次为 :食管鳞癌 >鼻咽鳞癌 >肺腺癌 ,则符合临床一般印象。结论　①应用“彗星”分析法检测实体肿瘤的放射敏感性 ,尾力矩必须进行“本底”校正 ,即扣除对照组本底误差后的尾力矩才能很好地反映实体肿瘤的放射敏感性差异。②“彗星”分析法可用于检测人体肿瘤组织的放射敏感性。     

芬太尼透皮贴剂治疗中重度癌痛433例临床观察

目的:进一步评价芬太尼透皮贴剂治疗中、重度疼痛的疗效、安全性及对生活质量的影响,为临床合理用药提供参考资料.方法:采用多中心随机开放方法,对433例中、重度疼痛患者使用芬太尼透皮贴剂进行观察,芬太尼的初始剂量是2.5mg或参照吗啡芬太尼折算表计算,贴膜每3日更换1次,在使用期间根据疼痛情况进行剂量调整,直到患者无痛或基本无痛.结果:可评价患者336例,其癌痛缓解率100%,41.6%的患者第1次使用后未再进行剂量调整,57.3%的患者调整过1～3次.芬太尼的中位剂量7.5mg,其中92.9%患者在2.5～10mg之内.不良反应轻,主要为恶心、便秘、头晕、呕吐、嗜睡、排尿困难等.治疗后生活质量有明显改善.结论:芬太尼透皮贴剂治疗中、重度疼痛的疗效显著,使用方便,不良反应轻,能明显改善患者的生活质量,绝大多数患者的调整次数在3次以内,大多数患者的使用剂量在每3天2.5～10mg.     

B(a)P诱导小鼠前胃癌过程中组织病理学变化

目的：探讨B(a)P诱导小鼠前胃癌过程中胃组织形态学的动态改变。方法：小鼠用5mg／ml的B(a)P灌胃，每周两次，共4周。以后每隔4周处死一部分小鼠，对胃组织进行病理组织学观察。结果：从第17周开始小鼠前胃开始出现肉眼可见的肿瘤，前胃组织由局部腺体增生、排列紊乱逐步发展为腺体普遍异常增生，形成早期胃癌，进一步发展出现进展期胃癌。结论：B(a)P诱导的小鼠前胃癌的潜伏期大约3个月左右，前胃组织病理学动态变化过程是萎缩性胃炎、不典型增生、胃癌。     

青蒿琥酯对小鼠Heps肝癌的抑瘤作用

[目的]探讨青蒿琥酯(Artesunate,Art)的抑瘤作用.[方法]小鼠皮下接种Heps肝癌细胞(1.2×10 5),56只NIH雌性小鼠分7组,每组8只,其中1,2,3组为Art腹腔注射(ip)组,其Art剂量分别为15mg/kg(低)、30mg/kg(中)、60mg/kg(高).第4组为Art灌胃(po)30mg/kg;第5组po铁剂6.5mg/kg同时ip Art 30mg/kg.第6组ip环磷酰胺(CY)阳性对照,第7组ip生理盐水(NS)空白对照.[结果]腹腔注射Art低、中、高剂量其抑瘤率分别为16.2%、12.2%和80.4%;高剂量Art对小鼠Heps肝癌有显著的抑瘤率(P<0.01).在该3个剂量下小鼠的脾重随Art剂量的加大而增加,提示Art似有提升机体免疫水平的作用.中剂量的Art口服与腹腔注射效果不同,前者获77.6%的抑瘤率而后者仅为12.2%.Art与铁剂合用有协同抑瘤作用.[结论]在一定的剂量下,Art对小鼠Heps肝癌有抑制作用;给药途径不同,其抑瘤效果也不同;与铁剂合用可增加抑瘤率.     

新城疫病毒D817对裸小鼠人结肠癌移植瘤的抑制作用

Objective To study the anti-tumor effects of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) strain D817 on human colon carcinoma model in nude mice. Methods The nude mouse model of human colon carcinoma was established by subcutaneous inoculation of human colon cancer LOVO cells. The tumor-bearing mice were given PBS, 5-Fu, high-dose NDV D817, moderate-dese NDV D817 or low-dose NDV D817 via caudal vein injection. The tumor size and weight of mice were measured. The liver damages were examined by histopathology. Apoptosis and necrosis of tumor ceils were detected by flow cytometry. The endotumoral content of TNF-α was detected using a mouse TNF-a ELISA kit. The live vires was detected by bemagglutination (HA) test. Results The moderate-dose NDV D817 inhibited the tumor growth more apparently than 5-Fu. The tumor growth inhibition rate reached to 48.1%. The liver damage and the weight change caused by NDV were less severe. NDV D817 made an increased apoptosis index and induced production of TNF-α. Live virus was not detected in important organs except in the tumor of nude mice by HA test. Conclusion In the anti-tumor process in nude mice bearing xenografts of human colon carcinoma, a suitable dose of NDV D817 is more safe and effective.     

灵芝多糖对小鼠肿瘤的抑制作用及免疫指标的观察

目的:观察灵芝多糖的抑瘤作用及对小鼠免疫系统的影响。方法:MTT法测定灵芝多糖的细胞毒作用。小鼠荷瘤建立动物模型,观察灵芝多糖对荷瘤小鼠的存活期、抑瘤率和免疫系统的影响。结果:灵芝多糖对肿瘤细胞无直接杀伤作用(P<0.005),体内可延长荷瘤小鼠的存活期;治疗组小鼠的NK细胞活性、淋巴细胞转化率、血清中TNF蛳α均有显著提高。结论:灵芝多糖抗肿瘤作用是通过机体的免疫系统介导的。     

Arsenic Trioxide Induced Differentiation and Apoptosis in Human Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Xenografts in BALB／C Nude Mice

To study the effect of arsenic trioxide (As2O3) on human poorly differentiated nasopharyngeal cancer cell line, CSNE-1, in vivo and its possible mechanism of action. Methods: CSNE-1 cells were established as xenografts in BALB/C nude mice. The tumor-bearing mice were treated with As2O3 at the dose of 5 mg/kg every day. The tumor growth was observed by tumor-growth curve. Morphologic changes were studied under light microscopy and electron microscopy. TUNEL was used to detect apoptosis. The expression of PCNA, p53, Bcl-2 and Bax were determined by immunohistochemistry. Results: The cell growth and proliferate activity were significantly inhibited by As203 at the dose of 5 mg/kg every day. Morphologic changes such as the formation of keratinization of tumor cells, decreased ratio of nuclear/cytoplasm, increased organelle and plasmic fibril in cytoplasm were identified. Cytodesma, desmosomes and micro-process were seen under light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, which revealed that the cancer cells underwent differentiation. In addition, remarkable cell apoptosis were observed by TUNEL assay. Over expression of p53 and Bax was detected in the As203 treatment group when compared with control group. Conclusion: As203 inhibited proliferation of human poorly differentiated nasopharyngeal cancer cell CSNE-1 by inducing differentiation and apoptosis, which may be related to the up-regulation of p53 and Bax expression.     

蛇根木根对免疫细胞抗肿瘤活性的增强作用

作者对蛇根木 Rauvolfia serpentinaBenth.根进行了下述试验:1)用 ELISA 法和蛋白质印迹法测定了该植物煎剂对经抗CD3抗体包被和 IL-2激活的 T-细胞在热休克后的 HSP70表达的作用;2)以乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)释放法测定该植物煎剂对激活的T-细胞对恶性胶质瘤细胞株 T98G 和淋巴母     

猪苓多糖介导IL-12激活NK细胞

曾报道命名为猪苓D-组分的β-葡聚糖可以激活巨噬细胞,增强T细胞免疫系统而具有抗肿瘤作用。在D-组分对肝癌、肺癌、乳腺癌免疫疗法的试验中,在增加不需要免疫活性细胞抗原提呈的NK细胞的细胞毒活性的同时改善症状。近年研究认为,NK细胞不仅直接被激活,而且介导巨噬细胞间接激活,本次探讨了D-组分激活NK细胞的机制。